k8s中helm包管理工具使用
Helm
Kubernetes 包管理工具
Helm 可以帮助我们管理 Kubernetes 应用程序 - Helm Charts 可以定义、安装和升级复杂的 Kubernetes 应用程序，Charts 包很容易创建、版本管理、分享和分布
安装
到GitHub仓库下载:https://github.com/helm/helm/releases
把下载好的包helm-v3.10.3-linux-amd64.tar.gz，上传master节点/usr/bin目录下，改名 helm
[root@k8s-master1 ~]# ll /usr/bin/helm
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 45125632 Dec 15 10:06 /usr/bin/helm查询版本，看到下面的版本信息证明已经成功了
[root@k8s-master1 ~]# helm version
version.BuildInfo{Version:"v3.10.3", GitCommit:"835b7334cfe2e5e27870ab3ed4135f136eecc704", GitTreeState:"clean", GoVersion:"go1.18.9"}
示例
安装包，如mysql
添加仓库，官方仓库下载太慢：helm repo add 自定义名 仓库url
#添加仓库
[root@k8s-master1 ~]# helm repo add bitnami https://charts.bitnami.com/bitnami
#查询添加的仓库
[root@k8s-master1 ~]# helm repo list
NAME URL
cxm http://mirror.azure.cn/kubernetes/charts
cyn https://kubernetes.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/charts
bitnami https://charts.bitnami.com/bitnami
搜索mysql包
[root@k8s-master1 ~]# helm search repo mysql
NAME CHART VERSION APP VERSION DESCRIPTION
bitnami/mysql 9.4.5 8.0.31 MySQL is a fast, reliable, scalable, and easy t...
cxm/mysql 1.6.9 5.7.30 DEPRECATED - Fast, reliable, scalable, and easy...
cxm/mysqldump 2.6.2 2.4.1 DEPRECATED! - A Helm chart to help backup MySQL...
cxm/prometheus-mysql-exporter 0.7.1 v0.11.0 DEPRECATED A Helm chart for prometheus mysql ex...
cyn/mysql 0.3.5 Fast, reliable, scalable, and easy to use open-...
bitnami/phpmyadmin 10.3.8 5.2.0 phpMyAdmin is a free software tool written in P...
cxm/percona 1.2.3 5.7.26 DEPRECATED - free, fully compatible, enhanced, ...
cxm/percona-xtradb-cluster 1.0.8 5.7.19 DEPRECATED - free, fully compatible, enhanced, ...
cxm/phpmyadmin 4.3.5 5.0.1 DEPRECATED phpMyAdmin is an mysql administratio...
cyn/percona 0.3.0 free, fully compatible, enhanced, open source d...
cyn/percona-xtradb-cluster 0.0.2 5.7.19 free, fully compatible, enhanced, open source d...
bitnami/mariadb 11.4.2 10.6.11 MariaDB is an open source, community-developed ...
bitnami/mariadb-galera 7.4.10 10.6.11 MariaDB Galera is a multi-primary database clus...
cxm/gcloud-sqlproxy 0.6.1 1.11 DEPRECATED Google Cloud SQL Proxy
cxm/mariadb 7.3.14 10.3.22 DEPRECATED Fast, reliable, scalable, and easy t...
cyn/gcloud-sqlproxy 0.2.3 Google Cloud SQL Proxy
cyn/mariadb 2.1.6 10.1.31 Fast, reliable, scalable, and easy to use open-...
选择一个包安装
[root@k8s-master1 ~]# helm install mysql cxm/mysql -n my-ns-helm
安装
[root@k8s-master1 ~]# helm install mysql cxm/mysql -n my-ns-helm
WARNING: This chart is deprecated
NAME: mysql
LAST DEPLOYED: Thu Jan 5 17:18:35 2023
NAMESPACE: my-ns-helm
STATUS: deployed
REVISION: 1
NOTES:
MySQL can be accessed via port 3306 on the following DNS name from within your cluster:
mysql.my-ns-helm.svc.cluster.local
To get your root password run:
MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=$(kubectl get secret --namespace my-ns-helm mysql -o jsonpath="{.data.mysql-root-password}" | base64 --decode; echo)
To connect to your database:
1. Run an Ubuntu pod that you can use as a client:
kubectl run -i --tty ubuntu --image=ubuntu:16.04 --restart=Never -- bash -il
2. Install the mysql client:
$ apt-get update && apt-get install mysql-client -y
3. Connect using the mysql cli, then provide your password:
$ mysql -h mysql -p
To connect to your database directly from outside the K8s cluster:
MYSQL_HOST=127.0.0.1
MYSQL_PORT=3306
# Execute the following command to route the connection:
kubectl port-forward svc/mysql 3306
mysql -h ${MYSQL_HOST} -P${MYSQL_PORT} -u root -p${MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD}
#查询
[root@k8s-master1 pv]# helm list -n my-ns-helm
NAME NAMESPACE REVISION UPDATED STATUS CHART APP VERSION
mysql my-ns-helm 1 2023-01-05 17:18:35.766225203 +0800 CST deployed mysql-1.6.9 5.7.30 到这一步，查询pod会发现mysql并没有running
#查询状态为Pending
[root@k8s-master1 ~]# kubectl get pod -n my-ns-helm
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
mysql-7b9cf5df76-rrtpj 0/1 Pending 0 2m50s
#查询pod信息，可以看到提示pvc没有绑定
#需要手动创建一个pv，绑定pvc
[root@k8s-master1 ~]# kubectl describe pod -n my-ns-helm mysql-7b9cf5df76-rrtpj
.....
Events:
Type Reason Age From Message
---- ------ ---- ---- -------
Warning FailedScheduling 6s (x5 over 4m22s) default-scheduler 0/3 nodes are available: 3 pod has unbound immediate PersistentVolumeClaims.创建pv，绑定pvc
#查询目前pv，pvc
[root@k8s-master1 mysql]# kubectl get pv,pvc -n my-ns-helm
NAME CAPACITY ACCESS MODES RECLAIM POLICY STATUS CLAIM STORAGECLASS REASON AGE
persistentvolume/jenkins-pv 4Gi RWX Retain Bound my-ns-devops/jenkins-pvc 77d
persistentvolume/nginx-pv1 3Gi RWX Retain Available 112d
persistentvolume/nginx-pv2 5Gi RWX Retain Released my-ns-xmgc/nginxpvc1 112d
persistentvolume/nginx-pv3 8Gi RWX Retain Released my-ns-xmgc/nginxpvc2 112d
persistentvolume/redis-pv1 2Gi RWX Retain Released my-ns-redis/redis-data-redis-app-3 redis 106d
persistentvolume/redis-pv2 2Gi RWX Retain Released my-ns-redis/redis-data-redis-app-5 redis 106d
persistentvolume/redis-pv3 2Gi RWX Retain Released my-ns-redis/redis-data-redis-app-2 redis 106d
persistentvolume/redis-pv4 2Gi RWX Retain Released my-ns-redis/redis-data-redis-app-0 redis 106d
persistentvolume/redis-pv5 2Gi RWX Retain Released my-ns-redis/redis-data-redis-app-1 redis 106d
persistentvolume/redis-pv6 2Gi RWX Retain Released my-ns-redis/redis-data-redis-app-4 redis 106d
NAME STATUS VOLUME CAPACITY ACCESS MODES STORAGECLASS AGE
persistentvolumeclaim/mysql Pending 8m50s
#pv yaml文件
[root@k8s-master1 pv]# cat mysql-pv.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: PersistentVolume
metadata:
name: mysql-pv
labels:
app: mysql
namespace: my-ns-helm
spec:
capacity:
storage: 8Gi
accessModes:
- ReadWriteOnce
persistentVolumeReclaimPolicy: Retain
nfs:
path: "/data/k8s/mysql"
server: 192.168.198.144
readOnly: false
#创建pv
[root@k8s-master1 pv]# kubectl apply -f mysql-pv.yaml
persistentvolume/mysql-pv created创建pv后再次查询pod，状态running，mysql安装成功
[root@k8s-master1 pv]# kubectl get pod -n my-ns-helm
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
mysql-7b9cf5df76-rrtpj 1/1 Running 0 11m登录mysql
#查询root密码
[root@k8s-master1 pv]# kubectl get secrets -n my-ns-helm mysql -o yaml | grep mysql-root-password | awk '{print $2}' | base64 -d
8alWd1Ewh8
#登录mysql
[root@k8s-master1 pv]# kubectl exec -it -n my-ns-helm mysql-7b9cf5df76-rrtpj /bin/bash
kubectl exec [POD] [COMMAND] is DEPRECATED and will be removed in a future version. Use kubectl exec [POD] -- [COMMAND] instead.
Defaulted container "mysql" out of: mysql, remove-lost-found (init)
root@mysql-7b9cf5df76-rrtpj:/#
root@mysql-7b9cf5df76-rrtpj:/# mysql -u root -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 68
Server version: 5.7.30 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2020, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| sys |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.01 sec)
mysql> use mysql;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed
mysql> 卸载
[root@k8s-master1 ~]# helm uninstall mysql -n my-ns-helm
release "mysql" uninstalled
[root@k8s-master1 ~]# helm list -n my-ns-helm
NAME NAMESPACE REVISION UPDATED STATUS CHART APP VERSION
[root@k8s-master1 ~]# kubectl get deployments.apps -n my-ns-helm
No resources found in my-ns-helm namespace.
