python中判断变量的类型
python的数据类型有:数字(int)、浮点(float)、字符串(str),列表(list)、元组(tuple)、字典(dict)、集合(set)
一般通过以下方法进行判断:
1、isinstance(参数1,参数2)
描述:该函数用来判断一个变量(参数1)是否是已知的变量类型(参数2) 类似于type()
参数1:变量
参数2:可以是直接或间接类名、基本类型或者由它们组成的元组。
返回值: 如果对象的类型与参数二的类型(classinfo)相同则返回 True,否则返回 False
例子:
1 #判断变量类型的函数 2 def typeof(variate): 3 type=None 4 if isinstance(variate,int): 5 type = "int" 6 elif isinstance(variate,str): 7 type = "str" 8 elif isinstance(variate,float): 9 type = "float" 10 elif isinstance(variate,list): 11 type = "list" 12 elif isinstance(variate,tuple): 13 type = "tuple" 14 elif isinstance(variate,dict): 15 type = "dict" 16 elif isinstance(variate,set): 17 type = "set" 18 return type 19 # 返回变量类型 20 def getType(variate): 21 arr = {"int":"整数","float":"浮点","str":"字符串","list":"列表","tuple":"元组","dict":"字典","set":"集合"} 22 vartype = typeof(variate) 23 if not (vartype in arr): 24 return "未知类型" 25 return arr[vartype] 26 27 #判断变量是否为整数 28 money=120 29 print("{0}是{1}".format(money,getType(money))) 30 #判断变量是否为字符串 31 money="120" 32 print("{0}是{1}".format(money,getType(money))) 33 money=12.3 34 print("{0}是{1}".format(money,getType(money))) 35 #判断变量是否为列表 36 students=['studentA'] 37 print("{0}是{1}".format(students,getType(students))) 38 #判断变量是否为元组 39 students=('studentA','studentB') 40 print("{0}是{1}".format(students,getType(students))) 41 #判断变量是否为字典 42 dictory={"key1":"value1","key2":"value2"} 43 print("{0}是{1}".format(dictory,getType(dictory))) 44 #判断变量是否为集合 45 apple={"apple1","apple2"}
46 print("{0}是{1}".format(apple,getType(apple)))
返回:
2、通过与已知类型的常量进行比较
例子:
1 #判断变量类型的函数 2 def typeof(variate): 3 type1 = "" 4 if type(variate) == type(1): 5 type1 = "int" 6 elif type(variate) == type("str"): 7 type1 = "str" 8 elif type(variate) == type(12.3): 9 type1 = "float" 10 elif type(variate) == type([1]): 11 type1 = "list" 12 elif type(variate) == type(()): 13 type1 = "tuple" 14 elif type(variate) == type({"key1":"123"}): 15 type1 = "dict" 16 elif type(variate) == type({"key1"}): 17 type1 = "set" 18 return type1 19 # 返回变量类型 20 def getType(variate): 21 arr = {"int":"整数","float":"浮点","str":"字符串","list":"列表","tuple":"元组","dict":"字典","set":"集合"} 22 vartype = typeof(variate) 23 if not (vartype in arr): 24 return "未知类型" 25 return arr[vartype] 26 27 #判断变量是否为整数 28 money=120 29 print("{0}是{1}".format(money,getType(money))) 30 #判断变量是否为字符串 31 money="120" 32 print("{0}是{1}".format(money,getType(money))) 33 money=12.3 34 print("{0}是{1}".format(money,getType(money))) 35 #判断变量是否为列表 36 students=['studentA'] 37 print("{0}是{1}".format(students,getType(students))) 38 #判断变量是否为元组 39 students=('studentA','studentB') 40 print("{0}是{1}".format(students,getType(students))) 41 #判断变量是否为字典 42 dictory={"key1":"value1","key2":"value2"} 43 print("{0}是{1}".format(dictory,getType(dictory))) 44 #判断变量是否为集合 45 apple={"apple1","apple2"} 46 print("{0}是{1}".format(apple,getType(apple)))
返回:
补充:
isinstance() 与 type() 区别:
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type() 不会认为子类是一种父类类型,不考虑继承关系。
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isinstance() 会认为子类是一种父类类型,考虑继承关系。
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如果要判断两个类型是否相同推荐使用 isinstance()。