001---CBV和restful规范
CBV 和 restful规范
知识点准备：
django的view
- FBV:基于函数的视图
- CBV:基于类的视图
urls.py from django.urls import path from app01.views import StudentsView urlpatterns = [ path('students/ ',StudentsView.as_view()), ] views.py from django.views import View from django.shortcuts import HttpResponse class StudentsView(View): def get(self,request,*args,**kwargs): return HttpResponse('GET 请求') def post(self,request,*args,**kwargs): return HttpResponse('POST 请求')
csrf_token
- 原理：基于中间件的process__view()做的，用户发送get请求的时候django会给他返回一个随机字符串，下次用户发送post请求的时候，要求携带这个随机字符串，验证是否一样，
- 免除：
csrf_exempt - 验证：
csrf_protect - 为什么不写在process__request()里面？
因为它中间件要判断视图函数有没有加免除或者验证的装饰器，如果在request里面，他无法获取哪些视图函数加了装饰器。
# 第一种：给方法加
from django.views import View
from django.views.decorators.csrf import csrf_exempt, csrf_protect
from django.utils.decorators import method_decorator
class StudentsView(View):
@method_decorator(csrf_exempt)
def dispatch(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
return super(StudentsView, self).dispatch(request, *args, **kwargs)
def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
print('GET')
return HttpResponse('GET请求')
def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
return HttpResponse('POST请求')
# 第二种：给类加
@method_decorator(csrf_exempt,name='dispatch')
class TeachersView(View):
def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
print('GET')
return HttpResponse('GET请求')
def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
return HttpResponse('POST请求')
CBV源码剖析
- FBV 和 CBV
基于反射实现根据请求方式不同，执行不同的方法
原理：- 路由 cls.as_view()-->view()-->self.dispatch()-->反射
- 视图：get post delete put……
- 流程
class StudentsView(View): def dispatch(self, request, *args, **kwargs): # return HttpResponse('dispath') func = getattr(self,request.method.lower()) return func(request, *args, **kwargs) def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs): return HttpResponse('GET请求') def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs): return HttpResponse('POST请求') def delete(self,request,*args,**kwargs): return HttpResponse('DELETE请求') def put(self,request,*args,**kwargs): return HttpResponse('PUT请求')- 继承(多个类共用的功能，避免重复编写)
class MyBaseView(object): def dispatch(self, request, *args, **kwargs): print('before') func = super(MyBaseView, self).dispatch(request, *args, **kwargs) print('after') return func class StudentsView(MyBaseView, View): def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs): print('GET') return HttpResponse('GET请求') def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs): return HttpResponse('POST请求') def delete(self, request, *args, **kwargs): return HttpResponse('DELETE请求') def put(self, request, *args, **kwargs): return HttpResponse('PUT请求')
restful规范
十条规范
-
API与用户的通信协议：https
-
域名：
- URL方式：www.abc.com/api/
- 子域名方式(存在跨域问题) ：www.abc.com www.api.abc.com
-
版本：www.abc.com/api/v1/
-
面向资源(视网络上的任何数据为资源，均使用名词、可复数)：www.abc.com/api/v1/order/
-
过滤，通过url传递搜索条件
-
根据method不同进行不同的操作
from django.urls import path
from app01.views import OrderView
urlpatterns = [
path('order/',OrderView.as_view()),
]
class OrderView(View):
def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
return HttpResponse('获取订单')
def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
return HttpResponse('创建订单')
def delete(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
return HttpResponse('删除订单')
def put(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
return HttpResponse('更新订单')
- 状态码
- 错误处理
- 返回结果
- 返回结果中就是url
django rest_framework
- 安装：pip install djangorestframework
- 使用
- 认证
from rest_framework.views import APIView from rest_framework.exceptions import AuthenticationFailed class MyAuthentication(object): def authenticate(self, request): token = request._request.GET.get('token') # 可以做用户名密码验证 if not token: raise AuthenticationFailed('认证失败') return (1, 2) def authenticate_header(self, request): pass class DogView(APIView): authentication_classes = [MyAuthentication] def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs): return HttpResponse('获取小狗') def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs): return HttpResponse('创建小狗') def delete(self, request, *args, **kwargs): return HttpResponse('删除小狗') def put(self, request, *args, **kwargs): return HttpResponse('更新小狗')
- 认证
