Shell子串_变量子串的语法介绍

变量子串的语法介绍

name="Mrxujbing"		#该变量的值，有索引是从0,1,2,3,4...
${变量}					返回变量值
${#name}				 返回变量长度
${变量:start}				返回变量start数值之后的字符串，且包含start的数字(start值就是索引值)
${变量:start:length}		提取start之后的length限制的字符，例如${name:4:1}
${变量#word}				从变量开头删除最短匹配的word子串
${变量##word}				从变量开头删除最长匹配的word子串
${变量%word}				从变量结尾删除最短匹配的word
${变量%%word}				从变量结尾开始删除最长匹配的word

替换
${变量/pattern/string}	用string 代替第一个匹配的pattern
${变量//pattern/string}	用string 代替所有匹配的pattern

[root@localhost ~]# name="Mrxu160abcbbcacd"
[root@localhost ~]# echo ${name}
Mrxu160abcbbcacd
[root@localhost ~]# echo ${#name}
16
[root@localhost ~]# echo ${name:6}
0abcbbcacd
[root@localhost ~]# echo ${name:6:3}
0ab

实际练习

###截取字符串
[root@localhost ~]# echo $name
xujianbing
[root@localhost ~]# echo ${name:3:3}
ian
[root@localhost ~]# name2="abcABCabc123ABCabc"
[root@localhost ~]# echo ${name2#a*c}
ABCabc123ABCabc
[root@localhost ~]# echo ${name2##a*c}  ###匹配最长的，就是全匹配，删晚了

[root@localhost ~]# echo ${name2%a*c}
abcABCabc123ABC
[root@localhost ~]# echo ${name2%%a*c}

[root@localhost ~]# 

###用符号#有点难理解，从开头匹配，重点是开头的字符要对应；从结尾开始匹配重点是结尾的要匹配
[root@localhost ~]# echo ${name2%1*c}        ###从结尾的
abcABCabc
[root@localhost ~]# echo ${name2#1*c}
abcABCabc123ABCabc
[root@localhost ~]# echo ${name2#a*3}       ###从开头的         
ABCabc                             
[root@localhost ~]# echo ${name2%a*3}

#####感觉直接用/替换成空更好理解
[root@localhost ~]# echo ${name2/ab/df}
dfcABCabc123ABCabc
[root@localhost ~]# echo ${name2//ab/df}
dfcABCdfc123ABCdfc
[root@localhost ~]# echo ${name2//abc/}   ###将要截取的替换成空
ABC123ABC
[root@localhost ~]#