动态路由协议 RIP
RIP【Routing Information Protocol】路由信息协议,它是一种基于矢量(Distance-Vector)算法的协议,使用跳数作为度量来衡量到达目的网络的距离,RIP主要应用于规模较小的网络中,缺点:古老、收敛速度很慢
运行原理如下:
- 路由器每 30秒会与相邻的路由器交换路由表数据包,以动态的建立路由表,如果240秒没有收到对方消息,就将对方的路由表从自身删除
- RIP只看距离远近,距离是以跳数(经过路由器的个数)来衡量
- RIP 允许最大的hop数(跳数)为15----->多于15跳不可达
- 路由协议如下:
网络拓扑图如下:运用 RIP 动态路由协议来实现所有PC网络互相通信(如想要禁止某网段访问可直接在RIP中不进行宣告即可)
实现方法如下:
R1 配置命令:
<Huawei>system-view [Huawei]sysname R1 [R1]undo info-center enable [R1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0 [R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 1.1.1.1 24 #g0/0/0配置IP [R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit [R1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1 [R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 10.10.10.1 24 #g0/0/1配置IP [R1]rip #进入RIP [R1-rip-1]version 2 #版本为V2 [R1-rip-1]undo summary #关闭汇总 [R1-rip-1]network 10.0.0.0 #宣告网段,区分ABC类地址默认掩码,A类为 X.0.0.0 B类 X.X.0.0 C类 X.X.X.0 [R1-rip-1]network 1.0.0.0 #宣告网段,区分ABC类地址默认掩码,A类为 X.0.0.0 B类 X.X.0.0 C类 X.X.X.0 [R1-rip-1]silent-interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1 #开启静默端口G0/0/1,防止RIP包对计算机进行组播
- 查看路由表:display ip routing-table
R2 配置命令:
<Huawei>system-view [Huawei]sysname R2 [R2]undo info-center enable [R2]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0 [R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 1.1.1.2 24 [R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit [R2]interface Ethernet0/0/0 [R2-Ethernet0/0/0]port link-type access [R2-Ethernet0/0/0]vlan 10 [R2-vlan10]port Ethernet 0/0/0 [R2-vlan10]quit [R2]interface vlanif 10 [R2-Vlanif10]ip address 20.20.20.1 24 [R2-Vlanif10]quit [R2]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1 [R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 172.16.20.1 24 [R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit [R2]rip #进入RIP [R2-rip-1]version 2 #版本V2 [R2-rip-1]undo summary #关闭汇总 [R2-rip-1]network 1.0.0.0 #宣告自己网段地址 [R2-rip-1]network 20.0.0.0 #宣告自己网段地址 [R2-rip-1]network 172.16.0.0 #宣告自己网段地址 [R2-rip-1]silent-interface Ethernet 0/0/0 #静默端口E0/0/0
- 查看路由表:display ip routing-table
R3 配置命令:
<Huawei>system-view [Huawei]sysname R3 [R3]undo info-center enable [R3]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0 [R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 172.16.20.2 24 [R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit [R3]vlan 10 [R3-vlan10]quit [R3]interface Ethernet0/0/0 [R3-Ethernet0/0/0]port link-type access [R3-Ethernet0/0/0]port default vlan 10 [R3-Ethernet0/0/0]quit [R3]interface vlanif 10 [R3-Vlanif10]ip address 30.30.30.1 24 [R3-Vlanif10]quit [R3]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1 [R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.1.1 24 [R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit [R3]rip [R3-rip-1]version 2 #版本V2 [R3-rip-1]undo summary #关闭汇总 [R3-rip-1]network 172.16.0.0 #宣告网段 [R3-rip-1]network 30.0.0.0 #宣告网段 [R3-rip-1]network 192.168.1.0 #宣告网段 [R3-rip-1]silent-interface Ethernet 0/0/0 #静默端口E0/0/0
- 查看路由表:display ip routing-table
R4 配置命令:
<Huawei>system-view [Huawei]sysname R4 [R4]undo info-center enable [R4]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0 [R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.1.2 24 [R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit [R4]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1 [R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 40.40.40.1 24 [R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit [R4]rip #进入RIP [R4-rip-1]version 2 #版本V2 [R4-rip-1]undo summary #关闭汇总 [R4-rip-1]network 192.168.1.0 #宣告地址 [R4-rip-1]network 40.0.0.0 #宣告地址 [R4-rip-1]silent-interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1 #静默端口G0/0/1
- 查看路由表:display ip routing-table