摘要: 问题: 一个硬币, 出现正面的概率为p, 出现反面的概率为 1-p, p !=1/2. 如何制造一个公平的“硬币”。解答: 利用条件概率公式 => P(first coin is head | both coins are different) = p (1-p) / (2p(1-p)) = 1 / 2.同理可知 P(first coin is tail | both coins are different) = p (1-p) / (2p(1-p)) = 1 / 2.所以一个公平的硬币应该是:不停的反转直到连续两次是一正一反,然后看倒数第二次的面向reference: http://s 阅读全文
posted @ 2013-11-10 15:36 LevyFan 阅读(258) 评论(0) 推荐(0) 编辑
摘要: Denote g(St ) as the density function of St 看涨欧式期权的价值 C = exp(-r*T) ∫K∞(ST - K)g(ST )dST把上述等式对K求二阶导数, 可得 g(K ) = exp(r*T)∂2C/∂K2 (*)(*)式的一个意义就是butter fly 期权的价值为正 阅读全文
posted @ 2013-11-07 09:25 LevyFan 阅读(391) 评论(0) 推荐(0) 编辑
摘要: 一些比较重要的定理公式1) If P and Q are equivalent measures, and Xt is an Ft-adapted process then the followingresults hold: EQ (Xt) = EP (Xt dQ/dP)2) Define dQ/dP = exp( - ∫Θdw-1/2∫Θ2du), denote WP is a BM under measure P, then WtQ = WtP +∫0tΘ du is a BM under measure Q 阅读全文
posted @ 2013-11-06 11:23 LevyFan 阅读(1250) 评论(0) 推荐(0) 编辑
摘要: 找到贴吧一个证明 用夹逼定理http://tieba.baidu.com/p/1300488932# 阅读全文
posted @ 2013-11-04 16:13 LevyFan 阅读(2756) 评论(0) 推荐(0) 编辑
摘要: 波动率模型主要有以下三类- Local volatility, where the forward/spot price of the underlying solves the SDE dF = sigma(F)F dW for a (deter-ministic) function sigma. A special model is the CEV model with sigma(F) = sigma_beta * F ^(beta-1). Problems are that either one use a fully calibrated model (Dupire's fo 阅读全文
posted @ 2013-10-31 17:45 LevyFan 阅读(942) 评论(0) 推荐(0) 编辑
摘要: Heap is a large pool of memory used for dynamic allocation. When using new operator, to allocate the memory, the memory is assignedfrom heap.When a dynamically allocated variable is deleted, the memory is “returned” to the heap and can then be reassigned as future allocation requests are received.Th 阅读全文
posted @ 2013-10-28 22:54 LevyFan 阅读(193) 评论(0) 推荐(0) 编辑
摘要: Assume X ~ N(µx,σx), Y~ N(µy,σy), corre(X,Y) =ρthen1) E(eXeY) = exp{µx +1/2σ2x +µY+1/2σY2+ρσxσy}2)cov(eX,eY) =exp{µx+1/2σ2x +µY+1/2σY2}(exp{ρσxσy}-1) 阅读全文
posted @ 2013-10-28 22:42 LevyFan 阅读(147) 评论(0) 推荐(0) 编辑
摘要: 1)一个快速的近似公式,对于欧式ATM期权call = put = StockPrice * 0.4 * volatility * Sqrt( Time )证明可以首先对正太分布的累积概率函数做泰勒展开即可。reference:http://quant.stackexchange.com/questions/1150/what-are-some-useful-approximations-to-the-black-scholes-formula2)normal BS vol ≈ spot price(fwd price) * lognormal BS vol 阅读全文
posted @ 2013-10-28 22:06 LevyFan 阅读(286) 评论(0) 推荐(0) 编辑
摘要: Assume t<u, conditional expectaion follows normal distribution E(Wt|Wu) ~ N[t/uWu, t(u-t)/u]证明与布朗桥有关, 具体可见http://disi.unal.edu.co/~gjhernandezp/mathcomm/slides/bm.pdf 阅读全文
posted @ 2013-10-28 18:41 LevyFan 阅读(626) 评论(0) 推荐(0) 编辑
摘要: 看到别人的一个博文,写得很好,http://www.cnblogs.com/yiyezhai/archive/2012/12/12/2813734.html 阅读全文
posted @ 2013-10-25 10:15 LevyFan 阅读(98) 评论(0) 推荐(0) 编辑