IIS的Windows集成认证-转
http://www.cnblogs.com/chnking/archive/2007/11/20/965553.html#_Toc183326162
Windows集成验证
集成 Windows 身份验证可以使用 NTLM 或 Kerberos V5 身份验证，当 Internet Explorer 试图设为集成验证的IIS的资源时，IIS 发送两个 WWW 身份验证头，Negotiate 和 NTLM。
客户端IE认识Negotiate头，将选择Negotiate头，之后IE可以选择NTLM 或 Kerberos两种验证方式。
如果客户端不认识Negotiate头，只能选择NTLM头，就只能使用NTLM验证方式。
现在IE使用的版本一般都在5.0以上，所以现在可以认为IE客户端都能识别Negotiate 头。
所以本文只考虑IE接受Negotiate头，分别使用NTLM 或 Kerberos两种验证的情况。
1、 NTLM验证过程
1.1. 客户端选择NTLM方式
如果IE选择了NTLM验证，IE就会在发送到IIS的请求中加入一个Authorization: Negotiate头，内容为：
Authorization: Negotiate NTLMSSPXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
蓝色部分在实际中是经过base64编码的，其中“NTLMSSP”表示是NTLM验证的请求，后面的“XXXXXXXX”部分是二进制的数据，告诉服务器，客户端现在选择了NTLM验证，请服务器发送质询码给客户端。
1.2. 服务端返回质询码
服务器在返回无授权访问的http回应的头部加入Authorization: Negotiate头，内容为：
Authorization: Negotiate NTLMSSPXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
服务器返回的“XXXXXXXX”部分中含有一个八字节的质询码。
1.3. 客户端加密质询码再次发送请求
客户端使用客户端帐号的密码派生出来的8字节DESkey使用DES算法加密收到的质询码。连同客户端帐号的用户名发送到服务端，形式还是这样：
Authorization: Negotiate NTLMSSPXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
这里的“XXXXXXX”部分包含了加密后的质询码和客户端用户名，用户名在其中以明码形式存在。
1.4. 服务端验证客户端用户和密码
服务端收到用户名后，先查验本机是否有这个用户，如果没有直接返回没有授权的http回应。
如果有这个用户，就用这个用户的密码派生出来的8字节DESkey使用DES算法加密发给客户端的那个8字节的质询码，然后跟收到客户端发送来的加密后的质询码比较，如果不相同，表示客户端输入密码不正确看，返回没有授权的http回应；如果相同，就表示客户端输入这个用户的密码正确，验证通过，返回客户端请求的资源。
2、 Kerberos验证过程
2.1. 客户端选择Kerberos验证
如果客户端选择了Kerberos验证，客户端直接在请求头中加入Authorization: Negotiate头，内容为：
Authorization: Negotiate XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
其中“XXXXXXXXXX”包含了客户端登录用户的身份验证票（登录时域中的票据服务器发放的标识此登录用户身份的票据，其中不包含用户的密码）。
2.2. 服务端验证身份验证票
服务器验证用户验证票，如果有效的票据，服务端能据此获得用户的用户名，并验证用户的有效性。验证通过后，服务端返回客户端请求的资源。
但是客户端IE何时选择NTLM 、合适选择Kerberos呢？下面通过一系列的测试来找出答案。
分服务器和客户端在域不在域两种情况测试。
3、 客户端和服务器都不在域中
测试环境为服务器和客户端机器在同一个局域网中，但是都不在域中。客户端IE请求服务端IIS的一个页面default.aspx。
IIS服务端设置：
l 不启用匿名访问
l 只启用集成windows身份验证
这个环境下又分为下面几种情况：
3.1. 客户端用ip地址访问服务
3.1.1. 客户端IE申请页面
客户端IE浏览器的地址栏上输入要访问的URL，就会向服务端发送一个GET请求：
GET /wstest/default.aspx HTTP/1.1
Accept: */*
Accept-Language: zh-cn
UA-CPU: x86
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.2; SV1; .NET CLR 1.1.4322; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; InfoPath.1; MAXTHON 2.0)
Host: 192.168.1.13:81
Connection: Keep-Alive
3.1.2. 服务端返回无授权回应
服务端设置了禁用匿名访问，只允许windows验证，所以服务端返回了无授权回应：
HTTP/1.1 401 Unauthorized
返回的http头中还包括的:
WWW-Authenticate: Negotiate
WWW-Authenticate: NTLM
这两个头表示服务端只接受集成windows验证方式
HTTP/1.1 401 Unauthorized
Content-Length: 1327
Content-Type: text/html
Server: Microsoft-IIS/6.0
WWW-Authenticate: Negotiate
WWW-Authenticate: NTLM
X-Powered-By: ASP.NET
Date: Sun, 11 Nov 2007 12:28:29 GMT
3.1.3. 客户端选择NTLM验证，要求输入用户名密码，请求质询码
客户端通过Authorization: Negotiate NTLMSSPXXXX 头告诉服务器，客户端要求NTLM验证，请求服务端发送质询码。
GET /wstest/default.aspx HTTP/1.1
Accept: */*
Accept-Language: zh-cn
UA-CPU: x86
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.2; SV1; .NET CLR 1.1.4322; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; InfoPath.1; MAXTHON 2.0)
Host: 192.168.1.13:81
Connection: Keep-Alive
Authorization: Negotiate TlRMTVNTUAABAAAAB4IIogAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAFAs4OAAAAD3==
3.1.4. 服务器返回质询码
服务端收到客户端的请求，发送一个八字节的质询码。
HTTP/1.1 401 Unauthorized
Content-Length: 1251
Content-Type: text/html
Server: Microsoft-IIS/6.0
WWW-Authenticate: Negotiate TlRMTVNTUAACAAAAEgASADgAAAAFgoqii7rzphzu6mEAAAAAAAAAAFwAXABKAAAABQLODgAAAA9CAEkAWgBUAEEATABLAFIAMgACABIAQgBJAFoAVABBAEwASwBSADIAAQASAEIASQBaAFQAQQBMAEsAUgAyAAQAEgBiAGkAegB0AGEAbABrAFIAMgADABIAYgBpAHoAdABhAGwAawBSADIAAAAAAA==
X-Powered-By: ASP.NET
Date: Sun, 11 Nov 2007 12:29:44 GMT
3.1.5. 客户端发送使用前面输入账户的密码加密后的质询码
客户端IE收到质询码后，使用根据一定的规则从登录用户密码派生出的8字节的key对质询码进行DES加密，加密后的质询码和用户名明码连同页面请求一起发送到服务端。
GET /wstest/default.aspx HTTP/1.1
Accept: */*
Accept-Language: zh-cn
UA-CPU: x86
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.2; SV1; .NET CLR 1.1.4322; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; InfoPath.1; MAXTHON 2.0)
Host: 192.168.1.13:81
Connection: Keep-Alive
Authorization: Negotiate TlRMTVNTUAADAAAAGAAYAI4AAAAYABgApgAAABgAGABIAAAAGgAaAGAAAAAUABQAegAAAAAAAAC+AAAABYKIogUCzg4AAAAPMQA5ADIALgAxADYAOAAuADEALgAxADMAYQBkAG0AaQBuAGkAcwB0AHIAYQB0AG8AcgBXAEkATgAyADAAMAAzAC0AUABDAL0amMkkEMWLAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAFND1Boc0kthz0TBnfxn3z4W9/NILU1CtW==
3.1.6. 服务端验证通过，返回资源
服务端收到用户名和加密后的质询码后，根据用户名查找服务器上此用户的密码，按照客户端同样的方法加密质询码，然后跟收到客户端返回的质询码，如果一致，则说明用户名和密码都一致，验证通过，返回客户端IE请求资源。如果不对，再次返回无授权http回应。
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Date: Sun, 11 Nov 2007 12:29:44 GMT
Server: Microsoft-IIS/6.0
X-Powered-By: ASP.NET
X-AspNet-Version: 2.0.50727
Cache-Control: private
Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8
Content-Length: 522
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" >
<head><title>
.Untitled Page
</title></head>
<body>
<form method="post" action="default.aspx">
<div>
<input name="__VIEWSTATE" value="/wEPDwUJNzgzNDMwNTMzZGTcefU2sz1MLsbXiZdUEXomIyZ20Q==" />
</div>
<div>
This is a simple page!</div>
</form>
</body>
</html>
3.2. 客户端用机器名访问服务器，登录用户名/口令跟服务器不匹配
这种情况，客户端用服务器名访问服务器，但是客户端登录系统的用户跟服务器上的用户名和密码不匹配，也就是要么服务器上没这个用户，要么就是服务器这个用户的密码跟客户端这个用户的密码不一样。
3.2.1. 客户端IE申请页面
GET /wstest/default.aspx HTTP/1.1
Accept: */*
Accept-Language: zh-cn
UA-CPU: x86
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.2; SV1; .NET CLR 1.1.4322; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; InfoPath.1; MAXTHON 2.0)
Host: biztalkr2:81
Connection: Keep-Alive
3.2.2. 服务端返回无授权回应
服务端不允许匿名访问，服务端返回需要集成验证的的http头。
HTTP/1.1 401 Unauthorized
Content-Length: 1327
Content-Type: text/html
Server: Microsoft-IIS/6.0
WWW-Authenticate: Negotiate
WWW-Authenticate: NTLM
X-Powered-By: ASP.NET
Date: Wed, 14 Nov 2007 12:38:36 GMT
3.2.3. 客户端选择NTLM验证，请求质询码
GET /wstest/default.aspx HTTP/1.1
Accept: */*
Accept-Language: zh-cn
UA-CPU: x86
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.2; SV1; .NET CLR 1.1.4322; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; InfoPath.1; MAXTHON 2.0)
Host: biztalkr2:81
Connection: Keep-Alive
Authorization: Negotiate TlRMTVNTUAABAAAAB4IIogAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAFAs4OAAAADw==
3.2.4. 服务器返回质询码
HTTP/1.1 401 Unauthorized
Content-Length: 1251
Content-Type: text/html
Server: Microsoft-IIS/6.0
WWW-Authenticate: Negotiate TlRMTVNTUAACAAAAEgASADgAAAAFgoqikemftrQx0qUAAAAAAAAAAFwAXABKAAAABQLODgAAAA9CAEkAWgBUAEEATABLAFIAMgACABIAQgBJAFoAVABBAEwASwBSADIAAQASAEIASQBaAFQAQQBMAEsAUgAyAAQAEgBiAGkAegB0AGEAbABrAFIAMgADABIAYgBpAHoAdABhAGwAawBSADIAAAAAAA==
X-Powered-By: ASP.NET
Date: Wed, 14 Nov 2007 12:38:36 GMT
3.2.5. 客户端发送用登陆本机的账户加密后的质询码
客户端IE首先用本机登录用户的密码派生的key加密质询码，然后连同用户名一起发送到服务端验证。
GET /wstest/default.aspx HTTP/1.1
Accept: */*
Accept-Language: zh-cn
UA-CPU: x86
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.2; SV1; .NET CLR 1.1.4322; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; InfoPath.1; MAXTHON 2.0)
Host: biztalkr2:81
Connection: Keep-Alive
Authorization: Negotiate TlRMTVNTUAADAAAAGAAYAIoAAAAYABgAogAAABQAFABIAAAAGgAaAFwAAAAUABQAdgAAAAAAAAC6AAAABYKIogUCzg4AAAAPVwBJAE4AMgAwADAAMwAtAFAAQwBBAGQAbQBpAG4AaQBzAHQAcgBhAHQAbwByAFcASQBOADIAMAAwADMALQBQAEMAwo4jxECJeUwAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA2/kscwhI0mmAC6W4OmsZjbrRyrS2NGUX
3.2.6. 服务端返回无授权回应
客户端本机登录的用户名和密码跟服务器端没有匹配的，所以验证在服务端没有通过，服务端返回无授权的回应。
HTTP/1.1 401 Unauthorized
Content-Length: 1251
Content-Type: text/html
Server: Microsoft-IIS/6.0
WWW-Authenticate: Negotiate
WWW-Authenticate: NTLM
X-Powered-By: ASP.NET
Date: Wed, 14 Nov 2007 12:38:36 GMT
3.2.7. 客户端及选选择NTLM验证，要求输入用户名和口令，再次请求质询码
GET /wstest/default.aspx HTTP/1.1
Accept: */*
Accept-Language: zh-cn
UA-CPU: x86
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.2; SV1; .NET CLR 1.1.4322; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; InfoPath.1; MAXTHON 2.0)
Host: biztalkr2:81
Connection: Keep-Alive
Authorization: Negotiate TlRMTVNTUAABAAAAB4IIogAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAFAs4OAAAADw==
3.2.8. 服务端返回质询码
HTTP/1.1 401 Unauthorized
Content-Length: 1251
Content-Type: text/html
Server: Microsoft-IIS/6.0
WWW-Authenticate: Negotiate TlRMTVNTUAACAAAAEgASADgAAAAFgoqi3GHiM9qD6TUAAAAAAAAAAFwAXABKAAAABQLODgAAAA9CAEkAWgBUAEEATABLAFIAMgACABIAQgBJAFoAVABBAEwASwBSADIAAQASAEIASQBaAFQAQQBMAEsAUgAyAAQAEgBiAGkAegB0AGEAbABrAFIAMgADABIAYgBpAHoAdABhAGwAawBSADIAAAAAAA==
X-Powered-By: ASP.NET
Date: Wed, 14 Nov 2007 12:38:45 GMT
3.2.9. 客户端发送使用前面输入账户的密码加密后的质询码
GET /wstest/default.aspx HTTP/1.1
Accept: */*
Accept-Language: zh-cn
UA-CPU: x86
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.2; SV1; .NET CLR 1.1.4322; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; InfoPath.1; MAXTHON 2.0)
Host: biztalkr2:81
Connection: Keep-Alive
Authorization: Negotiate TlRMTVNTUAADAAAAGAAYAIgAAAAYABgAoAAAABIAEgBIAAAAGgAaAFoAAAAUABQAdAAAAAAAAAC4AAAABYKIogUCzg4AAAAPQgBJAFoAVABBAEwASwBSADIAYQBkAG0AaQBuAGkAcwB0AHIAYQB0AG8AcgBXAEkATgAyADAAMAAzAC0AUABDAKeYMtcyzwKJAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAExqwTipbr+IzohNdmnopPU1B9pp7QBplA==
3.2.10. 服务端验证通过，返回资源
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Date: Wed, 14 Nov 2007 12:38:45 GMT
Server: Microsoft-IIS/6.0
X-Powered-By: ASP.NET
X-AspNet-Version: 2.0.50727
Cache-Control: private
Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8
Content-Length: 522
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" >
<head><title>
.Untitled Page
</title></head>
<body>
<form method="post" action="default.aspx">
<div>
<input name="__VIEWSTATE" value="/wEPDwUJNzgzNDMwNTMzZGTcefU2sz1MLsbXiZdUEXomIyZ20Q==" />
</div>
<div>
This is a simple page!</div>
</form>
</body>
</html>
3.3. 客户端用机器名访问服务器，登录用户名/口令跟服务器匹配
这种情况，客户端用服务器名访问服务器，而且客户端登录系统的用户正好在服务器上有个同名同密码的用户。
3.3.1. 客户端IE申请页面
GET /wstest/default.aspx HTTP/1.1
Accept: */*
Accept-Language: zh-cn
UA-CPU: x86
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.2; SV1; .NET CLR 1.1.4322; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; InfoPath.1; MAXTHON 2.0)
Host: biztalkr2:81
Connection: Keep-Alive
3.3.2. 服务端返回无授权回应
同样，服务端不允许匿名访问，服务端返回需要集成验证的的http头。
HTTP/1.1 401 Unauthorized
Content-Length: 1327
Content-Type: text/html
Server: Microsoft-IIS/6.0
WWW-Authenticate: Negotiate
WWW-Authenticate: NTLM
X-Powered-By: ASP.NET
Date: Wed, 14 Nov 2007 12:35:41 GMT
3.3.3. 客户端选择NTLM验证，请求质询码
GET /wstest/default.aspx HTTP/1.1
Accept: */*
Accept-Language: zh-cn
UA-CPU: x86
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.2; SV1; .NET CLR 1.1.4322; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; InfoPath.1; MAXTHON 2.0)
Host: biztalkr2:81
Connection: Keep-Alive
Authorization: Negotiate TlRMTVNTUAABAAAAB4IIogAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAFAs4OAAAADw==
3.3.4. 服务器返回质询码
HTTP/1.1 401 Unauthorized
Content-Length: 1251
Content-Type: text/html
Server: Microsoft-IIS/6.0
WWW-Authenticate: Negotiate TlRMTVNTUAACAAAAEgASADgAAAAFgoqiSWLtzjLMElAAAAAAAAAAAFwAXABKAAAABQLODgAAAA9CAEkAWgBUAEEATABLAFIAMgACABIAQgBJAFoAVABBAEwASwBSADIAAQASAEIASQBaAFQAQQBMAEsAUgAyAAQAEgBiAGkAegB0AGEAbABrAFIAMgADABIAYgBpAHoAdABhAGwAawBSADIAAAAAAA==
X-Powered-By: ASP.NET
Date: Wed, 14 Nov 2007 12:35:41 GMT
3.3.5. 客户端发送用登陆本机的账户加密后的质询码
GET /wstest/default.aspx HTTP/1.1
Accept: */*
Accept-Language: zh-cn
UA-CPU: x86
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.2; SV1; .NET CLR 1.1.4322; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; InfoPath.1; MAXTHON 2.0)
Host: biztalkr2:81
Connection: Keep-Alive
Authorization: Negotiate TlRMTVNTUAADAAAAGAAYAIoAAAAYABgAogAAABQAFABIAAAAGgAaAFwAAAAUABQAdgAAAAAAAAC6AAAABYKIogUCzg4AAAAPVwBJAE4AMgAwADAAMwAtAFAAQwBBAGQAbQBpAG4AaQBzAHQAcgBhAHQAbwByAFcASQBOADIAMAAwADMALQBQAEMAg7v6JYS/3bAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAArE2xu3xDN3w0LmV1yUkDkrqVWhb2wg27
3.3.6. 服务端验证通过，返回资源
用户端登录的用户名和密码正好能匹配到服务端的一个用户和密码，验证通过。
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Date: Wed, 14 Nov 2007 12:35:41 GMT
Server: Microsoft-IIS/6.0
X-Powered-By: ASP.NET
X-AspNet-Version: 2.0.50727
Cache-Control: private
Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8
Content-Length: 522
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" >
<head><title>
.Untitled Page
</title></head>
<body>
<form method="post" action="default.aspx">
<div>
<input name="__VIEWSTATE" value="/wEPDwUJNzgzNDMwNTMzZGTcefU2sz1MLsbXiZdUEXomIyZ20Q==" />
</div>
<div>
This is a simple page!</div>
</form>
</body>
</html>
4、 客户端和服务器都在同一域中
服务器和客户端机器在同一个局域网中，并同在一个域中。客户端IE请求服务端IIS的一个页面iisstart.htm。
IIS服务端设置：
l 不启用匿名访问
l 只启用集成windows身份验证
这样的环境下又范围以下几种情况：
4.1. 客户端用机ip访问服务器
4.1.1. 客户端IE申请页面
GET /iisstart.htm HTTP/1.1
Accept: */*
Accept-Language: zh-cn
UA-CPU: x86
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.2; SV1; .NET CLR 1.1.4322; InfoPath.1; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; MAXTHON 2.0)
Host: 192.168.100.5:81
Connection: Keep-Alive
4.1.2. 服务端返回无授权回应
IIS的设置不允许匿名访问，只能windows验证，所以发送401无授权回应，同时发回Negotiate和NTLM两个身份验证头让客户端选择。
HTTP/1.1 401 Unauthorized
Content-Length: 1327
Content-Type: text/html
Server: Microsoft-IIS/6.0
WWW-Authenticate: Negotiate
WWW-Authenticate: NTLM
X-Powered-By: ASP.NET
Date: Wed, 14 Nov 2007 07:23:43 GMT
4.1.3. 客户端选择NTLM验证，要求输入用户名密码，请求质询码
由于使用的是ip地址访问服务器，URL中包含有”.”字符，IE认为访问的不是企业内部服务器，所以不直接提供用户凭据给服务端，要求用户输入帐户
GET /iisstart.htm HTTP/1.1
Accept: */*
Accept-Language: zh-cn
UA-CPU: x86
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.2; SV1; .NET CLR 1.1.4322; InfoPath.1; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; MAXTHON 2.0)
Host: 192.168.100.5:81
Connection: Keep-Alive
Authorization: Negotiate TlRMTVNTUAABAAAAB4IIogAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAFAs4OAAAAD4==
4.1.4. 服务器返回质询码
HTTP/1.1 401 Unauthorized
Content-Length: 1251
Content-Type: text/html
Server: Microsoft-IIS/6.0
WWW-Authenticate: Negotiate TlRMTVNTUAACAAAACgAKADgAAAAFgomiF0CRjzLrr+cAAAAAAAAAAHwAfABCAAAABQLODgAAAA9TAFoAQgBUAEkAAgAKAFMAWgBCAFQASQABAAgATABPAEcAUwAEABgAcwB6AGIAdABpAC4AZwBvAHYALgBjAG4AAwAiAGwAbwBnAHMALgBzAHoAYgB0AGkALgBnAG8AdgAuAGMAbgAFABgAcwB6AGIAdABpAC4AZwBvAHYALgBjAG4AAAAAAA==
X-Powered-By: ASP.NET
Date: Wed, 14 Nov 2007 07:24:15 GMT
4.1.5. 客户端发送使用前面输入账户的密码加密后的质询码
GET /iisstart.htm HTTP/1.1
Accept: */*
Accept-Language: zh-cn
UA-CPU: x86
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.2; SV1; .NET CLR 1.1.4322; InfoPath.1; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; MAXTHON 2.0)
Host: 192.168.100.5:81
Connection: Keep-Alive
Authorization: Negotiate TlRMTVNTUAADAAAAGAAYAHYAAAAYABgAjgAAABoAGgBIAAAACgAKAGIAAAAKAAoAbAAAAAAAAACmAAAABYKIogUCzg4AAAAPMQA5ADIALgAxADYAOAAuADEAMAAwAC4ANQBqAGkAbgBqAHoASgBJAE4ASgBaALVaV8Ku0ERuAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAFowQcbaUXykWTrI7WJKQUA2taaV7wo5T2==
4.1.6. 服务端验证通过，返回资源
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Content-Length: 1135
Content-Type: text/html
Last-Modified: Mon, 12 Nov 2007 09:33:27 GMT
Accept-Ranges: bytes
ETag: "d
Server: Microsoft-IIS/6.0
X-Powered-By: ASP.NET
Date: Wed, 14 Nov 2007 07:24:15 GMT
<html>
<head>
<meta HTTP-EQUIV="Content-Type" Content="text/html; charset=gb2312">
</head>
<body bgcolor=white>
This is a simple page!
</body>
</html>
4.2. 客户端用机器名访问服务器，客户端用户以域账户登录
4.2.1. 客户端IE申请页面
GET /iisstart.htm HTTP/1.1
Accept: */*
Accept-Language: zh-cn
UA-CPU: x86
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.2; SV1; .NET CLR 1.1.4322; InfoPath.1; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; MAXTHON 2.0)
Host: logs:81
Connection: Keep-Alive
4.2.2. 服务端返回无授权回应
HTTP/1.1 401 Unauthorized
Content-Length: 1327
Content-Type: text/html
Server: Microsoft-IIS/6.0
WWW-Authenticate: Negotiate
WWW-Authenticate: NTLM
X-Powered-By: ASP.NET
Date: Wed, 14 Nov 2007 08:27:18 GMT
4.2.3. 客户端选择Kerberos验证，发送验证票到服务端
客户端在域中，并且以域账户登录，所以客户端IE选择使用Kerberos身份验证，发送与用户的验证票到服务端。
GET /iisstart.htm HTTP/1.1
Accept: */*
Accept-Language: zh-cn
UA-CPU: x86
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.2; SV1; .NET CLR 1.1.4322; InfoPath.1; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; MAXTHON 2.0)
Host: logs:81
Connection: Keep-Alive
Authorization: Negotiate YIIEzQYGKwYBBQUCoIIEwTCCBL2gJDAiBgkqhkiC9xIBAgIGCSqGSIb3EgECAgYKKwYBBAGCNwICCqKCBJMEggSPYIIEiwYJKoZIhvcSAQICAQBuggR6MIIEdqADAgEFoQMCAQ6iBwMFACAAAACjggOiYYIDnjCCA5qgAwIBBaEOGwxTWkJUSS5HT1YuQ06iFzAVoAMCAQKhDjAMGwRIVFRQGwRsb2dzo4IDaDCCA2SgAwIBF6EDAgEMooIDVgSCA1IeN8fZeLtzkw+5H8HOKmM8zgDOVL5GmeXoS8dMgE20RtI14EVWWZLn2j0AMXTqMOA550Grsadh89vZ89+6vprkVL0v49FM+gxHFCmZSOvLTIawBqXvLU6w1Pni8PN1pbhOKCRVON6+5XH4MN8Rfuqpyy
4.2.4. 服务端验证通过，返回资源
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Content-Length: 167
Content-Type: text/html
Last-Modified: Wed, 14 Nov 2007 08:21:24 GMT
Accept-Ranges: bytes
ETag: "bf2d
Server: Microsoft-IIS/6.0
X-Powered-By: ASP.NET
WWW-Authenticate: Negotiate oYGgMIGdoAMKAQChCwYJKoZIgvcSAQICooGIBIGFYIGCBgkqhkiG9xIBAgICAG9zMHGgAwIBBaEDAgEPomUwY6ADAgEXolwEWrdYWb37ROEMMnP/4vTBwSe9hVe4XklXCWqFKG16d53aBUiTEem+lrFE8ycBgSln3zme63lKfSn9UHoNTlT100T86wxllsyrrMe437ElPcxI4pgcv9rNKU9aKg==
Date: Wed, 14 Nov 2007 08:27:18 GMT
<html>
<head>
<meta HTTP-EQUIV="Content-Type" Content="text/html; charset=gb2312">
</head>
<body bgcolor=white>
This is a simple page!
</body>
</html>
4.3. 客户端用机器名访问服务器，客户端用户以客户端本地用户登录，用户名/口令跟服务器账户不匹配
4.3.1. 客户端IE申请页面
GET /iisstart.htm HTTP/1.1
Accept: image/gif, image/x-xbitmap, image/jpeg, image/pjpeg, application/vnd.ms-excel, application/vnd.ms-powerpoint, application/msword, application/x-shockwave-flash, application/x-silverlight, */*
Accept-Language: zh-cn
UA-CPU: x86
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.2; SV1; .NET CLR 1.1.4322; InfoPath.1; .NET CLR 2.0.50727)
Host: logs:81
Connection: Keep-Alive
4.3.2. 服务端返回无授权回应
HTTP/1.1 401 Unauthorized
Content-Length: 1327
Content-Type: text/html
Server: Microsoft-IIS/6.0
WWW-Authenticate: Negotiate
WWW-Authenticate: NTLM
X-Powered-By: ASP.NET
Date: Wed, 14 Nov 2007 08:58:13 GMT
4.3.3. 客户端选择NTLM验证，请求质询码
GET /iisstart.htm HTTP/1.1
Accept: image/gif, image/x-xbitmap, image/jpeg, image/pjpeg, application/vnd.ms-excel, application/vnd.ms-powerpoint, application/msword, application/x-shockwave-flash, application/x-silverlight, */*
Accept-Language: zh-cn
UA-CPU: x86
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.2; SV1; .NET CLR 1.1.4322; InfoPath.1; .NET CLR 2.0.50727)
Host: logs:81
Connection: Keep-Alive
Authorization: Negotiate TlRMTVNTUAABAAAAB4IIogAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAFAs4OAAAADw==
4.3.4. 服务器返回质询码
HTTP/1.1 401 Unauthorized
Content-Length: 1251
Content-Type: text/html
Server: Microsoft-IIS/6.0
WWW-Authenticate: Negotiate TlRMTVNTUAACAAAACgAKADgAAAAFgomibnmMcRgPlTMAAAAAAAAAAHwAfABCAAAABQLODgAAAA9TAFoAQgBUAEkAAgAKAFMAWgBCAFQASQABAAgATABPAEcAUwAEABgAcwB6AGIAdABpAC4AZwBvAHYALgBjAG4AAwAiAGwAbwBnAHMALgBzAHoAYgB0AGkALgBnAG8AdgAuAGMAbgAFABgAcwB6AGIAdABpAC4AZwBvAHYALgBjAG4AAAAAAA==
X-Powered-By: ASP.NET
Date: Wed, 14 Nov 2007 08:58:13 GMT
4.3.5. 客户端发送用登陆本机的账户加密后的质询码
GET /iisstart.htm HTTP/1.1
Accept: image/gif, image/x-xbitmap, image/jpeg, image/pjpeg, application/vnd.ms-excel, application/vnd.ms-powerpoint, application/msword, application/x-shockwave-flash, application/x-silverlight, */*
Accept-Language: zh-cn
UA-CPU: x86
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.2; SV1; .NET CLR 1.1.4322; InfoPath.1; .NET CLR 2.0.50727)
Host: logs:81
Connection: Keep-Alive
Authorization: Negotiate TlRMTVNTUAADAAAAGAAYAHYAAAAYABgAjgAAAAoACgBIAAAAGgAaAFIAAAAKAAoAbAAAAAAAAACmAAAABYKIogUCzg4AAAAPSgBJAE4ASgBaAEEAZABtAGkAbgBpAHMAdAByAGEAdABvAHIASgBJAE4ASgBaACY8afODxKsFAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAPfRbw7FX9gKolM+6+QhqsRU+MWS3jKLkQ==
4.3.6. 服务端返回无授权回应
HTTP/1.1 401 Unauthorized
Content-Length: 1251
Content-Type: text/html
Server: Microsoft-IIS/6.0
WWW-Authenticate: Negotiate
WWW-Authenticate: NTLM
X-Powered-By: ASP.NET
Date: Wed, 14 Nov 2007 08:58:13 GMT
4.3.7. 客户端及选选择NTLM验证，要求输入用户名和口令，再次请求质询码
GET /iisstart.htm HTTP/1.1
Accept: image/gif, image/x-xbitmap, image/jpeg, image/pjpeg, application/vnd.ms-excel, application/vnd.ms-powerpoint, application/msword, application/x-shockwave-flash, application/x-silverlight, */*
Accept-Language: zh-cn
UA-CPU: x86
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.2; SV1; .NET CLR 1.1.4322; InfoPath.1; .NET CLR 2.0.50727)
Host: logs:81
Connection: Keep-Alive
Authorization: Negotiate TlRMTVNTUAABAAAAB4IIogAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAFAs4OAAAADw==
4.3.8. 服务端返回质询码
HTTP/1.1 401 Unauthorized
Content-Length: 1251
Content-Type: text/html
Server: Microsoft-IIS/6.0
WWW-Authenticate: Negotiate TlRMTVNTUAACAAAACgAKADgAAAAFgomi3CZKUW4302QAAAAAAAAAAHwAfABCAAAABQLODgAAAA9TAFoAQgBUAEkAAgAKAFMAWgBCAFQASQABAAgATABPAEcAUwAEABgAcwB6AGIAdABpAC4AZwBvAHYALgBjAG4AAwAiAGwAbwBnAHMALgBzAHoAYgB0AGkALgBnAG8AdgAuAGMAbgAFABgAcwB6AGIAdABpAC4AZwBvAHYALgBjAG4AAAAAAA==
X-Powered-By: ASP.NET
Date: Wed, 14 Nov 2007 08:59:09 GMT
4.3.9. 客户端发送使用前面输入账户的密码加密后的质询码
GET /iisstart.htm HTTP/1.1
Accept: image/gif, image/x-xbitmap, image/jpeg, image/pjpeg, application/vnd.ms-excel, application/vnd.ms-powerpoint, application/msword, application/x-shockwave-flash, application/x-silverlight, */*
Accept-Language: zh-cn
UA-CPU: x86
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.2; SV1; .NET CLR 1.1.4322; InfoPath.1; .NET CLR 2.0.50727)
Host: logs:81
Connection: Keep-Alive
Authorization: Negotiate TlRMTVNTUAADAAAAGAAYAHYAAAAYABgAjgAAAAoACgBIAAAAGgAaAFIAAAAKAAoAbAAAAAAAAACmAAAABYKIogUCzg4AAAAPSgBJAE4ASgBaAGEAZABtAGkAbgBpAHMAdAByAGEAdABvAHIASgBJAE4ASgBaAIP0UwZaV4tAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAMS
4.3.10. 服务端验证通过，返回资源
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Content-Length: 167
Content-Type: text/html
Last-Modified: Wed, 14 Nov 2007 08:21:24 GMT
Accept-Ranges: bytes
ETag: "bf2d
Server: Microsoft-IIS/6.0
X-Powered-By: ASP.NET
Date: Wed, 14 Nov 2007 08:59:09 GMT
<html>
<head>
<meta HTTP-EQUIV="Content-Type" Content="text/html; charset=gb2312">
</head>
<body bgcolor=white>
This is a simple page!
</body>
</html>
4.4. 客户端用机器名访问服务器，客户端用户以客户端本地用户登录，用户名/口令跟服务器账户匹配
4.4.1. 客户端IE申请页面
GET /iisstart.htm HTTP/1.1
Accept: image/gif, image/x-xbitmap, image/jpeg, image/pjpeg, application/vnd.ms-excel, application/vnd.ms-powerpoint, application/msword, application/x-shockwave-flash, application/x-silverlight, */*
Accept-Language: zh-cn
UA-CPU: x86
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.2; SV1; .NET CLR 1.1.4322; InfoPath.1; .NET CLR 2.0.50727)
Host: logs:81
Connection: Keep-Alive
4.4.2. 服务端返回无授权回应
HTTP/1.1 401 Unauthorized
Content-Length: 1327
Content-Type: text/html
Server: Microsoft-IIS/6.0
WWW-Authenticate: Negotiate
WWW-Authenticate: NTLM
X-Powered-By: ASP.NET
Date: Wed, 14 Nov 2007 09:11:09 GMT
4.4.3. 客户端选择NTLM验证，请求质询码
GET /iisstart.htm HTTP/1.1
Accept: image/gif, image/x-xbitmap, image/jpeg, image/pjpeg, application/vnd.ms-excel, application/vnd.ms-powerpoint, application/msword, application/x-shockwave-flash, application/x-silverlight, */*
Accept-Language: zh-cn
UA-CPU: x86
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.2; SV1; .NET CLR 1.1.4322; InfoPath.1; .NET CLR 2.0.50727)
Host: logs:81
Connection: Keep-Alive
Authorization: Negotiate TlRMTVNTUAABAAAAB4IIogAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAFAs4OAAAADw==
4.4.4. 服务器返回质询码
HTTP/1.1 401 Unauthorized
Content-Length: 1251
Content-Type: text/html
Server: Microsoft-IIS/6.0
WWW-Authenticate: Negotiate TlRMTVNTUAACAAAACgAKADgAAAAFgomil8OZAC0QBhYAAAAAAAAAAHwAfABCAAAABQLODgAAAA9TAFoAQgBUAEkAAgAKAFMAWgBCAFQASQABAAgATABPAEcAUwAEABgAcwB6AGIAdABpAC4AZwBvAHYALgBjAG4AAwAiAGwAbwBnAHMALgBzAHoAYgB0AGkALgBnAG8AdgAuAGMAbgAFABgAcwB6AGIAdABpAC4AZwBvAHYALgBjAG4AAAAAAA==
X-Powered-By: ASP.NET
Date: Wed, 14 Nov 2007 09:11:09 GMT
4.4.5. 客户端发送用登陆本机的账户加密后的质询码
GET /iisstart.htm HTTP/1.1
Accept: image/gif, image/x-xbitmap, image/jpeg, image/pjpeg, application/vnd.ms-excel, application/vnd.ms-powerpoint, application/msword, application/x-shockwave-flash, application/x-silverlight, */*
Accept-Language: zh-cn
UA-CPU: x86
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.2; SV1; .NET CLR 1.1.4322; InfoPath.1; .NET CLR 2.0.50727)
Host: logs:81
Connection: Keep-Alive
Authorization: Negotiate TlRMTVNTUAADAAAAGAAYAHYAAAAYABgAjgAAAAoACgBIAAAAGgAaAFIAAAAKAAoAbAAAAAAAAACmAAAABYKIogUCzg4AAAAPSgBJAE4ASgBaAEEAZABtAGkAbgBpAHMAdAByAGEAdABvAHIASgBJAE4ASgBaAMQdxp9OWMESAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAMEj775cWctAx2Csmbgfq2afsGcop92oMA==
4.4.6. 服务端验证通过，返回资源
用户端登录的用户名和密码正好能匹配到服务端的一个用户和密码，验证通过。
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Content-Length: 167
Content-Type: text/html
Last-Modified: Wed, 14 Nov 2007 08:21:24 GMT
Accept-Ranges: bytes
ETag: "bf2d
Server: Microsoft-IIS/6.0
X-Powered-By: ASP.NET
Date: Wed, 14 Nov 2007 09:11:09 GMT
<html>
<head>
<meta HTTP-EQUIV="Content-Type" Content="text/html; charset=gb2312">
</head>
<body bgcolor=white>
This is a simple page!
</body>
</html>
5、 集成验证总结
5.1. 客户端以ip地址访问服务器
不管客户端跟服务器是否在域、也不管客户端是否以域帐号登陆，只要客户端以ip地址访问服务器，那么客户端就会选择NTLM方式验证，并且不会直接发送客户端登录用户的用户名和密码给服务器，而是会弹出一个对话框要求用户输入用户名和口令，然后发送到服务端验证。
您可以避免在使用 IP 地址或名称中包含句点的企业内部网服务器上出现这种提示，方法是，在 Internet Explorer 的“本地 Intranet”设置中，列出包含 IP 地址的服务器，或是列出包含句点的服务器名称。可以通过依次单击“工具”、“Internet 选项”、“本地 Intranet”、“站点”、“高级”来访问“本地 Intranet”设置部分。然后在“将该网站添加到区域中”输入 http://127.0.0.1 或其他相关站点的 URL。
下面总结的都是在客户端以机器名访问服务器的情况。
5.2. 服务器在域，客户端以域帐号登陆
如果客户端的机器在域中，同时登陆用户又是以域用户登录，那么IE选择Kerberos验证方式。
5.3. 其他情况IE都选择采用NTLM验证方式。
出来上述的两种情况，其他情况，客户端都选择NTLM验证，并首先尝试把登录客户端用户的用户名和密码传送给服务器验证，如果验证通过了，被直接授权访问；如果验证没通过，客户端弹出对话框要求输入用户名和密码，然后再传送到服务端验证，直到验证通过。
集成 Windows 身份验证Kerberos的验证方式是 Intranet 环境中最好的身份验证方案，在这种用户拥有 Windows 域帐户，Kerberos验证不在网络上传递用户密码，只用传送一个用户验证票。NTLM要传送用户的密码，但是密码经过处理后派生出一个8字节的key加密质询码，也是比较安全的。
四、 基本身份验证
客户端IE请求服务端IIS的一个页面iisstart.htm。
IIS服务端设置：
l 不启用匿名访问
l 只启用基本身份验证
1、 客户端IE申请页面
GET /iisstart.htm HTTP/1.1
Accept: */*
Accept-Language: zh-cn
UA-CPU: x86
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.2; SV1; .NET CLR 1.1.4322; InfoPath.1; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; MAXTHON 2.0)
Host: logs:81
Connection: Keep-Alive
2、 服务端返回无授权回应，并告知客户端要求基本身份验证
服务端设置的基本身份验证，所以这里返回的无授权回应的http头中包含 WWW-Authenticate: Basic 头，告诉客户端，服务端要求的是基本身份验证
HTTP/1.1 401 Unauthorized
Content-Length: 1327
Content-Type: text/html
Server: Microsoft-IIS/6.0
WWW-Authenticate: Basic realm="logs"
X-Powered-By: ASP.NET
Date: Mon, 19 Nov 2007 06:15:57 GMT
3、 客户端弹出对话框要求输入用户名和密码
GET /iisstart.htm HTTP/1.1
Accept: */*
Accept-Language: zh-cn
UA-CPU: x86
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.2; SV1; .NET CLR 1.1.4322; InfoPath.1; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; MAXTHON 2.0)
Host: logs:81
Connection: Keep-Alive
Authorization: Basic YWRtaW5pc3RyYXRvcjpzemJ0aUAxMDA1
客户端把用户名和密码转换成base64编码后，直接发送到服务端。
发送到服务器的“Authorization: Basic”头里面的“YWRtaW5pc3RyYXRvcjpzemJ0aUAxMDA
4、 服务端验证通过，返回资源
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Content-Length: 167
Content-Type: text/html
Last-Modified: Wed, 14 Nov 2007 08:21:24 GMT
Accept-Ranges: bytes
ETag: "bf2d
Server: Microsoft-IIS/6.0
X-Powered-By: ASP.NET
Date: Mon, 19 Nov 2007 06:16:34 GMT
<html>
<head>
<meta HTTP-EQUIV="Content-Type" Content="text/html; charset=gb2312">
</head>
<body bgcolor=white>
This is a simple page!
</body>
</html>
