International Standards Terminology（国际标准术语）
国际标准的流程步骤
Stage 0 (preliminary): A study period is under way
Stage 1 (proposal): An NP is under consideration
Stage 2 (preparatory): A WD is under consideration
Stage 3 (committee): A CD is under consideration
Stage 4 (approval): An FDIS is under consideration
Stage 5 (publication): An International Standard is being prepared for publication
More details:http://www.iso.org/iso/standards_development/processes_and_procedures/stages_description/stages_table.htm
CD到FDIS中间还有一个DIS(Draft International Standard).
具体的术语介绍
Working Draft (WD)
This is the first stage that a document goes through, during which it is still a purely internal document to the Working Group that is responsible for it.
Committee Draft (CD)
This is the first public form of a proposed international standard. A Working Draft must first be formally registered as a Committee Draft, as a result of a 3-month letter ballot amongst the Participating Member Bodies of the Sub-Committee to whom the Working Group that has produced the document is responsible. In the case of Programming Language standards this is JTC1/SC22.
Once a Committee Draft has been registered it must be approved by a further 3-month letter ballot amongst the Participating Member Bodies of the Sub-Committee. If any countries vote against approval then attempts must be made to modify the document in such a way as to satisfy the objections of the negative voters. Successive CD approval ballots will be held until either consensus has been reached or, if this is not possible, a majority of countries, according to the rules laid down in the JTC1 Directives, are in favour. Approval of the Final Committee Draft requires a slightly longer, 4-month, ballot, as this is the last time that any changes may be made to the document.
It is permissible for both the registration and approval ballots to be carried out simultaneously, and this is the approach that is normally used with Programming Language standards.
Final Committee Draft (CD)
This is the final public form of the Committee Draft of a proposed international standard, and must be identified as such before being submitted for a 4-month approval ballot amongst the Participating Member Bodies of the Sub-Committee.
Once a Final Committee Draft has been approved it is submitted to JTC1 for a 2-month Final Draft International Standard approval ballot.
Final Draft International Standard (FDIS)
This is the final form of a proposed standard before it is adopted as an International Standard. An approved Final Committee Draft, modified as necessary to accomodate comments submitted by National Bodies during, or after, the approval ballot, is first be registered as a Final Draft International Standard, and then submitted to a two-month letter ballot amongst Participating Member Bodies of JTC1.
Votes in the FDIS approval ballot may only be Approve or Disapprove.
If the FDIS is approved then it is published as an International Standard. However, if it is not approved then it must return to the Committee Draft stage and be approved by one or more CD ballots, including an FCD ballot, before being resubmitted for FDIS approval.
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC)
This is a non-governmental federation of national committees from around 50 countries, representing all the industrial countries in the world. It was established in 1906 to "promote international cooperation on all questions of standardization and related matters in the fields of electrical and electronic engineering and thus to promote international understanding."
To accomplish its task IEC publishes International Standards and Technical Reports.
Further information about IEC may be found in its own pages on the World Wide Web.
In 1976 IEC and ISO signed an agreement of cooperation, particularly in the field of Information Technology where a Joint Technical Committee (JTC1) was established to oversee all work in this area.
International Organization for Standardization (ISO)
This is a non-governmental, world-wide federation of national standards bodies from some 100 countries, one per country, which was established in 1947 to "promote the development of standardization and related activities in the world with a view to facilitating the international exchange of goods and services, and to developing cooperation in the spheres of intelectual, scientific, technological and economic activity."
ISO's work results in international agreements which are published as International Standards.
Further information about ISO may be found in its own pages on the World Wide Web.
In 1976 ISO and IEC signed an agreement of cooperation, particularly in the field of Information Technology where a Joint Technical Committee (JTC1) was established to oversee all work in this area.
