python 构建和解析邮件

用python写传统的邮件

 

from email.mime.text import MIMEText
message = ''' hello jason
it is a test mail
please accept it'''

msg = MIMEText(message)
msg['To'] = 'xxxxx@qq.com'
msg['From'] = 'jason <mjzheng@xxxxx.com>'
msg['Subject'] = 'test mail'

print msg.as_string()

结果：

 

 

Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
To: xxxxx@qq.com
From: jason <mjzheng@xxxxx.com>
Subject: test mail

 hello jason
it is a test mail
please accept it

默认添加了3个头部Content-Type，MIME-Version，Content-Transfer-Encoding，而且也已经排好了版，这样的邮件，如果理解发送是可以的。如果想延迟发送的话，最好还是要加上Date和Message-ID头部，可以通过下面的方式来添加。

 

from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email import Utils
message = ''' hello jason
it is a test mail
please accept it'''

msg = MIMEText(message)
msg['To'] = 'xxxxx@qq.com'
msg['From'] = 'jason <mjzheng@xxxxx.com>'
msg['Subject'] = 'test mail'
msg['Date'] = Utils.formatdate(localtime=1)
msg['Message-ID'] = Utils.make_msgid()  

print msg.as_string()

 

结果：

 

Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
To: xxxxx9@qq.com
From: jason <mjzheng@xxxxx.com>
Subject: test mail
Date: Wed, 27 Mar 2013 11:48:59 +0800
Message-ID: <20130327034859.14284.670@ZGC-20121219ZKJ>

 hello jason
it is a test mail
please accept it

这样的邮件就可以正确的被发送了

 

解析邮件

 

import sys,email

msg = email.message_from_file(sys.stdin)
print "*** Headers in message: "
for header,value in msg.items():
    print header+":"
    print " "+value
if msg.is_multipart():
    print "mail is MIME type, can't resolve it."
    sys.exit(1)
else:
    print "-" * 78
    if 'subject' in msg:
        print "Subject: ",msg['subject']
        print "-" * 78
    print "Message body:"
    print
    print msg.get_payload()

把邮件显示结果写入到一个mail.txt文件中。

 

from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email import Utils

message = ''' hello jason
it is a test mail
please accept it'''

msg = MIMEText(message)
msg['To'] = 'xxxxx@qq.com'
msg['From'] = 'jason <mjzheng@xxxxx.com>'
msg['Subject'] = 'test mail'
msg['Date'] = Utils.formatdate(localtime=1)
msg['Message-ID'] = Utils.make_msgid()  
fd = open('mail.txt','w')
fd.write(msg.as_string()) 
fd.close()

 

通过这个把刚刚显示出来的邮件，以一种更可读的方式显示出来，如下图：

 

构造MIME邮件

上面说的都是些纯文本邮件，那么如何才能让邮件发送非纯文本邮件呢，这个就设计到了MIME，大家可以跟着到google查一下。

提几个重点步骤吧！

1. 建立一个MIMEMultipart()对象，设置邮件的header。

2.为邮件部分内容建立一个MIMEText()对象，把它放到MIMEMultipart()对象中。

3.为每一个附件，建立一个合适的MIME对象，也把他放到MIMEMultipart()对象中。

4.调用MIMEMultipart()对象中的as_string()函数来得到作为结果的邮件。

下面我们就用python来构造MIME格式的邮件，这个是可以添加附件的邮件格式。

email_mime.py

 

from email import Utils,Encoders
import mimetypes,sys
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
from email.mime.base import MIMEBase

def attachment(filename):
    fd = open(filename,'rb')
    mimetype,mimeencoding = mimetypes.guess_type(filename)
    if mimetype or (mimeencoding is None):
        mimetype = 'application/octet-stream'
    maintype,subtype = mimetype.split('/')
    if maintype == 'text':
        retval = MIMEText(fd.read(),_subtype=subtype)
    else:
        retval = MIMEBase(maintype,subtype)
        retval.set_payload(fd.read())
        Encoders.encode_base64(retval)
    retval.add_header('Content-Disposition','attachment',filename = filename)
    fd.close()
    return retval

message = ''' hello jason
it is a test mail
please accept it'''

msg = MIMEMultipart()
msg['To'] = 'xxxxx@qq.com'
msg['From'] = 'jason <mjzheng@xxxxx.com>'
msg['Subject'] = 'test mail'
msg['Date'] = Utils.formatdate(localtime=1)
msg['Message-ID'] = Utils.make_msgid()

body = MIMEText(message)
msg.attach(body)
for filename in sys.argv[1:]:
    msg.attach(attachment(filename))
print msg.as_string()

 

 

运行脚本（这里添加了mail.txt和Loadrunner.rar作为附件）：

python email_mime.py mail.txt Loadrunner.rar > results.txt

 

 

Content-Type: multipart/mixed; boundary="===============1228986135=="
MIME-Version: 1.0
To: xxxxx@qq.com
From: jason <mjzheng@xxxxx.com>
Subject: test mail
Date: Wed, 27 Mar 2013 14:31:02 +0800
Message-ID: <20130327063102.12588.91954@ZGC-20121219ZKJ>

--===============1228986135==
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit

 hello jason
it is a test mail
please accept it
--===============1228986135==
Content-Type: application/octet-stream
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64
Content-Disposition: attachment; filename="mail.txt"

Q29udGVudC1UeXBlOiB0ZXh0L3BsYWluOyBjaGFyc2V0PSJ1cy1hc2NpaSINCk1JTUUtVmVyc2lv
bjogMS4wDQpDb250ZW50LVRyYW5zZmVyLUVuY29kaW5nOiA3Yml0DQpUbzogeHh4eHhAcXEuY29t
DQpGcm9tOiBqYXNvbiA8bWp6aGVuZ0B4eHh4eC5jb20+DQpTdWJqZWN0OiB0ZXN0IG1haWwNCkRh
dGU6IFdlZCwgMjcgTWFyIDIwMTMgMTI6NTU6MTMgKzA4MDANCk1lc3NhZ2UtSUQ6IDwyMDEzMDMy
NzA0NTUxMy4xMzc1Mi4xNTU1NkBaR0MtMjAxMjEyMTlaS0o+DQoNCiBoZWxsbyBqYXNvbg0KaXQg
aXMgYSB0ZXN0IG1haWwNCnBsZWFzZSBhY2NlcHQgaXQ=
--===============1228986135==
Content-Type: application/octet-stream
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64
Content-Disposition: attachment; filename="Loadrunner.rar"

UmFyIRoHAM+QcwAADQAAAAAAAAADJXRAgiwAa0EBAADwAwACkyympH2W+TAdMwwAIAAAAGxtNzAu
ZGxsAAHABhgl1VUMiNXgGmIzJMkmAYExbBsVistY2naRtlsg0LA7YVMAVMTI4OYRSBFoFxyi0UzG
lUgwcmNmHDGnWjaPaFpbR7Ttp37TvaFuWojBDpIVlCVSpGkaxtlt5LmVYqdGNYGfn3esnqzMmtb3
zmeiQG1759/X+NpM5zfN+rWtb1vW9a1vXOfxLX/CefP98+b1vet89MzOYeeL+j/7TGYAFAACay42
...

 

构造成功。

注意这里的Content-Type(内容类型)和Content-Transfer-Encoding(内容传输编码格式)的变化

但是呢，有个问题就是为什么mail.txt文件为什么识别不了呢，应该识别成功text/plian的内容格式啊。

查了一下，发现mimetypes模块是通过调用mimetypes.pyc文件的，查看一下mimetypes.py文件

可以看到

 

knownfiles = [
    "/etc/mime.types",
    "/etc/httpd/mime.types",                    # Mac OS X
    "/etc/httpd/conf/mime.types",               # Apache
    "/etc/apache/mime.types",                   # Apache 1
    "/etc/apache2/mime.types",                  # Apache 2
    "/usr/local/etc/httpd/conf/mime.types",
    "/usr/local/lib/netscape/mime.types",
    "/usr/local/etc/httpd/conf/mime.types",     # Apache 1.2
    "/usr/local/etc/mime.types",                # Apache 1.3
    ]

因为我是在windows环境下运行的，所以当然找不到所识别的mime类型啦