Python模拟浏览器发送http请求
Python模拟浏览器发送http请求
1.使用 urllib2 实现
#! /usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding=utf-8 -*-
import urllib2
url="https://www.baidu.com"
req_header = {"User-Agent":"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1) AppleWebKit/537.11 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/23.0.1271.64 Safari/537.11",
"Accept":"text/html;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8",
"Accept-Charset":"ISO-8859-1,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.3",
"Accept-Encoding":"gzip",
"Connection":"close",
"Referer":None #注意如果依然不能抓取的话，这里可以设置抓取网站的host
}
req_timeout = 5
req = urllib2.Request(url,None,req_header)
resp = urllib2.urlopen(req,None,req_timeout)
html = resp.read()
print(html)
2.使用 requests 模块
（1）.get请求
#-*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import requests
url = "https://www.baidu.com"
payload = {"key1": "value1", "key2": "value2"}
r = requests.get(url, params=payload)
print r.text
（2）.post请求
#-*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import requests
url1 = "http://www.exanple.com/login"#登陆地址
url2 = "http://www.example.com/main"#需要登陆才能访问的地址
data={"user":"user","password":"pass"}
headers = { "Accept":"text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;",
"Accept-Encoding":"gzip",
"Accept-Language":"zh-CN,zh;q=0.8",
"Referer":"http://www.example.com/",
"User-Agent":"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/42.0.2311.90 Safari/537.36"
}
res1 = requests.post(url1, data=data, headers=headers)
res2 = requests.get(url2, cookies=res1.cookies, headers=headers)
print res2.content#获得二进制响应内容
print res2.raw#获得原始响应内容,需要stream=True
print res2.raw.read(50)
print type(res2.text)#返回解码成unicode的内容
print res2.url
print res2.history#追踪重定向
print res2.cookies
print res2.cookies["example_cookie_name"]
print res2.headers
print res2.headers["Content-Type"]
print res2.headers.get("content-type")
print res2.json#讲返回内容编码为json
print res2.encoding#返回内容编码
print res2.status_code#返回http状态码
print res2.raise_for_status()#返回错误状态码
（3）.使用session对象的写法
#-*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import requests
s = requests.Session()
url1 = "http://www.exanple.com/login"#登陆地址
url2 = "http://www.example.com/main"#需要登陆才能访问的地址
data={"user":"user","password":"pass"}
headers = { "Accept":"text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;",
"Accept-Encoding":"gzip",
"Accept-Language":"zh-CN,zh;q=0.8",
"Referer":"http://www.example.com/",
"User-Agent":"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/42.0.2311.90 Safari/537.36"
}
prepped1 = requests.Request("POST", url1,
data=data,
headers=headers
).prepare()
s.send(prepped1)
"""
也可以这样写
res = requests.Request("POST", url1,
data=data,
headers=headers
)
prepared = s.prepare_request(res)
# do something with prepped.body
# do something with prepped.headers
s.send(prepared)
"""
prepare2 = requests.Request("POST", url2,
headers=headers
).prepare()
res2 = s.send(prepare2)
print res2.content
"""另一种写法"""
#-*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import requests
s = requests.Session()
url1 = "http://www.exanple.com/login"#登陆地址
url2 = "http://www.example.com/main"#需要登陆才能访问的页面地址
data={"user":"user","password":"pass"}
headers = { "Accept":"text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;",
"Accept-Encoding":"gzip",
"Accept-Language":"zh-CN,zh;q=0.8",
"Referer":"http://www.example.com/",
"User-Agent":"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/42.0.2311.90 Safari/537.36"
}
res1 = s.post(url1, data=data)
res2 = s.post(url2)
print(resp2.content)
3.其他的一些请求方式
>>> r = requests.put("http://httpbin.org/put")
>>> r = requests.delete("http://httpbin.org/delete")
>>> r = requests.head("http://httpbin.org/get")
>>> r = requests.options("http://httpbin.org/get")
Python实现模拟浏览器请求及会话保持操作示例
更新时间：2018年07月30日 10:05:37 作者：初行 
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我要评论这篇文章主要介绍了Python实现模拟浏览器请求及会话保持操作,结合实例形式分析了Python基于urllib与urllib2模块模拟浏览器请求及cookie保存会话相关操作技巧,需要的朋友可以参考下
本文实例讲述了Python实现模拟浏览器请求及会话保持操作。分享给大家供大家参考，具体如下：
python下读取一个页面的数据可以通过urllib2轻松实现请求
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import urllib2 |
涉及到页面的POST请求操作的话需要提供头信息，提交的post数据和请求页面。
其中的post数据需要urllib.encode()一下，其实就是将字典转换成“data1=value1&data2=value2”的格式。
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import urllibimport urllib2HEADER = { 'User-Agent' : 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; rv:31.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/31.0',}POSTDATA = { 'data1': 'value1', 'data2': 'value2'}enpostdata = urllib.urlencode(POSTDATA)urlrequest = urllib2.Request(hosturl,enpostdata,HEADER)urlresponse = urllib2.urlopen(urlrequest)print urlresponse.read() |
请求之后浏览器会有一个会话保持的过程，会话都是保存在一个cookie里面的，下一次页面的请求会把cookie放到请求头，如果cookie丢失会话也就断开了。
在python下面需要设置一下cookie的保持
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# cookie set# 用来保持会话cj = cookielib.LWPCookieJar()cookie_support = urllib2.HTTPCookieProcessor(cj)opener = urllib2.build_opener(cookie_support, urllib2.HTTPHandler)urllib2.install_opener(opener) |
下面是将以上知识点汇总写的一个库文件，方便使用：
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# filename: analogop.py#!/usr/bin/python# -*-coding:UTF-8 -*-# author: 初行# qq: 121866673# mail: zxbd1016@163.com# message: I need a python job# time: 2014/10/5import urllibimport urllib2import cookielib# cookie set# 用来保持会话cj = cookielib.LWPCookieJar()cookie_support = urllib2.HTTPCookieProcessor(cj)opener = urllib2.build_opener(cookie_support, urllib2.HTTPHandler)urllib2.install_opener(opener)# default headerHEADER = { 'User-Agent' : 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; rv:31.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/31.0',}# operate methoddef geturlopen(hosturl, postdata = {}, headers = HEADER): # encode postdata enpostdata = urllib.urlencode(postdata) # request url urlrequest = urllib2.Request(hosturl, enpostdata, headers) # open url urlresponse = urllib2.urlopen(urlrequest) # return url return urlresponse |
这个是测试文件，因为读者没有测试环境，需要自己搭建或者找个网站测试：
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#filename: test.pyfrom analogop import geturlopenpostd = { 'usernum': '2011411111', 'upw': '124569', 'userip': '192.168.10.1', 'token': 'xxx'}print urlread.read().decode('utf-8')print urlread.read().decode('utf-8') |
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