一篇搞定vue请求和跨域
vue本身不支持发送AJAX请求，需要使用vue-resource、axios等插件实现
axios是一个基本Promise的HTTP请求客户端，用来发送请求，也是vue2.0官方推荐的，同时不再对vue-resource进行更新和维护
axios发送AJAX请求
安装axios
- npm install axios -S
基本用法
- axios([options])
- axios.get(url[,options]) 传参方式：1.通过url 传参 2.通过params选项传参
- axios.post(url,data,[options]) axios默认发送数据时，数据格式是Request Payload（也就是对象传入，后台接收json数据），并非我们常用的Form Data格式（字符串拼接参数的形式传入），所以参数必须要以键值对形式传递，不能以json形式传参，传参方式：
- 自己拼接为键值对
- 使用transformRequest，在请求发送前将请求数据进行转换
- 如果使用模块化开发，可以使用qs模块进行转换
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>发送AJAX请求</title>
<script src="js/vue.js"></script>
<script src="js/axios.min.js"></script>
<script src="js/vue-resource.min.js"></script>
<script>
window.onload=function(){
new Vue({
el:'#itany',
data:{
user:{
// name:'alice',
// age:19
},
uid:''
},
methods:{
send(){
axios({
method:'get',
url:'user.jsonaaa'
}).then(function(resp){
console.log(resp.data);
}).catch(resp => {
// console.log(resp);
console.log('请求失败：'+resp.status+','+resp.statusText);
});
},
sendGet(){
// axios.get('server.php?name=tom&age=23')
axios.get('server.php',{
params:{
name:'alice',
age:19
}
})
.then(resp => {
console.log(resp.data);
}).catch(err => {
console.log('请求失败：'+err.status+','+err.statusText);
});
},
sendPost(){
// axios.post('server.php',{
// name:'alice',
// age:19
// })
// axios.post('server.php','name=alice&age=20&') //方式1
axios.post('server.php',this.user,{
transformRequest:[
function(data){
let params='';
for(let index in data){
params+=index+'='+data[index]+'&';
}
return params;
}
]
})
.then(resp => {
console.log(resp.data);
}).catch(err => {
console.log('请求失败：'+err.status+','+err.statusText);
});
},
getUserById(uid){
axios.get(`https://api.github.com/users/${uid}`)
.then(resp => {
// console.log(resp.data);
this.user=resp.data;
});
},
sendJSONP(){
//https://sug.so.360.cn/suggest?callback=suggest_so&encodein=utf-8&encodeout=utf-8&format=json&fields=word&word=a
this.$http.jsonp('https://sug.so.360.cn/suggest',{
params:{
word:'a'
}
}).then(resp => {
console.log(resp.data.s);
});
},
sendJSONP2(){
//https://sp0.baidu.com/5a1Fazu8AA54nxGko9WTAnF6hhy/su?wd=a&json=1&p=3&sid=1420_21118_17001_21931_23632_22072&req=2&csor=1&cb=jQuery110208075694879886905_1498805938134&_=1498805938138
this.$http.jsonp('https://sp0.baidu.com/5a1Fazu8AA54nxGko9WTAnF6hhy/su',{
params:{
wd:'a'
},
jsonp:'cb' //百度使用的jsonp参数名为cb，所以需要修改
}).then(resp => {
console.log(resp.data.s);
});
}
}
});
}
</script>
</head>
<body>
<div id="itany">
<button @click="send">发送AJAX请求</button>
<button @click="sendGet">GET方式发送AJAX请求</button>
<button @click="sendPost">POST方式发送AJAX请求</button>
<hr>
<br>
GitHub ID： <input type="text" v-model="uid">
<button @click="getUserById(uid)">获取指定GitHub账户信息并显示</button>
<br>
姓名：{{user.name}} <br>
头像：<img :src="user.avatar_url" alt="">
<hr>
<button @click="sendJSONP">向360搜索发送JSONP请求</button>
<button @click="sendJSONP2">向百度搜索发送JSONP请求</button>
</div>
</body>
</html>
另外axios不是全局组件，需要使用时，在每个文件都要引入，如果想达到全局效果，可以在main.js用原型进行绑定Vue.prototype.$http=axios
Proxy代理
对于前后端分离模式下，前端请求后端存在跨域问题，除了后端主动设置允许跨域请求的类型，前端也可使用proxy代理来转发请求实现跨域
项目准备
-
vue init webpack proxy-demo
-
cd proxy-demo
-
npm install
-
npm install axios -S
-
npm run dev
在下面文件下的proxyTable配置代理
'use strict'
// Template version: 1.3.1
// see http://vuejs-templates.github.io/webpack for documentation.
const path = require('path')
module.exports = {
dev: {
// Paths
assetsSubDirectory: 'static',
assetsPublicPath: '/',
proxyTable: {
'/flask-api': {//前端路由匹配模式
target: 'http://localhost:9001', //后端请求服务域名和端口
changeOrigin: true, //设置请求头
pathRewrite: {
'^/flask-api': '/' //路径重写 前端/flask-api 对应 后端/
},
}
},
// Various Dev Server settings
host: 'localhost', // can be overwritten by process.env.HOST
port: 8080, // can be overwritten by process.env.PORT, if port is in use, a free one will be determined
autoOpenBrowser: true, //运行npm run dev 打开浏览器
errorOverlay: true,
notifyOnErrors: true,
poll: false, // https://webpack.js.org/configuration/dev-server/#devserver-watchoptions-
/**
* Source Maps
*/
// https://webpack.js.org/configuration/devtool/#development
devtool: 'cheap-module-eval-source-map',
// If you have problems debugging vue-files in devtools,
// set this to false - it *may* help
// https://vue-loader.vuejs.org/en/options.html#cachebusting
cacheBusting: true,
cssSourceMap: true
},
build: {
// Template for index.html
index: path.resolve(__dirname, '../dist/index.html'),
// Paths
assetsRoot: path.resolve(__dirname, '../dist'),
assetsSubDirectory: 'static',
assetsPublicPath: '/',
/**
* Source Maps
*/
productionSourceMap: true,
// https://webpack.js.org/configuration/devtool/#production
devtool: '#source-map',
// Gzip off by default as many popular static hosts such as
// Surge or Netlify already gzip all static assets for you.
// Before setting to `true`, make sure to:
// npm install --save-dev compression-webpack-plugin
productionGzip: false,
productionGzipExtensions: ['js', 'css'],
// Run the build command with an extra argument to
// View the bundle analyzer report after build finishes:
// `npm run build --report`
// Set to `true` or `false` to always turn it on or off
bundleAnalyzerReport: process.env.npm_config_report
}
}
就拿login举例，前端localhost:8080/flask-api/login --> 后端http://localhost:9001/login，而在用axios发送请求时，不用写localhost:8080,直接写/flask-api/login就可以了
<script>
import axios from "axios";
export default {
name: "App",
mounted() {
axios
.get("/flask-api/task/get")
.then(resp => {
console.log(resp.data);
})
.catch(err => {
console.log("request fail");
});
},
methods: {
send() {
axios
.post("/flask-api/task/get", { "hello": "hello" })
.then(resp => {
console.log('sucees')
// this.$message.success("success");
})
.catch(err => {
console.log(err);
console.log(err.status);
console.log(err.statusText);
console.log("request fail");
});
}
}
};
</script>
其他
axios本身并不支持发送跨域请求，需要使用vue-resource发送跨域请求
安装
- npm install vue-resource -S
基本用法
使用this.$http发送请求
this.$http.get(url, [options])
this.$http.head(url, [options])
this.$http.delete(url, [options])
this.$http.jsonp(url, [options])
this.$http.post(url, [body], [options])
this.$http.put(url, [body], [options])
this.$http.patch(url, [body], [options])
