https://www.jianshu.com/p/c297bd8e4cc7
import requests import urllib.request import http.cookiejar # 1. 登录系统，获取Cookie值 cookiejar = http.cookiejar.CookieJar() #构建一个CookieJar对象实例来保存cookie 【CookieJar是对于Cookie类的一个类似管理类的封装】 handler = urllib.request.HTTPCookieProcessor(cookiejar) #使用HTTPCookieProcessor()来创建cookie处理器对象，参数为CookieJar()对象 opener = urllib.request.build_opener(handler) #通过build_opener()来构建opener # headers、请求登录接口，传递地址和参数 headers = { 'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64; rv:90.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/90.0', 'Accept': 'application/json, text/javascript, */*; q=0.01', 'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip, deflate', 'Accept-Language': 'zh-CN,zh;q=0.8,zh-TW;q=0.7,zh-HK;q=0.5,en-US;q=0.3,en;q=0.2', 'Connection': 'keep-alive', 'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8' } url_login = 'http://xxxx.xxx.xxxx/login' FormData = {'username':'xxxxxxx', 'password':'xxxxx'} #<class 'dict'> postdata = urllib.parse.urlencode(FormData).encode() #<class 'bytes'> request = urllib.request.Request(url_login, postdata) response = opener.open(request) #访问系统地址，访问之后会自动保存cookie到cookiejar中 for item in cookiejar: Cookie = '%s=%s' % (item.name, item.value) headers['Cookie'] = Cookie # 向headers中追加Cookie，没有Cookie值，系统会认为用户尚未登录 # 2. 下载模板文件 url = 'http://xxxx.xxx.xxxx/downloadTemplate?templateName=userTemplate.xlsx' r = requests.get(url, headers=headers) with open("userTemplate.xlsx", "wb") as code: code.write(r.content)
