这个链表是带有表头的双链表。实现链表的一些规范操作,初始化,插入,删除等。包括两个头文件list.h,fatal.h,库函数list.c,测试函数testlist.c。头文件放的都是函数声明,库函数list.c放的的函数的定义。
头文件list.h
1 typedef int ElementType; 2 #ifndef _List_H 3 struct Node; 4 typedef struct Node *PtrToNode; 5 typedef PtrToNode List; 6 typedef PtrToNode Position; 7 #include<stdbool.h> 8 List MakeEmpty(List L); 9 void DeleteList(List L); 10 bool IsEmpty(List L); 11 bool IsLast(Position P, List L); 12 Position Find(ElementType X, List L); 13 void Delete(ElementType X, List L); 14 void Insert(ElementType X, List L,Position P); 15 Position Header(List L); 16 Position First(List L); 17 Position Advance(Position P); 18 Position Front(Position P); 19 ElementType Retrieve(Position P); 20 void PrintList(const List L); 21 void PrintLots(List L, List P); 22 void SwapWithNext(Position P, List L); 23 void SwapWithNoNext(Position P1,Position P2, List L); 24 List IntersectList(List L, List P); 25 List UnionList(Position L, Position P); 26 #endif // !_List_H
头文件fatal.h:
1 #include<stdio.h> 2 #include<stdlib.h> 3 #define Error(Str) FatalError(Str) 4 #define FatalError(Str) fprintf(stderr,"%s\n",Str),exit(1);
库函数list.c:
//引用头文件 #include "list.h" #include<stdlib.h> #include "fatal.h" //结构体定义,一个前指针Pre和一个后指针Next struct Node { ElementType Element; Position Next; Position Prev; }; //初始化链表 List MakeEmpty(List L) { if (L != NULL) DeleteList(L); L = malloc(sizeof(struct Node)); if (L == NULL) FatalError("Out of memory!"); L->Next = NULL; L->Prev = L; return L; } //删除链表 void DeleteList(List L) { Position P, Temp; P = L->Next; L->Next = NULL; while (P != NULL) { Temp = P->Next; free(P); P = Temp; } } //判断链表是否为空 bool IsEmpty(List L) { return L->Next == NULL; } //判断当前指针P是否指向链表最后一个元素 bool IsLast(Position P, List L) { return P->Next == NULL; } //在链表中找元素X,如果返回是NULL说明没找到 Position Find(ElementType X, List L) { Position P; P = L->Next; while (P != NULL && P->Element != X) P = P->Next; return P; } //删除链表中的元素X,若返回NULL,说明在链表中没找到元素X void Delete(ElementType X, List L) { Position P; P = Find(X, L);//if P==NULL,说明没找到 if (P != NULL)//当P不是空指针,说明找到了 { if (!IsLast(P, L)) { P->Prev->Next = P->Next; P->Next->Prev = P->Prev; free(P); } else //最后一个结点特殊处理,最后一个结点p->next无prev { P->Prev->Next = NULL; free(P); } } } //插入元素X到位置P后面 void Insert(ElementType X, List L, Position P) { Position TmpCell; TmpCell = malloc(sizeof(struct Node)); if (TmpCell == NULL) FatalError("Out of Space!!!"); TmpCell->Element = X; TmpCell->Next = P->Next; P->Next = TmpCell; TmpCell->Prev = P; } //获取链表头 Position Header(List L) { return L; } //获取链表第一个元素的位置 Position First(List L) { return L->Next; } //获取位置P的下(后)一个位置 Position Advance(Position P) { return P->Next; } //获取位置P的上(前)一个位置 Position Front(Position P) { return P->Prev; } //提取位置P处结构里面的值 ElementType Retrieve(Position P) { return P->Element; } //打印链表 void PrintList(const List L) { Position P = Header(L); if (IsEmpty(L)) printf("Empty list\n"); else { do { P = Advance(P); printf("%d ", Retrieve(P)); } while (!IsLast(P, L)); printf("\n"); } } //打印链表L中那些由P所指定的位置上的元素。例如P=1,3,4,6,将L //中的第1,第3,第4,第6个元素打印出来 void PrintLots(List L, List P) { int count = 1; Position Lpos, Ppos; Lpos = First(L); Ppos = First(P); while (Lpos != NULL&&Ppos != NULL) { if (Ppos->Element == count++) { printf("%d ", Ppos->Element); Ppos = Advance(Ppos); } Lpos = Advance(Lpos); } } //通过只调整指针来交换两个相邻的元素,P是要调换两个元素中的前一 //个指针 void SwapWithNext(Position P, List L) { Position AfterP;//AfterP是后一个指针 if (P != NULL) { AfterP = Advance(P); if (AfterP != NULL)//下面总共六条语句动六根线(除去if), //前两条动P的一个节点,接下来两条语句动AfterP的后一个节点,最后两条 //语句动P和AfterP两个节点 { P->Prev->Next = AfterP;//先调换P的前一个节点的 //next,让它指向AfterP AfterP->Prev = P->Prev;//再让AfterP的前节点指向P //的前一个节点,这样P的前一个节点就指向好了 if (Advance(AfterP) != NULL)//为了防止After是尾指 //针,如果After是尾指针,则AfterP->Next=NULL,没有前节点,就什么 //都不做 AfterP->Next->Prev = P; // 让AfterP的后一个 //节点的前节点改为指向P; P->Next = AfterP->Next;//P的Next指向AfterP的下一 //个节点 AfterP->Next = P;//AfterP的下一个节点指向P; P->Prev = AfterP;//P的前节点指向After; } } } //通过只调整指针来交换两个不相邻的元素p1和p2 void SwapWithNoNext(Position P1, Position P2, List L)//p1在前,p2 //在后 { Position P1f, P1b, P2f, P2b;//构造四个中间变量,清晰 P1f = P1->Prev; P1b = P1->Next; P2f = P2->Prev; P2b = P2->Next; //八条语句 P1f->Next = P2; P2->Prev = P1f; P2->Next = P1b; P1b->Prev = P2; P2f->Next = P1; P1->Prev = P2f; P1->Next = P2b; if (P2b!=NULL)//如果P2b=NULL,就没有前指针Prev P2b->Prev = P1; } //求两个链表的交集 List IntersectList(List L1, List L2) { List ResultList; Position L1Pos, L2Pos, ResultPos; ResultList = MakeEmpty(NULL); L1Pos = First(L1); L2Pos = First(L2); ResultPos = Header(ResultList); while (L1Pos != NULL&&L2Pos != NULL) { if (L1Pos->Element < L2Pos->Element) L1Pos = Advance(L1Pos); else if (L1Pos->Element > L2Pos->Element) L2Pos = Advance(L2Pos); else { Insert(L1Pos->Element, ResultList, ResultPos); ResultPos = Advance(ResultPos); L1Pos = Advance(L1Pos); L2Pos = Advance(L2Pos); } } return ResultList; } //求两个链表的并集 List UnionList(Position L1, Position L2) { List ResultList; ElementType InsertElement; Position L1Pos, L2Pos, ResultPos; ResultList = MakeEmpty(NULL); L1Pos = First(L1); L2Pos = First(L2); ResultPos = Header(ResultList); while (L1Pos != NULL&&L2Pos != NULL) { if (L1Pos->Element < L2Pos->Element) { InsertElement = L1Pos->Element; L1Pos = Advance(L1Pos); } else if (L1Pos->Element > L2Pos->Element) { InsertElement = L2Pos->Element; L2Pos = Advance(L2Pos); } else { InsertElement = L1Pos->Element; L1Pos = Advance(L1Pos); L2Pos = Advance(L2Pos); } Insert(InsertElement, ResultList, ResultPos); ResultPos = Advance(ResultPos); } while (L1Pos != NULL) { Insert(L1Pos->Element, ResultList, ResultPos); ResultPos = Advance(ResultPos); L1Pos = Advance(L1Pos); } while (L2Pos != NULL) { Insert(L2Pos->Element, ResultList, ResultPos); ResultPos = Advance(ResultPos); L2Pos = Advance(L2Pos); } return ResultList; }
测试函数testlist.c
1 #include<stdio.h> 2 #include "list.h" 3 main() 4 { 5 List L,L1; 6 Position P,P1; 7 int i; 8 L = MakeEmpty(NULL); 9 P = Header(L); 10 PrintList(L); 11 12 L1 = MakeEmpty(NULL); 13 P1 = Header(L1); 14 PrintList(L1); 15 16 17 for (i = 0; i < 50; i+=1) 18 { 19 Insert(i, L, P); 20 //PrintList(L); 21 P = Advance(P); 22 } 23 PrintList(L); 24 printf("\n"); 25 for (i = 1; i < 100; i+=3) 26 { 27 Insert(i, L1, P1); 28 //PrintList(L); 29 P1 = Advance(P1); 30 } 31 PrintList(L1); 32 printf("\n"); 33 34 PrintList(IntersectList(L, L1)); 35 printf("\n"); 36 PrintList(UnionList(L, L1)); 37 //PrintLots(L, L1); 38 39 //SwapWithNext(Advance(Advance(Advance(L))),L);//换头两个元素 40 //SwapWithNoNext(Advance(L), Advance(Advance(Advance(Advance(L)))),L); 41 //for (i = 0; i < 10; i += 2) 42 // Delete(i, L); 43 //for (i = 0; i < 10; i++) 44 //{ 45 // if ((i % 2 == 0) == (Find(i, L) != NULL)) 46 // printf("Find fails\n"); 47 //} 48 //printf("Finished deletions\n"); 49 //PrintList(L); 50 DeleteList(L); 51 DeleteList(L1); 52 return 0; 53 }