Redis和Memcache的区别分析(转)
1. Redis中,并不是所有的数据都一直存储在内存中的,这是和Memcached相比一个最大的区别。
2. Redis不仅仅支持简单的k/v类型的数据,同时还提供list,set,hash等数据结构的存储。
3. Redis支持数据的备份,即master-slave模式的数据备份。
4. Redis支持数据的持久化,可以将内存中的数据保持在磁盘中,重启的时候可以再次加载进行使用。
Redis在很多方面具备数据库的特征,或者说就是一个数据库系统,而Memcached只是简单的K/V缓存
来看下Redis作者对比redis和memcache
来源:《Is memcached a dinosaur in comparison to Redis?》(相比Redis,Memcached真的过时了吗?)
You should not care too much about performances. Redis is faster per core with small values, but memcached is able to use multiple cores with a single executable and TCP port without help from the client. Also memcached is faster with big values in the order of 100k. Redis recently improved a lot about big values (unstable branch) but still memcached is faster in this use case. The point here is: nor one or the other will likely going to be your bottleneck for the query-per-second they can deliver.
没 有必要过多的关心性能,因为二者的性能都已经足够高了。由于Redis只使用单核,而Memcached可以使用多核,所以在比较上,平均每一个核上 Redis在存储小数据时Memcached性能更高。而在100k以上的数据中,Memcached性能要高于Redis,虽然Redis最近也在存储 大数据的性能上进行优化,但是比起Memcached,还是稍有逊色。说了这么多,结论是,无论你使用哪一个,每秒处理请求的次数都不会成为瓶颈。(比如 瓶颈可能会在网卡)
You should care about memory usage. For simple key-value pairs memcached is more memory efficient. If you use Redis hashes, Redis is more memory efficient. Depends on the use case.
如果要说内存使用效率,使用简单的key-value存储的话,Memcached的内存利用率更高,而如果Redis采用hash结构来做key-value存储,由于其组合式的压缩,其内存利用率会高于Memcached。当然,这和你的应用场景和数据特性有关。
You should care about persistence and replication, two features only available in Redis. Even if your goal is to build a cache it helps that after an upgrade or a reboot your data are still there.
如果你对数据持久化和数据同步有所要求,那么推荐你选择Redis,因为这两个特性Memcached都不具备。即使你只是希望在升级或者重启系统后缓存数据不会丢失,选择Redis也是明智的。
You should care about the kind of operations you need. In Redis there are a lot of complex operations, even just considering the caching use case, you often can do a lot more in a single operation, without requiring data to be processed client side (a lot of I/O is sometimes needed). This operations are often as fast as plain GET and SET. So if you don't need just GET/SET but more complex things Redis can help a lot (think at timeline caching).
当 然,最后还得说到你的具体应用需求。Redis相比Memcached来说,拥有更多的数据结构和并支持更丰富的数据操作,通常在Memcached里, 你需要将数据拿到客户端来进行类似的修改再set回去。这大大增加了网络IO的次数和数据体积。在Redis中,这些复杂的操作通常和一般的 GET/SET一样高效。所以,如果你需要缓存能够支持更复杂的结构和操作,那么Redis会是不错的选择。
1、 Redis和Memcache都是将数据存放在内存中,都是内存数据库。不过memcache还可用于缓存其他东西,例如图片、视频等等。