spring常用注解

WEB注解

@Controller 

类/接口上标注,注册一个web请求

源码:

@Target({ElementType.TYPE})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Component
public @interface Controller {

    //用以标注spring beanName 可从spring容器中通过name获取
    String value() default "";

}

使用示例:

@Controller
public class TestController {

    @RequestMapping("/t1")
    @ResponseBody
    public String test(){
        return "just test";
    }

}

@RestController

相当于@Controller和@ResponseBody的整合,返回数据体

源码:

@Target({ElementType.TYPE})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Controller
@ResponseBody
public @interface RestController {
    String value() default "";
}

示例:

@RestController
public class TestController {
    @RequestMapping("/t1")
    public String test(){
        return "just test";
    }
}

@RequestMapping

web请求控制,路径、参数、数据包类型等等

快捷注解:@GetMapping、@PostMapping、@PutMapping、@DeleteMapping、@PatchMapping

@Target({ElementType.METHOD, ElementType.TYPE})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Mapping
public @interface RequestMapping {
    //beanName 若类与方法都有值 则用#连接
    String name() default "";

    //请求路径 若类与方法都有值 则用/连接
    @AliasFor("path")
    String[] value() default {};

    //请求路径 若类与方法都有值 则用/连接
    @AliasFor("value")
    String[] path() default {};

    //请求方法类型:GET, POST, HEAD, OPTIONS, PUT, PATCH, DELETE, TRACE
    //若类与方法都有值 取合集
    RequestMethod[] method() default {};

    //请求参数:eg {"a","b"}
    //若类与方法都有值 取合集
    String[] params() default {};

    //同上
    String[] headers() default {};

    //请求数据类型:
    //如:consumes = {"text/plain", "application/*"}
    String[] consumes() default {};

    //返回数据类型
    //如:consumes = {"text/plain", "application/*"}
    String[] produces() default {};
}

示例:

@RestController
//类上通常只标注路径@RequestMapping("test")
@RequestMapping(path = "test", method = RequestMethod.POST, params = {"a","b"})
public class TestController {

    /**
     * 类上支持POST请求 方法上支持GET请求 合集:支持POST和GET
     * 类上path=test 方法上path=t1 合并:test/t1
     * 类上必有参数{"a","b"} 方法上必有参数{"c"} 合集:{"a","b","c"}
     * @return
     */
    @RequestMapping(path = "t1", method = RequestMethod.GET, params = {"c"})
    public String test(){
        return "just test";
    }
}

@ResponseBody

以JSON形式返回给客户端(浏览器或其他的客户端) 前后端分离项目通常用@RestController注解, 此注解被隐含其中

@Controller
public class TestController {
    @RequestMapping("/t1")
    @ResponseBody
    public String test(){
        return "just test";
    }
}

@RequestBody @RequestParam

 

 

 示例:

@RestController
@RequestMapping("test")
public class TestController {

    @RequestMapping("t1")
    public String test(@RequestBody JsonO jsonO, @RequestParam String password){
        System.out.println(jsonO.toString());
        System.out.println(password);
        return "just test";
    }

    @Setter
    @Getter
    private static class JsonO implements Serializable {
        private Long id;
        private String name;

        @Override
        public String toString(){
            return "id:"+id+",name:"+name;
        }
    }

}

@ControllerAdvice   @ExceptionHandler

主要有三种用途:1、全局异常处理 2、全局数据绑定 3、全局预处理

第2,3种能力实用性不是很强,并且通常可以通过线程缓存和别名处理,侧重说明全局异常处理

全局异常捕捉通常需要搭配全局统一返回,将返回数据封装在WebResponse或者ServiceResponse

@ControllerAdvice
public class ControllerGlobaleExceptionHandler {

    /**
     * 捕捉一般异常
     * @param e
     * @return
     */
    @ExceptionHandler(Exception.class)
    public ServiceResponse exception(Exception e) {
        System.out.println("此处异常抛出:"+e);
        return new ServiceResponse(null);
    }

    /**
     * 捕捉自定义异常
     * @param e
     * @return
     */
    @ExceptionHandler(TestException.class)
    public ServiceResponse bizException(TestException e) {
        System.out.println("此处异常抛出:"+e);
        return new ServiceResponse(null);
    }

}

@WebFilter

WEB过滤器,用的比较普遍的场景 1数据安全性校验 2访问限流 3特定数据抓取 4特定数据设定

这里以第4种为例,根据前端传入token获取访问者信息,然后存入线程缓存中(当然这里也可以验证token是否过期)

过滤器

@Component
@WebFilter(filterName = "userFilter", urlPatterns = { "/*" })
public class UserFilter implements Filter {

    public static final ThreadLocal<String> userDetailThreadLocal = new ThreadLocal<String>();

    @Override
    public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {
        //启动时执行
        System.out.println("过滤器初始化");
    }

    @Override
    public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {
        //模拟查找用户信息 将用户信息放入当前线程
        HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest = (HttpServletRequest)request;
        //从头部信息取出token
        String token = httpServletRequest.getHeader("access-token");
        //token查询用户信息
        String userName = getUserDetailByToken(token);
        //将用户信息存入线程缓存中
        userDetailThreadLocal.set(userName);
        System.out.println("执行过滤");
        //不要忘了执行过滤
        chain.doFilter(request, response);
    }

    private String getUserDetailByToken(String token){
        return "张先生";
    }

    @Override
    public void destroy() {
        System.out.println("过滤器销毁");
    }
}

Controller

@RestController
@RequestMapping("test")
public class TestController {

    @RequestMapping("t1")
    public String test()  {
       //这里获取刚刚过滤器存入线程缓存中的用户信息
       return UserFilter.userDetailThreadLocal.get();
    }
}

@ConfigurationProerties

 使用示例:

启动类开启动态配置:加注解@EnableConfigurationProperties

配置类和配置文件:

@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "datasource")
@Data
public class DataSorceProperties {
    private String url;
    private String name;
    private String driverClass;
 
}



配置文件
datasource.url=http;//dsidojd
datasource.name=user
datasource.driverClass=mysql

 

其他基本注解表:

 

posted @ 2020-05-13 09:57  蟹烟客  阅读(155)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报