IOS页面自动布局 之 NSLayoutConstraint基础篇

使用AutoLayout之前需要知道以下两点:

1.必须设置 translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints为NO。

2.如果是viewControl则AutoLayout适配写在[- updateViewConstraints]中;

 如果是view则AutoLayout适配写在[- updateConstraints]中。

 

 一、要讲解的方法:

 1 /* Create constraints explicitly.  Constraints are of the form "view1.attr1 = view2.attr2 * multiplier + constant" 
 2  If your equation does not have a second view and attribute, use nil and NSLayoutAttributeNotAnAttribute.
 3  */
 4 +(instancetype)constraintWithItem:(id)view1 
 5                         attribute:(NSLayoutAttribute)attr1 
 6                         relatedBy:(NSLayoutRelation)relation 
 7                            toItem:(id)view2
 8                         attribute:(NSLayoutAttribute)attr2 
 9                        multiplier:(CGFloat)multiplier 
10                          constant:(CGFloat)c;        

 

参数说明:

第一个参数 view1: 要设置的视图;

第二个参数 attr1: view1要设置的属性,稍后详解;

第三个参数 relation: 视图view1和view2的指定属性之间的关系,稍后详解;

第四个参数 view2: 参照的视图;

第五个参数 attr2: 参照视图view2的属性,稍后详解;

第六个参数 multiplier: 视图view1的指定属性是参照视图view2制定属性的多少倍;

第七个参数 c: 视图view1的指定属性需要加的浮点数。

 

根据参数的讲解,得出计算公式如下:

view1.attr1 [= , >= , <=] view2.attr2 * multiplier + c;

 

参数详解:

1、NSLayoutAttribute

 1 typedef NS_ENUM(NSInteger, NSLayoutAttribute) {
 2     NSLayoutAttributeLeft = 1, 
 3     NSLayoutAttributeRight,
 4     NSLayoutAttributeTop,
 5     NSLayoutAttributeBottom,
 6     NSLayoutAttributeLeading,
 7     NSLayoutAttributeTrailing,
 8     NSLayoutAttributeWidth,
 9     NSLayoutAttributeHeight,
10     NSLayoutAttributeCenterX,
11     NSLayoutAttributeCenterY,
12     NSLayoutAttributeBaseline,
13     NSLayoutAttributeLastBaseline = NSLayoutAttributeBaseline,
14     NSLayoutAttributeFirstBaseline NS_ENUM_AVAILABLE_IOS(8_0),
15     
16     
17     NSLayoutAttributeLeftMargin NS_ENUM_AVAILABLE_IOS(8_0),
18     NSLayoutAttributeRightMargin NS_ENUM_AVAILABLE_IOS(8_0),
19     NSLayoutAttributeTopMargin NS_ENUM_AVAILABLE_IOS(8_0),
20     NSLayoutAttributeBottomMargin NS_ENUM_AVAILABLE_IOS(8_0),
21     NSLayoutAttributeLeadingMargin NS_ENUM_AVAILABLE_IOS(8_0),
22     NSLayoutAttributeTrailingMargin NS_ENUM_AVAILABLE_IOS(8_0),
23     NSLayoutAttributeCenterXWithinMargins NS_ENUM_AVAILABLE_IOS(8_0),
24     NSLayoutAttributeCenterYWithinMargins NS_ENUM_AVAILABLE_IOS(8_0),
25     
26     NSLayoutAttributeNotAnAttribute = 0
27 };

分三部分解释 NSLayoutAttribute

第一部分:常用的

NSLayoutAttributeLeft: CGRectGetMinX(view.frame);

NSLayoutAttributeRight: CGRectGetMaxX(view.frame);

NSLayoutAttributeTop: CGRectGetMinY(view.frame);

NSLayoutAttributeBottom: CGRectGetMinY(view.frame);

NSLayoutAttributeWidth: CGRectGetWidth(view.frame);

NSLayoutAttributeHeight: CGRectGetHeight(view.frame);

NSLayoutAttributeCenterX: view.center.x;

NSLayoutAttributeCenterY:view.center.y ;

NSLayoutAttributeBaseline: 文本底标线,在大多数视图中等同于NSLayoutAttributeBottom; 在少数视图,如UILabel,是指字母的底部出现的位置;

NSLayoutAttributeLastBaseline: 相当于NSLayoutAttributeBaseline;

NSLayoutAttributeFirstBaseline: 文本上标线;

NSLayoutAttributeNotAnAttribute: None;

 

第二部分: 根据国家使用习惯不同表示的意思不同

NSLayoutAttributeLeading: 在习惯由左向右看的地区,相当于NSLayoutAttributeLeft;在习惯从右至左看的地区,相当于NSLayoutAttributeRight;

NSLayoutAttributeTrailing: 在习惯由左向右看的地区,相当于NSLayoutAttributeRight;在习惯从右至左看的地区,相当于NSLayoutAttributeLeft;

 

第三部分:ios8新增属性,各种间距,具体用法下节介绍

NSLayoutAttributeLeftMargin,

NSLayoutAttributeRightMargin,

NSLayoutAttributeTopMargin,

NSLayoutAttributeBottomMargin,

NSLayoutAttributeLeadingMargin,

NSLayoutAttributeTrailingMargin,

NSLayoutAttributeCenterXWithinMargins,

NSLayoutAttributeCenterYWithinMargins,

 

 从网上找了一张图,标注以上属性

2、NSLayoutRelation

1 typedef NS_ENUM(NSInteger, NSLayoutRelation) {
2     NSLayoutRelationLessThanOrEqual = -1,
3     NSLayoutRelationEqual = 0,
4     NSLayoutRelationGreaterThanOrEqual = 1,
5 };

 NSLayoutRelationLessThanOrEqual: <=;

 NSLayoutRelationEqual: =;

 NSLayoutRelationGreaterThanOrEqual: >=;

 

二、要讲解的方法

1、获取当前view中所有的 NSLayoutConstraint

1 - (NSArray *)constraints NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(6_0);

2、旧版方法,将指定的NSLayoutConstraint添加到页面或者从页面中移除

1 1 - (void)addConstraint:(NSLayoutConstraint *)constraint NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(6_0); // This method will be deprecated in a future release and should be avoided.  Instead, set NSLayoutConstraint's active property to YES.
2 2 - (void)addConstraints:(NSArray *)constraints NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(6_0); // This method will be deprecated in a future release and should be avoided.  Instead use +[NSLayoutConstraint activateConstraints:].
3 3 - (void)removeConstraint:(NSLayoutConstraint *)constraint NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(6_0); // This method will be deprecated in a future release and should be avoided.  Instead set NSLayoutConstraint's active property to NO.
4 4 - (void)removeConstraints:(NSArray *)constraints NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(6_0); // This method will be deprecated in a future release and should be avoided.  Instead use +[NSLayoutConstraint deactivateConstraints:].

3、ios8新加方法,激活或者停用指定约束

1 /* The receiver may be activated or deactivated by manipulating this property.  Only active constraints affect the calculated layout.  Attempting to activate a constraint whose items have no common ancestor will cause an exception to be thrown.  Defaults to NO for newly created constraints. */
2 @property (getter=isActive) BOOL active NS_AVAILABLE(10_10, 8_0);
3 
4 /* Convenience method that activates each constraint in the contained array, in the same manner as setting active=YES. This is often more efficient than activating each constraint individually. */
5 + (void)activateConstraints:(NSArray *)constraints NS_AVAILABLE(10_10, 8_0);
6 
7 /* Convenience method that deactivates each constraint in the contained array, in the same manner as setting active=NO. This is often more efficient than deactivating each constraint individually. */
8 + (void)deactivateConstraints:(NSArray *)constraints NS_AVAILABLE(10_10, 8_0);

 

三、Coding Time

a> 设置视图view1为 宽度=20的正方形

两种写法,第一种 宽度=20,高度=20

1     [self addConstraint:[NSLayoutConstraint constraintWithItem:view1 attribute:NSLayoutAttributeWidth relatedBy:NSLayoutRelationEqual toItem:nil attribute:NSLayoutAttributeNotAnAttribute multiplier:1.0 constant:20]];
2     [self addConstraint:[NSLayoutConstraint constraintWithItem:view1 attribute:NSLayoutAttributeHeight relatedBy:NSLayoutRelationEqual toItem:nil attribute:NSLayoutAttributeNotAnAttribute multiplier:1.0 constant:20]];

 

第二种 宽度=20, 高度=宽度

1     [self addConstraint:[NSLayoutConstraint constraintWithItem:view1 attribute:NSLayoutAttributeWidth relatedBy:NSLayoutRelationEqual toItem:nil attribute:NSLayoutAttributeNotAnAttribute multiplier:1.0 constant:20]];
2     [self addConstraint:[NSLayoutConstraint constraintWithItem:view1 attribute:NSLayoutAttributeHeight relatedBy:NSLayoutRelationEqual toItem:view1 attribute:NSLayoutAttributeWidth multiplier:1.0 constant:0]];

 

第二种方法的优势是,如果想修改view1的大小,只需要修改一处。

b>设置视图view1.frame.origin.x = 视图view2.frame.origin.x

NSLayoutConstraint *leftConstraint = [NSLayoutConstraint constraintWithItem:view1 attribute:NSLayoutAttributeLeft relatedBy:NSLayoutRelationEqual toItem:view2 attribute:NSLayoutAttributeLeft multiplier:1.0 constant:0];

//旧版方法
//[self addConstraint:leftConstraint];

//新版方法1
[NSLayoutConstraint activateConstraints:@[leftConstraint]]; 
//新版方法2
leftConstraint.active = YES;

 

posted @ 2015-07-02 19:33  dhcxyj  阅读(5519)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报