常用正则表达式爬取网页信息及HTML分析总结

Python爬取网页信息时,经常使用的正则表达式及方法。

1.获取<tr></tr>标签之间内容
2.获取<a href..></a>超链接之间内容
3.获取URL最后一个参数命名图片或传递参数
4.爬取网页中所有URL链接
5.爬取网页标题title两种方法
6.定位table位置并爬取属性-属性值
7.过滤<span></span>等标签
8.获取<script></script>等标签内容

 

1). 获取<tr></tr>标签之间内容
开始标签如:<tr>、<th>、<td>、<a>、<table>、<div>...
后缀标签如:</tr>、</th>、</td>、</a>、</table>、</div>...

核心代码:

res_tr = r'<tr>(.*?)</tr>'
m_tr = re.findall(res_tr,language,re.S|re.M)

# eg_v1

import re
language = '''<tr><th>床前明月光</th><td>忧思独伤心</td></tr><tr>'''
# 正则表达式获取<tr></tr>之间内容
res_tr = r"<tr>(.*?)</tr>"
m_tr = re.findall(res_tr,language,re.S|re.M)
print (unicode(m_tr,"utf-8"))
for line in m_tr:
print line
res_th = r"<th>(.*?)</th>"
m_th = re.findall(res_th,line,re.S|re.M)
for mm in m_th:
print (unicode(mm,"utf-8"))
res_td = r"<td>(.*?)</td>"
m_td = re.findall(res_td,line,re.S|re.M)
for nn in m_td:
print (unicode(nn,"utf-8"))

  


2). 获取超链接<a href=..></a>之间内容
在使用正则表达式时,需要分析网页链接,获取URL或网页内容。核心代码如下:

res = r'<a .*?>(.*?)</a>'
mm = re.findall(res, content, re.S|re.M)
urls=re.findall(r"<a.*?href=.*?<\/a>", content, re.I|re.S|re.M)

  

# eg_v2

import re
content = '''
<td>
<a href="https://www.baidu.com/articles/zj.html" title="浙江省">浙江省主题介绍</a>
<a href="https://www.baidu.com//articles/gz.html" title="贵州省">贵州省主题介绍</a>
</td>
'''

  


# 获取<a href></a>之间的内容

res = r'<a .*?>(.*?)</a>'
mm = re.findall(res,content,re.S|re.M)
for value in mm:
print (value)

# 获取所有<a href></a>链接所有内容

urls = re.findall(r"a.*?href=.*?<\/a>",content,re.I|re.S|re.M)
for i in urls:
print i

# 获取<a href></a>中的URL

res_url = r"(?<=href=\").+?(?=\")|(?<=href=\').+?(?=\')"
link = re.findall(res_url,content,re.I|re.S|re.M)
for url in link:
print (url)

  


3). 获取URL最后一个参数命名图片或传递参数
使用Python爬取图片过程中,会遇到图片对应的URL最后一个字段通常用于命名图片
通过该URL的"/"后面的参数命名图片
# eg_v3

urls = 'http://i1.hoopchina.com.cn/blogfile/201411/11/BbsImg141568417848931_640*640.jpg'
value = urls.split("/")[-1]
print (value)
# BbsImg141568417848931_640*640.jpg

  

使用Python获取GET方法的URL链接中,还可能存在传递参数的值,获取参数方法:

url = 'http://localhost/test.py?a=hello&b=world'
values = url.split('?')[-1]
print (values)
# a=hello&b=world
for key_value in values.split('&'):
print (key_value.split('='))
# ['a', 'hello']
# ['b', 'world']

  


4). 爬取网页中所有URL链接
从固有网页中爬取URL链接,再进行下一步的循环爬取或URL抓取.
# eg_v4 (爬取CSDN首页的所有URL链接)

import re
import urllib2

url = "http://www.csdn.net/"
content = urllib2.urlopen(url).read()
urls = re.findall(r'<a.*?href=.*?<\/a>',content,re.I)
for url in urls:
print (unicode(url,"utf-8"))

link_list = re.findall(r"(?=href=\".+?(?=\")|(?<=href=\').+?(?=\')",content)
for url in link_list:
print (url)

  

5). 爬取网页标题title两种方法
获取网页标题也是一种常见的爬虫,常位于<html><head><title>标题</title></head></html>中
# eg_v5 (爬取CSDN标题)

import re
import urllib2

url = 'http://www.csdn.net/'
content = urllib2.urlopen(url).read()

# 方法一
title_pat = r'(?<=<title>).*?(?=</title>)'
title_ex = re.compile(title_pat,re.M|re.S)
title_obj = re.search(title_ex,content)
title = title_obj.group()
print (title)

# 方法二
title = re.findall(r'<title>(.*?)</title>',content)
print (title[0])

  

6). 定位table位置并爬取属性-属性值
# eg_v6 (正则表达式获取td值的例子)

import re
s = '''<table> 
<tr> 
<td>序列号</td><td>DEIN3-39CD3-2093J3</td> 
<td>日期</td><td>2013年1月22日</td> 
<td>售价</td><td>392.70 元</td> 
<td>说明</td><td>仅限5用户使用</td> 
</tr> 
</table>
'''
res = r'<td>(.*?)</td><td>(.*?)</td>'
m = re.findall(res,s,re.S|re.M)
for line in m:
print (unicode(line[0],'utf-8'),unicode(line[1],'utf-8'))

  


# 如果<td id="">包含该属性则正则表达式为r'<td id=.*?>(.*?)</td>';同样如果不一定是id属性开头,则可以使用正则表达式r'<td .*?>(.*?)</td>'

7). 过滤<span></span>等标签
获取值过程中,通常会存在<span>、<br>、<a href>等标签
核心代码:

elif "span" in nn: #处理标签<span>
res_value = r'<span .*?>(.*?)</span>'
m_value = re.findall(res_value,nn,re.S|re.M) 
for value in m_value:
print unicode(value,'utf-8'),

 

# eg_v7 

import re
language = '''
<table class="infobox bordered vcard" style="width: 21em; font-size: 89%; text-align: left;" cellpadding="3">
<caption style="text-align: center; font-size: larger;" class="fn"><b>购书</b></caption>
<tr>
<th>性別:</th>
<td>男</td>d
</tr>
<tr>
<th>異名:</th>
<td><span class="nickname">(字) 翔宇</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>政黨:</th>
<td><span class="org"><a href="../articles/%E4%B8%AD9A.html" title="购书中心"></a></span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>籍貫:</th>
<td><a href="../articles/%E6%B5%9981.html" title="广东省">广东省</a><a href="../articles/%E7%BB%8D82.html" title="绍兴市">绍兴市</a></td>
</tr>
</table>
''' 
# 获取table中tr值
res_tr = r'<tr>(.*?)</tr>'
m_tr = re.findall(res_tr,language,re.S|re.M)

# 获取表格第一列th 属性
for line in m_tr:
res_th = r'<th>(.*?)</th>'
m_th = re.findall(res_th,line,re.S|re.M)
for mm in m_th:
if "href" in mm: # 如果获取加粗的th中含超链接则处理
restr = r'<a href=.*?(.*?)<\a>'
h = re.findall(res_tr,mm,re.S|re.M)
print (unicode(h[0],'utf-8'))
else:
print (unicode(mm,'utf-8'))

# 取表格第二列td 属性值
res_td = r'<td>(.*?)</td>'
m_td = re.findall(res_td,line,re.S|re.M)
for nn in m_td:
if 'href' in nn:
res_value = r'<a .*?>(.*?)</a>'
m_value = re.findall(res_value,nn,re.S|re.M)
for value in m_value:
print (unicode(value,'utf-8'))
elif "span" in nn:
res_value = r'<span .*?>(.*?)</span>'
m_value = re.findall(res_value,nn,re.S|re.M)
for value in m_value:
print (unicode(value,'utf-8')
else:
print (unicode(nn,'utf-8'))

print (' ')

  

8). 获取<script></script>等标签内容
在获取游讯网图库中,图集对应的原图它是存储在script中,其中获取原图-original即可
通过正则表达式下载URL:

res_original = r'"original":"(.*?)"' #原图
m_original = re.findall(res_original,script)

# eg_v8

import re
import os
import urllib

content = '''
<script>var images = [  
{ "big":"http://i-2.yxdown.com/2015/3/18/KDkwMHgp/6381ccc0-ed65-4422-8671-b3158d6ad23e.jpg",  
  "thumb":"http://i-2.yxdown.com/2015/3/18/KHgxMjAp/6381ccc0-ed65-4422-8671-b3158d6ad23e.jpg",  
  "original":"http://i-2.yxdown.com/2015/3/18/6381ccc0-ed65-4422-8671-b3158d6ad23e.jpg",  
  "title":"","descript":"","id":75109},  
{ "big":"http://i-2.yxdown.com/2015/3/18/KDkwMHgp/fec26de9-8727-424a-b272-f2827669a320.jpg",  
  "thumb":"http://i-2.yxdown.com/2015/3/18/KHgxMjAp/fec26de9-8727-424a-b272-f2827669a320.jpg",  
  "original":"http://i-2.yxdown.com/2015/3/18/fec26de9-8727-424a-b272-f2827669a320.jpg",  
  "title":"","descript":"","id":75110},   
</script>  
'''
html_script = r'<script>(.*?)</script>'
m_script = re.findall(html_script,content,re.S|re.M)
for script in m_script:
	res_original = r'"original":"(.*?)"'
	m_original = re.findall(res_original,script)
	for pic_url in m_original:
		print (pic_url)
		filename = os.path.basename(pic_url)
		urllib.urlretrieve(pic_url,"D:\\" + filename)

 

posted @ 2017-05-20 15:00  xie仗剑天涯  阅读(19209)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报