Android 异步加载图片分析总结

异步加载图片主要是利用多线程进行下载、图片弱引用缓存和Handler操作UI进行实现的。

异步加载图片的主要流程是进行判断缓存中是否存在图片,如果存在则直接返回,如果不存在则进行下载并进行缓存。

以下是建立一个异步下载类:

复制代码代码如下:

/**
 * User: Tom
 * Date: 13-5-13
 * Time: 下午8:07
 */
public class AsnycImageLoader {

    //定义一个HashMap进行存放缓存的Image key为String Value为一个弱引用的一个资源文件
    // 图片 为了方便JAVA的回收
    private Map<String, SoftReference<Drawable>> imageCache = null;
    public AsnycImageLoader() {
        imageCache = new HashMap<String, SoftReference<Drawable>>();
    }

    /**
     * 加载图片
     * <p>imageurl为下载资源的URL,
     * ImageCallback当缓存中不存在相关图片时时行网络下载
     * 在多线程下要使用Handler进行操作UI 利用回调接口的方式进行更新UI
     * </p>
     * @param imageUrl
     * @param callback
     * @return
     */
    public Drawable loadDrawable(final String imageUrl, final ImageCallback callback) {
        //进行判断ImageCache中是否存在缓存图片
        if (imageCache.containsKey(imageUrl)) {
            SoftReference<Drawable> softReference = imageCache.get(imageUrl);
            if (softReference.get() != null) {
                return softReference.get();
            }
        }
        //定义操作UI的Handler
        final Handler handler = new Handler() {
            @Override
            public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
                callback.imageLoaded((Drawable) msg.obj);
            }
        };

        new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                Drawable drawable = loadImageFromUrl(imageUrl);
                imageCache.put(imageUrl, new SoftReference<Drawable>(drawable));
                Message message = handler.obtainMessage(0, drawable);
                handler.sendMessage(message);
            }
        }).start();
        return null;
    }

    //根据URL地址进行获取资源
    protected Drawable loadImageFromUrl(String imageUrl) {
        try {
            return Drawable.createFromStream(new URL(imageUrl).openStream(), "src");
        } catch (Exception e) {
            throw new RuntimeException();
        }
    }

    //回调接口
    public interface ImageCallback {
        public abstract void imageLoaded(Drawable drawable);
    }
}

主Activity:

复制代码代码如下:

/**
 * User: Tom
 * Date: 13-5-13
 * Time: 下午8:33
 */
public class LoadImage extends Activity {
    private AsnycImageLoader loader = null;

    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.loadimages);

        loader = new AsnycImageLoader();

        loadImage("http://www.jb51.net/images/icon-partners.png", R.id.image1);
        loadImage("http://www.jb51.net/images/icon-dev.png", R.id.image2);
        loadImage("http://pic28.jb51.net/20130421/12302174_231210305323_2.jpg", R.id.image3);


    }

    public void loadImage(String url, int id) {
        final ImageView imageView = (ImageView) findViewById(id);
        Drawable cacheImage = loader.loadDrawable(url, new AsnycImageLoader.ImageCallback() {
            @Override
            public void imageLoaded(Drawable drawable) {
                imageView.setImageDrawable(drawable);
            }
        });
        if (cacheImage != null) {
            imageView.setImageDrawable(cacheImage);
        }
    }
}


研究了android从网络上异步加载图像,现总结如下: 
(1)由于android UI更新支持单一线程原则,所以从网络上取数据并更新到界面上,为了不阻塞主线程首先可能会想到以下方法。 

在主线程中new 一个Handler对象,加载图像方法如下所示 

复制代码代码如下:

private void loadImage(final String url, final int id) { 
handler.post(new Runnable() { 
public void run() { 
Drawable drawable = null; 
try { 
drawable = Drawable.createFromStream(new URL(url).openStream(), "image.png"); 
} catch (IOException e) { 

((ImageView) LazyLoadImageActivity.this.findViewById(id)).setImageDrawable(drawable); 

}); 


上面这个方法缺点很显然,经测试,如果要加载多个图片,这并不能实现异步加载,而是等到所有的图片都加载完才一起显示,因为它们都运行在一个线程中。 

然后,我们可以简单改进下,将Handler+Runnable模式改为Handler+Thread+Message模式不就能实现同时开启多个线程吗? 
(2)在主线程中new 一个Handler对象,代码如下: 
复制代码代码如下:

final Handler handler2=new Handler(){ 
@Override 
public void handleMessage(Message msg) { 
((ImageView) LazyLoadImageActivity.this.findViewById(msg.arg1)).setImageDrawable((Drawable)msg.obj); 

}; 

对应加载图像代码如下: 
复制代码代码如下:

//采用handler+Thread模式实现多线程异步加载 
private void loadImage2(final String url, final int id) { 
Thread thread = new Thread(){ 
@Override 
public void run() { 
Drawable drawable = null; 
try { 
drawable = Drawable.createFromStream(new URL(url).openStream(), "image.png"); 
} catch (IOException e) { 

  
Message message= handler2.obtainMessage() ; 
message.arg1 = id; 
message.obj = drawable; 
handler2.sendMessage(message); 

}; 
thread.start(); 
thread = null; 


这样就简单实现了异步加载了。细想一下,还可以优化的,比如引入线程池、引入缓存等,我们先介绍线程池。 
(3)引入ExecutorService接口,于是代码可以优化如下: 
在主线程中加入:private ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(5); 
对应加载图像方法更改如下: 
复制代码代码如下:

// 引入线程池来管理多线程 
private void loadImage3(final String url, final int id) { 
executorService.submit(new Runnable() { 
public void run() { 
try { 
final Drawable drawable = Drawable.createFromStream(new URL(url).openStream(), "image.png"); 
handler.post(new Runnable() { 
  
public void run() { 
((ImageView) LazyLoadImageActivity.this.findViewById(id)).setImageDrawable(drawable); 

}); 
} catch (Exception e) { 
throw new RuntimeException(e); 


}); 


4)为了更方便使用我们可以将异步加载图像方法封装一个类,对外界只暴露一个方法即可,考虑到效率问题我们可以引入内存缓存机制,做法是建立一个HashMap,其键(key)为加载图像url,其值(value)是图像对象Drawable。先看一下我们封装的类 
复制代码代码如下:

public class AsyncImageLoader3 { 
//为了加快速度,在内存中开启缓存(主要应用于重复图片较多时,或者同一个图片要多次被访问,比如在ListView时来回滚动) 
public Map<String, SoftReference<Drawable>> imageCache = new HashMap<String, SoftReference<Drawable>>(); 
private ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(5); //固定五个线程来执行任务 
private final Handler handler=new Handler(); 
  
/** 

* @param imageUrl 图像url地址 
* @param callback 回调接口 
* <a href="\"http://www.eoeandroid.com/home.php?mod=space&uid=7300\"" target="\"_blank\"">@return</a> 返回内存中缓存的图像,第一次加载返回null 
*/ 
public Drawable loadDrawable(final String imageUrl, final ImageCallback callback) { 
//如果缓存过就从缓存中取出数据 
if (imageCache.containsKey(imageUrl)) { 
SoftReference<Drawable> softReference = imageCache.get(imageUrl); 
if (softReference.get() != null) { 
return softReference.get(); 


//缓存中没有图像,则从网络上取出数据,并将取出的数据缓存到内存中 
executorService.submit(new Runnable() { 
public void run() { 
try { 
final Drawable drawable = Drawable.createFromStream(new URL(imageUrl).openStream(), "image.png"); 
  
imageCache.put(imageUrl, new SoftReference<Drawable>(drawable)); 
  
handler.post(new Runnable() { 
public void run() { 
callback.imageLoaded(drawable); 

}); 
} catch (Exception e) { 
throw new RuntimeException(e); 


}); 
return null; 

//从网络上取数据方法 
protected Drawable loadImageFromUrl(String imageUrl) { 
try { 
return Drawable.createFromStream(new URL(imageUrl).openStream(), "image.png"); 
} catch (Exception e) { 
throw new RuntimeException(e); 


//对外界开放的回调接口 
public interface ImageCallback { 
//注意 此方法是用来设置目标对象的图像资源 
public void imageLoaded(Drawable imageDrawable); 



这样封装好后使用起来就方便多了。在主线程中首先要引入AsyncImageLoader3 对象,然后直接调用其loadDrawable方法即可,需要注意的是ImageCallback接口的imageLoaded方法是唯一可以把加载的图 像设置到目标ImageView或其相关的组件上。 

在主线程调用代码: 
先实例化对象 private AsyncImageLoader3 asyncImageLoader3 = new AsyncImageLoader3(); 
调用异步加载方法: 
复制代码代码如下:

//引入线程池,并引入内存缓存功能,并对外部调用封装了接口,简化调用过程 
private void loadImage4(final String url, final int id) { 
//如果缓存过就会从缓存中取出图像,ImageCallback接口中方法也不会被执行 
Drawable cacheImage = asyncImageLoader.loadDrawable(url,new AsyncImageLoader.ImageCallback() {
//请参见实现:如果第一次加载url时下面方法会执行 
public void imageLoaded(Drawable imageDrawable) { 
((ImageView) findViewById(id)).setImageDrawable(imageDrawable); 

}); 
if(cacheImage!=null){ 
((ImageView) findViewById(id)).setImageDrawable(cacheImage); 



5)同理,下面也给出采用Thread+Handler+MessageQueue+内存缓存代码,原则同(4),只是把线程池换成了Thread+Handler+MessageQueue模式而已。代码如下: 
复制代码代码如下:

public class AsyncImageLoader { 
//为了加快速度,加入了缓存(主要应用于重复图片较多时,或者同一个图片要多次被访问,比如在ListView时来回滚动) 
private Map<String, SoftReference<Drawable>> imageCache = new HashMap<String, SoftReference<Drawable>>(); 
  
/** 

* @param imageUrl 图像url地址 
* @param callback 回调接口 
* @return 返回内存中缓存的图像,第一次加载返回null 
*/ 
public Drawable loadDrawable(final String imageUrl, final ImageCallback callback) { 
//如果缓存过就从缓存中取出数据 
if (imageCache.containsKey(imageUrl)) { 
SoftReference<Drawable> softReference = imageCache.get(imageUrl); 
if (softReference.get() != null) { 
return softReference.get(); 


  
final Handler handler = new Handler() { 
@Override 
public void handleMessage(Message msg) { 
callback.imageLoaded((Drawable) msg.obj); 

}; 
new Thread() { 
public void run() { 
Drawable drawable = loadImageFromUrl(imageUrl); 
imageCache.put(imageUrl, new SoftReference<Drawable>(drawable)); 
handler.sendMessage(handler.obtainMessage(0, drawable)); 
  

  
}.start(); 
/* 
下面注释的这段代码是Handler的一种代替方法 
*/ 
// new AsyncTask() { 
// @Override 
// protected Drawable doInBackground(Object... objects) { 
// Drawable drawable = loadImageFromUrl(imageUrl); 
// imageCache.put(imageUrl, new SoftReference<Drawable>(drawable)); 
// return drawable; 
// } 
// 
// @Override 
// protected void onPostExecute(Object o) { 
// callback.imageLoaded((Drawable) o); 
// } 
// }.execute(); 
return null; 

  
protected Drawable loadImageFromUrl(String imageUrl) { 
try { 
return Drawable.createFromStream(new URL(imageUrl).openStream(), "src"); 
} catch (Exception e) { 
throw new RuntimeException(e); 


//对外界开放的回调接口 
public interface ImageCallback { 
public void imageLoaded(Drawable imageDrawable); 



至此,异步加载就介绍完了,下面给出的代码为测试用的完整代码: 
复制代码代码如下:

package com.bshark.supertelphone.activity; 
  
import android.app.Activity; 
import android.graphics.drawable.Drawable; 
import android.os.Bundle; 
import android.os.Handler; 
import android.os.Message; 
import android.widget.ImageView; 
import com.bshark.supertelphone.R; 
import com.bshark.supertelphone.ui.adapter.util.AsyncImageLoader; 
import com.bshark.supertelphone.ui.adapter.util.AsyncImageLoader3; 
  
import java.io.IOException; 
import java.net.URL; 
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService; 
import java.util.concurrent.Executors; 
  
public class LazyLoadImageActivity extends Activity { 
final Handler handler=new Handler(); 
final Handler handler2=new Handler(){ 
@Override 
public void handleMessage(Message msg) { 
((ImageView) LazyLoadImageActivity.this.findViewById(msg.arg1)).setImageDrawable((Drawable)msg.obj); 

}; 
private ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(5); //固定五个线程来执行任务 
private AsyncImageLoader asyncImageLoader = new AsyncImageLoader(); 
private AsyncImageLoader3 asyncImageLoader3 = new AsyncImageLoader3(); 
  
@Override 
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { 
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); 
setContentView(R.layout.main); 
  
// loadImage("http://www.chinatelecom.com.cn/images/logo_new.gif", R.id.image1); 
// loadImage("http://www.baidu.com/img/baidu_logo.gif", R.id.image2); 
// loadImage("http://cache.soso.com/30d/img/web/logo.gif", R.id.image3); 
// loadImage("http://www.baidu.com/img/baidu_logo.gif", R.id.image4); 
// loadImage("http://cache.soso.com/30d/img/web/logo.gif", R.id.image5); 
  
loadImage2("http://www.chinatelecom.com.cn/images/logo_new.gif", R.id.image1); 
loadImage2("http://www.baidu.com/img/baidu_logo.gif", R.id.image2); 
loadImage2("http://cache.soso.com/30d/img/web/logo.gif", R.id.image3); 
loadImage2("http://www.baidu.com/img/baidu_logo.gif", R.id.image4); 
loadImage2("http://cache.soso.com/30d/img/web/logo.gif", R.id.image5); 
// loadImage3("http://www.chinatelecom.com.cn/images/logo_new.gif", R.id.image1); 
// loadImage3("http://www.baidu.com/img/baidu_logo.gif", R.id.image2); 
// loadImage3("http://cache.soso.com/30d/img/web/logo.gif", R.id.image3); 
// loadImage3("http://www.baidu.com/img/baidu_logo.gif", R.id.image4); 
// loadImage3("http://cache.soso.com/30d/img/web/logo.gif", R.id.image5); 
  
// loadImage4("http://www.chinatelecom.com.cn/images/logo_new.gif", R.id.image1); 
// loadImage4("http://www.baidu.com/img/baidu_logo.gif", R.id.image2); 
// loadImage4("http://cache.soso.com/30d/img/web/logo.gif", R.id.image3); 
// loadImage4("http://www.baidu.com/img/baidu_logo.gif", R.id.image4); 
// loadImage4("http://cache.soso.com/30d/img/web/logo.gif", R.id.image5); 
  
// loadImage5("http://www.chinatelecom.com.cn/images/logo_new.gif", R.id.image1); 
// //为了测试缓存而模拟的网络延时 
// SystemClock.sleep(2000); 
// loadImage5("http://www.baidu.com/img/baidu_logo.gif", R.id.image2); 
// SystemClock.sleep(2000); 
// loadImage5("http://cache.soso.com/30d/img/web/logo.gif", R.id.image3); 
// SystemClock.sleep(2000); 
// loadImage5("http://www.baidu.com/img/baidu_logo.gif", R.id.image4); 
// SystemClock.sleep(2000); 
// loadImage5("http://cache.soso.com/30d/img/web/logo.gif", R.id.image5); 
// SystemClock.sleep(2000); 
// loadImage5("http://www.baidu.com/img/baidu_logo.gif", R.id.image4); 

  
@Override 
protected void onDestroy() { 
executorService.shutdown(); 
super.onDestroy(); 

//线程加载图像基本原理 
private void loadImage(final String url, final int id) { 
handler.post(new Runnable() { 
public void run() { 
Drawable drawable = null; 
try { 
drawable = Drawable.createFromStream(new URL(url).openStream(), "image.png"); 
} catch (IOException e) { 

((ImageView) LazyLoadImageActivity.this.findViewById(id)).setImageDrawable(drawable); 

}); 

//采用handler+Thread模式实现多线程异步加载 
private void loadImage2(final String url, final int id) { 
Thread thread = new Thread(){ 
@Override 
public void run() { 
Drawable drawable = null; 
try { 
drawable = Drawable.createFromStream(new URL(url).openStream(), "image.png"); 
} catch (IOException e) { 

  
Message message= handler2.obtainMessage() ; 
message.arg1 = id; 
message.obj = drawable; 
handler2.sendMessage(message); 

}; 
thread.start(); 
thread = null; 

// 引入线程池来管理多线程 
private void loadImage3(final String url, final int id) { 
executorService.submit(new Runnable() { 
public void run() { 
try { 
final Drawable drawable = Drawable.createFromStream(new URL(url).openStream(), "image.png"); 
handler.post(new Runnable() { 
  
public void run() { 
((ImageView) LazyLoadImageActivity.this.findViewById(id)).setImageDrawable(drawable); 

}); 
} catch (Exception e) { 
throw new RuntimeException(e); 


}); 

//引入线程池,并引入内存缓存功能,并对外部调用封装了接口,简化调用过程 
private void loadImage4(final String url, final int id) { 
//如果缓存过就会从缓存中取出图像,ImageCallback接口中方法也不会被执行 
Drawable cacheImage = asyncImageLoader.loadDrawable(url,new AsyncImageLoader.ImageCallback() {
//请参见实现:如果第一次加载url时下面方法会执行 
public void imageLoaded(Drawable imageDrawable) { 
((ImageView) findViewById(id)).setImageDrawable(imageDrawable); 

}); 
if(cacheImage!=null){ 
((ImageView) findViewById(id)).setImageDrawable(cacheImage); 


  
//采用Handler+Thread+封装外部接口 
private void loadImage5(final String url, final int id) { 
//如果缓存过就会从缓存中取出图像,ImageCallback接口中方法也不会被执行 
Drawable cacheImage = asyncImageLoader3.loadDrawable(url,new AsyncImageLoader3.ImageCallback() { 
//请参见实现:如果第一次加载url时下面方法会执行 
public void imageLoaded(Drawable imageDrawable) { 
((ImageView) findViewById(id)).setImageDrawable(imageDrawable); 

}); 
if(cacheImage!=null){ 
((ImageView) findViewById(id)).setImageDrawable(cacheImage); 


  
  


xml文件大致如下: 
复制代码代码如下:

<SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 18px"><STRONG>< ?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> 
  
< LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" 
android:layout_width="fill_parent" 
android:orientation="vertical" 
android:layout_height="fill_parent" > 
<ImageView android:id="@+id/image1" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_width="fill_parent"></ImageView> 
<ImageView android:id="@+id/image2" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_width="fill_parent"></ImageView> 
<ImageView android:id="@+id/image3" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_width="fill_parent"></ImageView> 
<ImageView android:id="@+id/image5" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_width="fill_parent"></ImageView> 
<ImageView android:id="@+id/image4" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_width="fill_parent"></ImageView> 
< /LinearLayout></STRONG></SPAN> 

posted @ 2015-08-21 10:52  xiexie2015  阅读(250)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报