二分查找有序数组

　　昨天百度面试，问了这样一道题：

　　对于一个有序字符串数组，用二分法查找某一字符串是否存在于该字符串数组中。函数原型为：

bool BinarySearch(const vector<string>& array, const string& target)

　　注意这里的有序指的是字典序，如字符串数组 a, ab, ac, bc, cd, d 就是有序字符串数组，而 a, b, ab 及 a, ac, ab 都不是有序字符串数组。

 

　   对于这道题，一种很笨的做法是：

 1 #include <iostream>
 2 #include <vector>
 3 #include <string>
 4 #include <map>
 5 #include <algorithm>
 6 using namespace std;
 7 
 8 bool BinarySearch(const vector<string>& array, const string& target);
 9 int getUpperBound(const vector<string>& array, const string& target, int index, int low, int high);
10 int getLowerBound(const vector<string>& array, const string& target, int index, int low, int high);
11 
12 int main() 
13 {
14     vector<string> vec{ "ab", "abc", "abc", "abcd", "bcd", "bcde" };
15     string target{ "abcd" };
16     
17     bool ret = BinarySearch(vec, target);
18 
19     return 0;
20 }
21 
22 bool BinarySearch(const vector<string>& array, const string& target)
23 {
24     if (array.size() == 0 && target.length() == 0)
25         return false;
26     else if (array.size() == 0 && target.length() != 0)
27         return false;
28     else if (array.size() != 0 && target.length() == 0)
29     {
30         if (array[0].empty())
31             return true;
32         else
33             return false;
34     }
35     else
36     {
37         int len = target.length();
38         int low = 0, high = array.size() - 1;
39         for (int i = 0; i < len; i++)
40         {
41             int tmpLow = getLowerBound(array, target, i, low, high);
42             int tmpHigh = getUpperBound(array, target, i, low, high);
43             low = tmpLow;
44             high = tmpHigh;
45             if (low == high)
46                 break;
47         }
48     
49         if (array[low] == target)
50             return true;
51     }
52 
53     return false;
54 }
55 
56 int getUpperBound(const vector<string>& array, const string& target, int index, int low, int high)
57 {
58     if (low >= high)
59         return low;
60     
61     while (low < high)
62     {
63         int mid = (low + high) / 2 + 1;
64         if ((index < array[mid].size() && array[mid][index] == target[index]) || index > array[mid].size())
65             low = mid;
66         else
67             high = mid - 1;
68     }
69 
70     return high;
71 }
72 
73 
74 int getLowerBound(const vector<string>& array, const string& target, int index, int low, int high)
75 {
76     if (low >= high)
77         return low;
78 
79     while (low < high)
80     {
81         int mid = (low + high) / 2;
82         if (index < array[mid].size() && array[mid][index] == target[index])
83             high = mid;
84         else if (index > array[mid].size())
85             low = mid + 1;
86         else
87             low = mid + 1;
88     }
89     
90     return low;
91 }
View Code

　　而另一种方法则要简洁得多：

 1 #include <iostream>
 2 #include <vector>
 3 #include <string>
 4 using namespace std;
 5 
 6 bool BinarySearch(const vector<string>& array, const string& target);
 7 
 8 int main() 
 9 {
10     vector<string> vec{ "ab", "abc", "abcd", "bcd", "bcde" };
11     string target{ "abcd" };
12     
13     bool ret = BinarySearch(vec, target);
14 
15     return 0;
16 }
17 
18 bool BinarySearch(const vector<string>& array, const string& target)
19 {
20     if (array.size() == 0 && target.length() == 0)
21         return false;
22     else if (array.size() == 0 && target.length() != 0)
23         return false;
24     else if (array.size() != 0 && target.length() == 0)    // array也是可能存在空字符串的，但该空字符串肯定存在于它的第一个元素
25     {
26         if (array[0].empty())
27             return true;
28         else
29             return false;
30     }
31     else
32     {
33         int low = 0, high = array.size() - 1;
34         while (low <= high)
35         {
36             int mid = low + (high - low) / 2;
37             if (target.compare(array[mid]) == 0)
38                 return true;
39             else if (target.compare(array[mid]) > 0)
40                 low = mid + 1;
41             else
42                 high = mid - 1;
43         }
44     }
45 
46     return false;
47 }

　　

posted @ 2015-09-24 11:23  峰子_仰望阳光  阅读(351)  评论(0)  编辑  收藏  举报