基于.net core 微服务的另类实现

2018-07-10 14:43 谢中涞阅读(1621) 评论(6) 编辑收藏举报

基于.net core 的微服务,网上很多介绍都是千篇一律基于类似webapi,通过http请求形式进行访问,但这并不符合大家使用习惯.如何像形如[ GetService<IOrderService>().SaveOrder(orderInfo)]的方式, 调用远程的服务,如果你正在为此苦恼, 本文或许是一种参考.

背景

原项目基于传统三层模式组织代码逻辑,随着时间的推移,项目内各模块逻辑互相交织,互相依赖,维护起来较为困难.为此我们需要引入一种新的机制来尝试改变这个现状,在考察了 Java spring cloud/doubbo, c# wcf/webapi/asp.net core 等一些微服务框架后,我们最终选择了基于 .net core + Ocelot 微服务方式. 经过讨论大家最终期望的项目结果大致如下所示.

但原项目团队成员已经习惯了基于接口服务的这种编码形式, 让大家将需要定义的接口全部以http 接口形式重写定义一遍, 同时客户端调用的时候, 需要将原来熟悉的形如 XXService.YYMethod(args1, args2) 直接使用通过 "."出内部成员,替换为让其直接写 HttpClient.Post("url/XX/YY",”args1=11&args2=22”)的形式访问远程接口,确实是一件十分痛苦的事情.
问题提出

基于以上, 如何通过一种模式来简化这种调用形式, 继而使大家在调用的时候不需要关心该服务是在本地(本地类库依赖)还是远程, 只需要按照常规方式使用即可, 至于是直接使用本地服务还是通过http发送远程请求,这个都交给框架处理.为了方便叙述, 本文假定以销售订单和用户服务为例. 销售订单服务对外提供一个创建订单的接口.订单创建成功后, 调用用户服务更新用户积分.UML参考如下.
问题转化

在客户端,通过微服务对外公开的接口,生成接口代理, 即将接口需要的信息[接口名/方法名及该方法需要的参数]包装成http请求向远程服务发起请求.
在微服务http接入段, 我们可以定义一个统一的入口,当服务端收到请求后,解析出接口名/方法名及参数信息,并创建对应的实现类,从而执行接口请求,并将返回值通过http返回给客户端.
最后,客户端通过类似 AppRuntims.Instance.GetService<IOrderService>().SaveOrder(orderInfo) 形式访问远程服务创建订单.
数据以json格式传输.

解决方案及实现

为了便于处理,我们定义了一个空接口IApiService,用来标识服务接口.

远程服务客户端代理

public class RemoteServiceProxy : IApiService
{
    public string Address { get; set; }  //服务地址private ApiActionResult PostHttpRequest(string interfaceId, string methodId, params object[] p)
    {
        ApiActionResult apiRetult = null;
        using (var httpClient = new HttpClient())
        {
            var param = new ArrayList(); //包装参数

            foreach (var t in p)
            {
                if (t == null)
                {
                    param.Add(null);
                }
                else
                {
                    var ns = t.GetType().Namespace;
                    param.Add(ns != null && ns.Equals("System") ? t : JsonConvert.SerializeObject(t));
                }
            }
            var postContentStr = JsonConvert.SerializeObject(param);
            HttpContent httpContent = new StringContent(postContentStr);
            if (CurrentUserId != Guid.Empty)
            {
                httpContent.Headers.Add("UserId", CurrentUserId.ToString());
            }
            httpContent.Headers.Add("EnterpriseId", EnterpriseId.ToString());
            httpContent.Headers.ContentType = new MediaTypeHeaderValue("application/json");

            var url = Address.TrimEnd('/') + $"/{interfaceId}/{methodId}";
            AppRuntimes.Instance.Loger.Debug($"httpRequest:{url},data:{postContentStr}");

            var response = httpClient.PostAsync(url, httpContent).Result; //提交请求

            if (!response.IsSuccessStatusCode)
            {
                AppRuntimes.Instance.Loger.Error($"httpRequest error:{url},statuscode:{response.StatusCode}");
                throw new ICVIPException("网络异常或服务响应失败");
            }
            var responseStr = response.Content.ReadAsStringAsync().Result;
            AppRuntimes.Instance.Loger.Debug($"httpRequest response:{responseStr}");

            apiRetult = JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<ApiActionResult>(responseStr);
        }
        if (!apiRetult.IsSuccess)
        {
            throw new BusinessException(apiRetult.Message ?? "服务请求失败");
        }
        return apiRetult;
    }

    //有返回值的方法代理
    public T Invoke<T>(string interfaceId, string methodId, params object[] param)
    {
        T rs = default(T);

        var apiRetult = PostHttpRequest(interfaceId, methodId, param);

        try
        {
            if (typeof(T).Namespace == "System")
            {
                rs = (T)TypeConvertUtil.BasicTypeConvert(typeof(T), apiRetult.Data);
            }
            else
            {
                rs = JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<T>(Convert.ToString(apiRetult.Data));
            }
        }
        catch (Exception ex)
        {
            AppRuntimes.Instance.Loger.Error("数据转化失败", ex);
            throw;
        }
        return rs;
    }

    //没有返回值的代理
    public void InvokeWithoutReturn(string interfaceId, string methodId, params object[] param)
    {
        PostHttpRequest(interfaceId, methodId, param);
    }
}

远程服务端http接入段统一入口

[Route("api/svc/{interfaceId}/{methodId}"), Produces("application/json")]
public async Task<ApiActionResult> Process(string interfaceId, string methodId)
{
    Stopwatch stopwatch = new Stopwatch();
    stopwatch.Start();
    ApiActionResult result = null;
    string reqParam = string.Empty;
    try
    {
        using (var reader = new StreamReader(Request.Body, Encoding.UTF8))
        {
            reqParam = await reader.ReadToEndAsync();
        }
        AppRuntimes.Instance.Loger.Debug($"recive client request:api/svc/{interfaceId}/{methodId},data:{reqParam}");

        ArrayList param = null;
        if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(reqParam))
        {
           //解析参数
            param = JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<ArrayList>(reqParam);
        } 
        //转交本地服务处理中心处理
        var data = LocalServiceExector.Exec(interfaceId, methodId, param);
        result = ApiActionResult.Success(data);
    }
    catch  BusinessException ex) //业务异常
    {
        result = ApiActionResult.Error(ex.Message);
    }
    catch (Exception ex)
    {
        //业务异常
        if (ex.InnerException is BusinessException)
        {
            result = ApiActionResult.Error(ex.InnerException.Message);
        }
        else
        {
            AppRuntimes.Instance.Loger.Error($"调用服务发生异常{interfaceId}-{methodId},data:{reqParam}", ex);
            result = ApiActionResult.Fail("服务发生异常");
        }
    }
    finally
    {
        stopwatch.Stop();
        AppRuntimes.Instance.Loger.Debug($"process client request end:api/svc/{interfaceId}/{methodId},耗时[ {stopwatch.ElapsedMilliseconds} ]毫秒");
    }
    //result.Message = AppRuntimes.Instance.GetCfgVal("ServerName") + " " + result.Message;
    result.Message = result.Message;
    return result;
}

本地服务中心通过接口名和方法名,找出具体的实现类的方法,并使用传递的参数执行,ps:因为涉及到反射获取具体的方法,暂不支持相同参数个数的方法重载.仅支持不同参数个数的方法重载.

public static object Exec(string interfaceId, string methodId, ArrayList param)
{
    var svcMethodInfo = GetInstanceAndMethod(interfaceId, methodId, param.Count);
    var currentMethodParameters = new ArrayList();

    for (var i = 0; i < svcMethodInfo.Paramters.Length; i++)
    {
        var tempParamter = svcMethodInfo.Paramters[i];

        if (param[i] == null)
        {
            currentMethodParameters.Add(null);
        }
        else
        {
            if (!tempParamter.ParameterType.Namespace.Equals("System") || tempParamter.ParameterType.Name == "Byte[]")
            {
                currentMethodParameters.Add(JsonConvert.DeserializeObject(Convert.ToString(param[i]), tempParamter.ParameterType)
            }
            else
            {
                currentMethodParameters.Add(TypeConvertUtil.BasicTypeConvert(tempParamter.ParameterType, param[i]));
            }
        }
    }

    return svcMethodInfo.Invoke(currentMethodParameters.ToArray());
}

private static InstanceMethodInfo GetInstanceAndMethod(string interfaceId, string methodId, int paramCount)
{
    var methodKey = $"{interfaceId}_{methodId}_{paramCount}";
    if (methodCache.ContainsKey(methodKey))
    {
        return methodCache[methodKey];
    }
    InstanceMethodInfo temp = null;

    var svcType = ServiceFactory.GetSvcType(interfaceId, true);
    if (svcType == null)
    {
        throw new ICVIPException($"找不到API接口的服务实现:{interfaceId}");
    }
    var methods = svcType.GetMethods().Where(t => t.Name == methodId).ToList();
    if (methods.IsNullEmpty())
    {
        throw new BusinessException($"在API接口[{interfaceId}]的服务实现中[{svcType.FullName}]找不到指定的方法:{methodId}");
    }
    var method = methods.FirstOrDefault(t => t.GetParameters().Length == paramCount);
    if (method == null)
    {
        throw new ICVIPException($"在API接口中[{interfaceId}]的服务实现[{svcType.FullName}]中,方法[{methodId}]参数个数不匹配");
    }
    var paramtersTypes = method.GetParameters();

    object instance = null;
    try
    {
        instance = Activator.CreateInstance(svcType);
    }
    catch (Exception ex)
    {
        throw new BusinessException($"在实例化服务[{svcType}]发生异常,请确认其是否包含一个无参的构造函数", ex);
    }
    temp = new InstanceMethodInfo()
    {
        Instance = instance,
        InstanceType = svcType,
        Key = methodKey,
        Method = method,
        Paramters = paramtersTypes
    };
    if (!methodCache.ContainsKey(methodKey))
    {
        lock (_syncAddMethodCacheLocker)
        {
            if (!methodCache.ContainsKey(methodKey))
            {
                methodCache.Add(methodKey, temp);
            }
        }
    }
    return temp;

服务配置,指示具体的服务的远程地址,当未配置的服务默认为本地服务.

[
  {
    "ServiceId": "XZL.Api.IOrderService",
    "Address": "http://localhost:8801/api/svc"
  },
  {
    "ServiceId": "XZL.Api.IUserService",
    "Address": "http://localhost:8802/api/svc"
  } 
]

AppRuntime.Instance.GetService<TService>()的实现.

private static List<(string typeName, Type svcType)> svcTypeDic;
private static ConcurrentDictionary<string, Object> svcInstance = new ConcurrentDictionary<string, object>();
 
public static TService GetService<TService>()
 {
     var serviceId = typeof(TService).FullName;

     //读取服务配置
     var serviceInfo = ServiceConfonfig.Instance.GetServiceInfo(serviceId);
     if (serviceInfo == null)
     {
         return (TService)Activator.CreateInstance(GetSvcType(serviceId));
     }
     else
     { 
         var rs = GetService<TService>(serviceId + (serviceInfo.IsRemote ? "|Remote" : ""), serviceInfo.IsSingle);
         if (rs != null && rs is RemoteServiceProxy)
         {
             var temp = rs as RemoteServiceProxy;
             temp.Address = serviceInfo.Address;     //指定服务地址
         }
         return rs;
     }
 }
public static TService GetService<TService>(string interfaceId, bool isSingle)
{
    //服务非单例模式
    if (!isSingle)
    {
        return (TService)Activator.CreateInstance(GetSvcType(interfaceId));
    }

    object obj = null;
    if (svcInstance.TryGetValue(interfaceId, out obj) && obj != null)
    {
        return (TService)obj;
    }
    var svcType = GetSvcType(interfaceId);

    if (svcType == null)
    {
        throw new ICVIPException($"系统中未找到[{interfaceId}]的代理类");
    }
    obj = Activator.CreateInstance(svcType);

    svcInstance.TryAdd(interfaceId, obj);
    return (TService)obj;
}

//获取服务的实现类
public static Type GetSvcType(string interfaceId, bool? isLocal = null)
{
    if (!_loaded)
    {
        LoadServiceType();
    }
    Type rs = null;
    var tempKey = interfaceId;

    var temp = svcTypeDic.Where(x => x.typeName == tempKey).ToList();

    if (temp == null || temp.Count == 0)
    {
        return rs;
    }

    if (isLocal.HasValue)
    {
        if (isLocal.Value)
        {
            rs = temp.FirstOrDefault(t => !typeof(RemoteServiceProxy).IsAssignableFrom(t.svcType)).svcType;
        }
        else
        {
            rs = temp.FirstOrDefault(t => typeof(RemoteServiceProxy).IsAssignableFrom(t.svcType)).svcType;
        }
    }
    else
    {
        rs = temp[0].svcType;
    }
    return rs;
}

为了性能影响,我们在程序启动的时候可以将当前所有的ApiService类型缓存.

public static void LoadServiceType()
 {
     if (_loaded)
     {
         return;
     }
     lock (_sync)
     {
         if (_loaded)
         {
             return;
         } 
         try
         {
             svcTypeDic = new List<(string typeName, Type svcType)>();
             var path = AppDomain.CurrentDomain.RelativeSearchPath ?? AppDomain.CurrentDomain.BaseDirectory;
             var dir = new DirectoryInfo(path);
             var files = dir.GetFiles("XZL*.dll");
             foreach (var file in files)
             { 
                 var types = LoadAssemblyFromFile(file);
                 svcTypeDic.AddRange(types);
             } 
             _loaded = true;
         }
         catch
         {
             _loaded = false;
         }
     }
 }

//加载指定文件中的ApiService实现
private static List<(string typeName, Type svcType)> LoadAssemblyFromFile(FileInfo file)
{
    var lst = new List<(string typeName, Type svcType)>();
    if (file.Extension != ".dll" && file.Extension != ".exe")
    {
        return lst;
    }
    try
    {
        var types = Assembly.Load(file.Name.Substring(0, file.Name.Length - 4))
                        .GetTypes()
                        .Where(c => c.IsClass && !c.IsAbstract && c.IsPublic);
        foreach (Type type in types)
        {
           //客户端代理基类
            if (type == typeof(RemoteServiceProxy))
            {
                continue;
            }

            if (!typeof(IApiService).IsAssignableFrom(type))
            {
                continue;
            }

           //绑定现类
            lst.Add((type.FullName, type));

            foreach (var interfaceType in type.GetInterfaces())
            {
                if (!typeof(IApiService).IsAssignableFrom(interfaceType))
                {
                    continue;
                } 
    //绑定接口与实际实现类
                lst.Add((interfaceType.FullName, type));  
            }
        }
    }
    catch
    {
    }

    return lst;
}

具体api远程服务代理示例

public class UserServiceProxy : RemoteServiceProxy, IUserService
    {
        private string serviceId = typeof(IUserService).FullName;

        public void IncreaseScore(int userId,int score)
        {
            return InvokeWithoutReturn(serviceId, nameof(IncreaseScore), userId,score);
        }
       public UserInfo GetUserById(int userId)
        {
            return Invoke<UserInfo >(serviceId, nameof(GetUserById),  userId);
        }
}

结语

经过以上改造后, 我们便可很方便的通过形如 AppRuntime.Instance.GetService<TService>().MethodXX()无感的访问远程服务, 服务是部署在远程还是在本地以dll依赖形式存在,这个便对调用者透明了.无缝的对接上了大家固有习惯.
PS: 但是此番改造后, 遗留下来了另外一个问题: 客户端调用远程服务,需要手动创建一个服务代理( 从 RemoteServiceProxy 继承),虽然每个代理很方便写,只是文中提到的简单两句话,但终究显得繁琐, 是否有一种方式能够根据远程api接口动态的生成这个客户端代理呢? 答案是肯定的,因本文较长了,留在下篇再续
附上动态编译文章链接. https://www.cnblogs.com/xie-zhonglai/p/dynamic_compilation_netstandard.html.

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九叔大龄九叔

基于.net core 微服务的另类实现

背景

问题提出

问题转化

解决方案及实现

结语

About

九叔 大龄九叔

基于.net core 微服务的另类实现

背景

问题提出

问题转化

解决方案及实现

结语

About

九叔大龄九叔