android之显示数据库信息
关键字
- ListView
- adapter
- MVC
在android开发中也使用到了MVC架构,其中的xml布局文件就是V,M就是我们定义好的javabean类,而控制器就是就是适配器类adapter
布局文件
采用线性布局的方式,ListView就是一个View容器,可以往里面放任何的View对象
1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> 2 <LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" 3 xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools" 4 android:layout_width="match_parent" 5 android:layout_height="match_parent" 6 tools:context="xidian.dy.com.chujia.MainActivity"> 7 8 <ListView 9 android:id="@+id/lv" 10 android:layout_width="match_parent" 11 android:layout_height="match_parent"> 12 13 </ListView> 14 </LinearLayout>
javabean
package xidian.dy.com.chujia; /** * Created by dy on 2016/6/17. */ public class Person { private String name; private int salary; private String phone; public String getPhone() { return phone; } public void setPhone(String phone) { this.phone = phone; } public int getSalary() { return salary; } public void setSalary(int salary) { this.salary = salary; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } @Override public String toString() { return name +' ' + salary + ' ' + phone; } }
Activity
先将数据从数据库中读出来封装成一个javabean对象,然后在将所以的对象放到List容器中。使用系统提供的adapter对象来遍历list容器,将取得内容封装成一个View对象,返回给ListView。ListView每拿到一个View对象就将其显示出来。这里的为了使用方便将pater作为内部类来使用。
package xidian.dy.com.chujia; import android.content.ContentValues; import android.database.Cursor; import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase; import android.os.Bundle; import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity; import android.view.View; import android.view.ViewGroup; import android.widget.BaseAdapter; import android.widget.ListView; import android.widget.TextView; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.List; public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity { private SQLiteDatabase db; private List<Person> personList; @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { MainActivity mContext = MainActivity.this; super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); MyDBOpenHelper myDBHelper = new MyDBOpenHelper(mContext, "my.db", null, 1); db = myDBHelper.getWritableDatabase(); ContentValues values = new ContentValues(); for(int i=0; i<50; i++){ values.put("name", "data"+i); values.put("salary", 1000+i); values.put("phone","12345678901"); db.insert("person", null, values); values.clear(); } personList = new ArrayList<>(); Cursor cursor = db.query("person",new String[]{"name", "salary", "phone"},null,null,null,null,null,null); while (cursor.moveToNext()){ Person person = new Person(); person.setName(cursor.getString(0)); person.setSalary(cursor.getInt(1)); person.setPhone(cursor.getString(2)); personList.add(person); } cursor.close(); ListView lv = (ListView) findViewById(R.id.lv); if(lv != null) lv.setAdapter(new MyAdapter()); } class MyAdapter extends BaseAdapter{ //提供给系统调用,指定集合中有多少个元素 @Override public int getCount() { return personList.size(); } //提供给系统调用,获取一个View来显示 @Override public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
//这个TextView将来要在MainActivity中显示,所以应将MainActivity.this作为TextView的上下文 TextView text = new TextView(MainActivity.this); text.setText(personList.get(position).toString()); text.setTextSize(18); return text; } @Override public Object getItem(int position) { return null; } @Override public long getItemId(int position) { return 0; } } }
效果
布局优化
对上面的显示效果可以作出如下的优化
- 新增布局文件item_list.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent" tools:context="xidian.dy.com.chujia.MainActivity"> <TextView android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:textSize="30sp"/> <LinearLayout android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:orientation="vertical" android:layout_alignParentRight="true" android:layout_alignParentEnd="true" > <TextView android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:textSize="15sp" /> <TextView android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:textSize="15sp" /> </LinearLayout> </RelativeLayout>
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修改Activity
package xidian.dy.com.chujia; import android.content.ContentValues; import android.database.Cursor; import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase; import android.os.Bundle; import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity; import android.view.View; import android.view.ViewGroup; import android.widget.BaseAdapter; import android.widget.ListView; import android.widget.TextView; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.List; public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity { private SQLiteDatabase db; private List<Person> personList; @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { MainActivity mContext = MainActivity.this; super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); MyDBOpenHelper myDBHelper = new MyDBOpenHelper(mContext, "my.db", null, 1); db = myDBHelper.getWritableDatabase(); ContentValues values = new ContentValues(); for(int i=0; i<50; i++){ values.put("name", "data"+i); values.put("salary", 1000+i); values.put("phone","12345678901"); db.insert("person", null, values); values.clear(); } personList = new ArrayList<>(); Cursor cursor = db.query("person",new String[]{"name", "salary", "phone"},null,null,null,null,null,null); while (cursor.moveToNext()){ Person person = new Person(); person.setName(cursor.getString(0)); person.setSalary(cursor.getInt(1)); person.setPhone(cursor.getString(2)); personList.add(person); } cursor.close(); ListView lv = (ListView) findViewById(R.id.lv); if(lv != null) lv.setAdapter(new MyAdapter()); } class MyAdapter extends BaseAdapter{ //提供给系统调用,指定集合中有多少个元素 @Override public int getCount() { return personList.size(); } //提供给系统调用,获取一个View来显示 @Override public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) { //将一个布局文件转为一个View对象 View v = View.inflate(MainActivity.this, R.layout.item_list,null); //设置该对象中的值 TextView txt1 = (TextView) v.findViewById(R.id.name); TextView txt2 = (TextView) v.findViewById(R.id.salary); TextView txt3 = (TextView) v.findViewById(R.id.phone); Person p = personList.get(position); if (txt1 != null) txt1.setText(p.getName()); if (txt2 != null) //因为p.getSalary()是int类型,所以应转为字符串类型 txt2.setText(String.valueOf(p.getSalary())); if (txt3 != null ) txt3.setText(p.getPhone()); //将一个布局嵌套到另一个中 return v; } @Override public Object getItem(int position) { return null; } @Override public long getItemId(int position) { return 0; } } }
效果
优化
当我们在滑动屏幕的时候,每出现一个新的条目,适配器中getView方法就会被调用一次。在每次调用的时候都会创建一个View对象,这样非常消耗内存。但是getView中有一个参数convertView,这个一个缓存对象。当一个条目被移除屏幕的时候,该条目对应的View对象就会被缓存起来。当getView方法被调用的时候,我们可以获取缓存对象,从而避免去创建新的对象了。
package xidian.dy.com.chujia; import android.content.ContentValues; import android.database.Cursor; import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase; import android.os.Bundle; import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity; import android.view.View; import android.view.ViewGroup; import android.widget.BaseAdapter; import android.widget.ListView; import android.widget.TextView; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.List; public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity { private SQLiteDatabase db; private List<Person> personList; @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { MainActivity mContext = MainActivity.this; super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); MyDBOpenHelper myDBHelper = new MyDBOpenHelper(mContext, "my.db", null, 1); db = myDBHelper.getWritableDatabase(); ContentValues values = new ContentValues(); for(int i=0; i<50; i++){ values.put("name", "data"+i); values.put("salary", 1000+i); values.put("phone","12345678901"); db.insert("person", null, values); values.clear(); } personList = new ArrayList<>(); Cursor cursor = db.query("person",new String[]{"name", "salary", "phone"},null,null,null,null,null,null); while (cursor.moveToNext()){ Person person = new Person(); person.setName(cursor.getString(0)); person.setSalary(cursor.getInt(1)); person.setPhone(cursor.getString(2)); personList.add(person); } cursor.close(); ListView lv = (ListView) findViewById(R.id.lv); if(lv != null) lv.setAdapter(new MyAdapter()); } class MyAdapter extends BaseAdapter{ //提供给系统调用,指定集合中有多少个元素 @Override public int getCount() { return personList.size(); } //提供给系统调用,获取一个View来显示 @Override public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) { View v; if(convertView == null) //将一个布局文件转为一个View对象 v = View.inflate(MainActivity.this, R.layout.item_list, null); else //使用缓存中的View对象,避免重新创建 v=convertView; //设置该对象中的值 TextView txt1 = (TextView) v.findViewById(R.id.name); TextView txt2 = (TextView) v.findViewById(R.id.salary); TextView txt3 = (TextView) v.findViewById(R.id.phone); Person p = personList.get(position); if (txt1 != null) txt1.setText(p.getName()); if (txt2 != null) //因为p.getSalary()是int类型,所以应转为字符串类型 txt2.setText(String.valueOf(p.getSalary())); if (txt3 != null ) txt3.setText(p.getPhone()); //将一个布局嵌套到另一个中 return v; } @Override public Object getItem(int position) { return null; } @Override public long getItemId(int position) { return 0; } } }