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.NET实现事务的编码方式

2018-03-19 10:32  xiashengwang  阅读(343)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报

1,在T-SQL语句中用begin tran,end tran的方式

begin tran
--select top(1) * from dbo.test with(updlock)
update test with(updlock)
set name ='name_upd'
where id = 1
commit tran

2,利用ADO.NET的SqlTransaction类

     1)SqlConnection.ClientConnectionId可以查看出两个连接是否是连接池的同一个连接。
     2)一个SqlTransaction只能对应同一个SqlConnection,并且该SqlConnection不能关闭,否则SqlTransaction失效抛出异常。 从这个角度看,如果我们New SqlConnection() 两个链接,而ClientConnectionId相同,一定会是连接池先关闭了第一个SqlConnection,再把连接分配给了第二个SqlConnection,第一个SqlConnection如果有关联的SqlTransaction也会由于第一个SqlConnection的关闭而无效。总之,不要试图用一个SqlTransaction在多个SqlConnection间实现事务,这是行不通的。

3,利用.NET2.0提供的TransactionScope类

TransactionScope类可以实现分布式事务,不用在DB处理层处理事务,代码灵活也更加简洁,推荐使用。
msdn的一个例子:
// This function takes arguments for 2 connection strings and commands to create a transaction 
// involving two SQL Servers. It returns a value > 0 if the transaction is committed, 0 if the 
// transaction is rolled back. To test this code, you can connect to two different databases 
// on the same server by altering the connection string, or to another 3rd party RDBMS by 
// altering the code in the connection2 code block.
static public int CreateTransactionScope(
    string connectString1, string connectString2,
    string commandText1, string commandText2)
{
    // Initialize the return value to zero and create a StringWriter to display results.
    int returnValue = 0;
    System.IO.StringWriter writer = new System.IO.StringWriter();

    try
    {
        // Create the TransactionScope to execute the commands, guaranteeing
        // that both commands can commit or roll back as a single unit of work.
        using (TransactionScope scope = new TransactionScope())
        {
            using (SqlConnection connection1 = new SqlConnection(connectString1))
            {
                // Opening the connection automatically enlists it in the 
                // TransactionScope as a lightweight transaction.
                connection1.Open();

                // Create the SqlCommand object and execute the first command.
                SqlCommand command1 = new SqlCommand(commandText1, connection1);
                returnValue = command1.ExecuteNonQuery();
                writer.WriteLine("Rows to be affected by command1: {0}", returnValue);

                // If you get here, this means that command1 succeeded. By nesting
                // the using block for connection2 inside that of connection1, you
                // conserve server and network resources as connection2 is opened
                // only when there is a chance that the transaction can commit.   
                using (SqlConnection connection2 = new SqlConnection(connectString2))
                {
                    // The transaction is escalated to a full distributed
                    // transaction when connection2 is opened.
                    connection2.Open();

                    // Execute the second command in the second database.
                    returnValue = 0;
                    SqlCommand command2 = new SqlCommand(commandText2, connection2);
                    returnValue = command2.ExecuteNonQuery();
                    writer.WriteLine("Rows to be affected by command2: {0}", returnValue);
                }
            }

            // The Complete method commits the transaction. If an exception has been thrown,
            // Complete is not  called and the transaction is rolled back.
            scope.Complete();

        }

    }
    catch (TransactionAbortedException ex)
    {
        writer.WriteLine("TransactionAbortedException Message: {0}", ex.Message);
    }
    catch (ApplicationException ex)
    {
        writer.WriteLine("ApplicationException Message: {0}", ex.Message);
    }

    // Display messages.
    Console.WriteLine(writer.ToString());

    return returnValue;
}
View Code

几篇关于TransactionScope的博客

https://blog.appliedis.com/2015/05/27/the-magic-of-transactionscope/ 

下面这些情况会被提升成MSDTC分布式事务

1)不同服务器的数据库

2)同一服务器,不同数据库(连接字符串不同)。

3)同一服务器,同一数据库(连接字符串相同)。但出现了嵌套调用的情况。

     就是外层开了一个SqlConnection,还没有关闭,里面又New了一个SqlConnection,这时,.Net的连接池会开两个单独的连接,两个连接当然会     当成分布式的事务了。

要保证事务不被提升成分布式事务,有两种方式。

1)数据库字符串只能用同一个,事务内的所有操作,都共用同一个SqlConnection。

2)数据库字符串只能用同一个,事务内的所有操作,都必须串行的关闭自己开的连接。这种情况连接池会共用同一连接。

     一般写了DBHelper的工程,都是满足这个条件的。

要在同一事务内,访问同一服务器的不同数据库。有两种方式:

①  在sql文中,显示指定数据库名: TestDB..Table1 

② 利用SqlConnection的ChangeDatabase方法,更改成目标数据库名,然后执行SQL语句,记住用完切回原来的数据库。

4,如果是跨服务器部署数据库,那就要必须用分布式事务了,启用MSDTC的方法

http://blog.csdn.net/zy0421911/article/details/52225082

可以用DTCPing.exe软件测试两端是否正常连通