Ubuntu Server 24.04 LTS 安装 Docker 与 Docker Compose

参考

• https://www.sysgeek.cn/install-docker-ubuntu/ (主要参考)
• https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/help/ubuntu/ (清华镜像站)
• https://blog.csdn.net/dragonstrong/article/details/118915771 (ubuntu 设置代理，需要梯子开启局域网访问，并指定端口号)
• https://blog.csdn.net/sxzlc/article/details/105922314 (telnet 验证主机端口是否正常访问)
• https://blog.csdn.net/Fengdf666/article/details/140218342 (解决docker官方无法正常访问，切换docker下载为阿里源)
• https://juejin.cn/post/7135739035158315022
• https://blog.csdn.net/qq_45558497/article/details/123970473 (设置 docker 开机自启)

环境

软件/系统	版本	说明
VMware	Workstation 16 Pro 16.2.4 build-20089737
Ubuntu Server	Ubuntu Server 24.04 LTS
net-tools	2.10-0.1ubuntu4	软件包 (查看虚拟机ip使用)
nano	7.2-2build1	软件包(编辑器)
apt-transport-https	2.7.14build2	软件包
curl	8.5.0-2ubuntu10.3	软件包
docker-ce	5:27.2.0-1	软件包
docker-ce-cli	5:27.2.0-1	软件包
containerd.io	1.7.21-1	软件包
docker-compose-plugin	2.29.2-1	软件包

正文

1. 设置软件源为国内源(此处使用清华源)

   # 备份源
   sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ubuntu.sources  /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ubuntu.sources.back
   # 编辑源
   sudo nano /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ubuntu.sources
   

   将下面的内容填充到 ubuntu.sources

   Types: deb
   URIs: https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu
   Suites: noble noble-updates noble-backports
   Components: main restricted universe multiverse
   Signed-By: /usr/share/keyrings/ubuntu-archive-keyring.gpg
   
   # 默认注释了源码镜像以提高 apt update 速度，如有需要可自行取消注释
   # Types: deb-src
   # URIs: https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu
   # Suites: noble noble-updates noble-backports
   # Components: main restricted universe multiverse
   # Signed-By: /usr/share/keyrings/ubuntu-archive-keyring.gpg
   
   # 以下安全更新软件源包含了官方源与镜像站配置，如有需要可自行修改注释切换
   Types: deb
   URIs: http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/
   Suites: noble-security
   Components: main restricted universe multiverse
   Signed-By: /usr/share/keyrings/ubuntu-archive-keyring.gpg
   
   # Types: deb-src
   # URIs: http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/
   # Suites: noble-security
   # Components: main restricted universe multiverse
   # Signed-By: /usr/share/keyrings/ubuntu-archive-keyring.gpg
   
   # 预发布软件源，不建议启用
   
   # Types: deb
   # URIs: https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu
   # Suites: noble-proposed
   # Components: main restricted universe multiverse
   # Signed-By: /usr/share/keyrings/ubuntu-archive-keyring.gpg
   
   # # Types: deb-src
   # # URIs: https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu
   # # Suites: noble-proposed
   # # Components: main restricted universe multiverse
   # # Signed-By: /usr/share/keyrings/ubuntu-archive-keyring.gpg
   

2. 更新软件包并安装必要软件

   由于备份了 ubuntu.sources 为 ubuntu.sources.back 所以后续执行 apt 相关命令时会提示N: Ignoring file 'ubuntu.sources.back' in directory '/etc/apt/sources.list.d/' as it has an invalid filename extension，忽视即可。

   sudo apt update
   sudo apt install apt-transport-https curl
   

3. 导入阿里云官方 GPG 密钥

   curl -fsSL https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu/gpg | sudo gpg --dearmor -o /etc/apt/keyrings/docker.gpg
   

4. 添加阿里云源

   echo "deb [arch=$(dpkg --print-architecture) signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/docker.gpg] https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu  $(lsb_release -cs) stable" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/docker.list > /dev/null
   

5. 更新源

   sudo apt update
   

6. 安装

   sudo apt install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io docker-buildx-plugin docker-compose-plugin -y
   

7. 检查运行状态

   sudo systemctl is-active docker
   

   显示如下为正常

   active
   

8. 设置 docker 开机启动

   systemctl enable docker.service
   

9. 常用命令