Springboot2.x单元测试

参考

• https://blog.csdn.net/wangxi06/article/details/114630426
• https://blog.csdn.net/qq_44381387/article/details/120869168 (新版spring-boot-starter-test不再集成junit，而是junit-jupiter，无需 @RunWith)
• https://www.jianshu.com/p/34f57f41af70
• https://www.cnblogs.com/qdhxhz/p/13684458.html
• https://blog.csdn.net/pan_junbiao/article/details/104296855
• https://blog.csdn.net/ryo1060732496/article/details/80792246
• https://junit.org/junit5/ （junit5官网）
• https://blog.csdn.net/qq_38928944/article/details/82220016 （assertThat用法）
• https://blog.csdn.net/wangxi06/article/details/114630426
• https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/428798586
• https://blog.csdn.net/fanxiaobin577328725/article/details/78407192
• https://juejin.cn/post/7023706905570705415
• https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/61342833 （MockMvc用法）

注意

1. 新版spring-boot-starter-test不再集成junit，而是junit-jupiter，无需 @RunWith（本文章使用的版本 2.3.12.RELEASE）
2. vs code 插件由于安装了无法提供更准确的插件名称，应该罗列的这几个就是。

环境

环境	版本	操作
windows	10
vs code	1.84.2
Spring Boot Extension Pack	v0.2.1	vscode插件
Extension Pack for Java	v0.25.15	vscode插件
JDK	11
Springboot	2.3.12.RELEASE

正文

junit5

仅仅一部分示例，具体请参考官网

package com.example.demo.service;

import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertNotEquals;
import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertNull;
import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertTrue;

import javax.annotation.Resource;

import org.junit.jupiter.api.AfterAll;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.AfterEach;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeAll;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;

import com.example.demo.entity.UserEntity;

@SpringBootTest
public class UserServiceTest {

    @Resource
    UserService userService;

    @BeforeAll
    static void beforeAll(){
        System.out.println("==beforeAll==");
    }

    @AfterAll
    static void afterAll(){
        System.out.println("==AfterAll==");
    }

    @BeforeEach
    void beforeEach(){
        System.out.println("==BeforeEach==");
    }

    @AfterEach
    void afterEach(){
        System.out.println("==AfterEach==");
    }

    @Test
    void testAdd() {
        UserEntity userEntity = userService.add();
        // 相等
        assertEquals(userEntity.getId(), 1);
        // 不相等
        assertNotEquals(2, 1);
        // 对象是为空
        assertNull(null);
        // 断言为真
        assertTrue(true);
    }
}

控制器测试 WebMvcTest

仅仅一部分简单示例。

1. src\main\java\com\example\demo\controller\IndexController.java

package com.example.demo.controller;

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;


import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;


@RestController
@RequestMapping("/")
public class IndexController {

    @GetMapping("test")
    public String test() {
        return "hello";
    }
    
}

2. src\test\java\com\example\demo\controller\IndexControllerTest.java

package com.example.demo.controller;

import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;

import org.assertj.core.data.Index;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.extension.ExtendWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.web.servlet.WebMvcTest;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.http.MediaType;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit.jupiter.SpringExtension;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MockMvc;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultHandlers;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.setup.MockMvcBuilders;

// @SpringBootTest
// 告诉 JUnit 5 启用 Spring 支持
@ExtendWith(SpringExtension.class)
@WebMvcTest(controllers = IndexController.class)
public class IndexControllerTest {

    /**
     * 加上 @WebMvcTest(controllers = IndexController.class) 就可以自动注入，不加就要在 @BeforeEach 手动注入。
     */
    @Autowired
    private MockMvc mvc;

    // @BeforeEach
    // public void setUp() throws Exception {
    //     mvc = MockMvcBuilders.standaloneSetup(new IndexController()).build();
    //     System.out.println("初始化mock模块");
    // }

    @Test
    void testTest() throws Exception {
        String responseString = mvc.perform(
                                        MockMvcRequestBuilders.get("/test")
                                        .accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)
                                    )
                                    //返回的状态是200
                                    .andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.status().isOk())    
                                    // 断言是否等于指定字符串
                                    .andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.content().string("hello"))
                                    // 打印响应
                                    .andDo(MockMvcResultHandlers.print())
                                    // 将相应的数据转换为字符串;
                                    .andReturn().getResponse().getContentAsString();   
        // System.out.println("获取结果为：" + responseString);
        // assertEquals(responseString, "hello");
    }

}