Python爬虫学习笔记-2.Requests库
Requests是Python的一个优雅而简单的HTTP库,它比Pyhton内置的urllib库,更加强大。
0X01 基本使用
安装 Requests,只要在你的终端中运行这个简单命令即可:
pip install requests
基本HTTP 请求类型:
r = requests.get('http://httpbin.org/get') r = requests.post("http://httpbin.org/post") r = requests.put("http://httpbin.org/put") r = requests.delete("http://httpbin.org/delete") r = requests.head("http://httpbin.org/get") r = requests.options("http://httpbin.org/get")
简单的一个请求:
import requests r = requests.get('http://192.168.125.129/config/sql.php?id=1') print r.headers print r.status_code print r.url print r.text print r.content
GET方式:
import requests payload ={'id':1} r = requests.get('http://192.168.125.129/config/sql.php',params=payload) print r.url print r.content
POST方式:
import requests payload ={'id':1} r = requests.post('http://192.168.125.129/config/sql.php',data=payload) print r.content
0X02 高级用法
1、设置headers
import requests url='http://192.168.125.129/config/sql.php?id=1' headers={'User-Agent':'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64; rv:55.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/55.0'} r= requests.get(url,headers=headers) print r.text
2、模拟登录和抓取数据的简单示例
s = requests.session() data = {'user':'用户名','passdw':'密码'} #post 换成登录的地址, res=s.post('http://www.xxx.com/login.php',data); #换成抓取的地址 s.get('http://www.xxx.com/admin/config.php');
3、已知cookie,进行登录
import requests raw_cookies="PHPSESSID=0c1e5a748e064e93e91cca1714708339; security=impossible" cookies={} for line in raw_cookies.split(';'): key,value=line.split('=',1) cookies[key]=value testurl='http://192.168.125.129/vulnerabilities/upload/' s=requests.get(testurl,cookies=cookies) print s.text
4、SSL证书验证问题
result=requests.get('https://www.v2ex.com', verify=False)
忽略验证SSL证书,不然会报错
5、proxy设置
proxies = { "http":"http://ip:端口号" "https":"https://ip:端口号" } request.get(url, proxies=proxies)
6、302重定向
result=s.post(loginUrl,data=postdata,headers=header,verify=False,allow_redirects=False)
7、使用Python Requests上传表单数据和文件
import requests url = "http://www.xxx.cn/upload.php" files ={"username":(None,"test"), 'filename':('1.jpg',open('1.jpg','rb'),'image/jpeg'), "password":(None,"test123!")} res = requests.post(url, files=files) print res.request.body print res.request.headers
输出请求体、请求头效果如下:
--5e800fd12507423aa2e4a024db7b1fa1 Content-Disposition: form-data; name="username" test --5e800fd12507423aa2e4a024db7b1fa1 Content-Disposition: form-data; name="password" test123! --5e800fd12507423aa2e4a024db7b1fa1 Content-Disposition: form-data; name="filename"; filename="1.jpg" Content-Type: image/jpeg 11111111111111111 1111111111111 11111111111111111 --5e800fd12507423aa2e4a024db7b1fa1-- {'Content-Length': '667', 'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip, deflate', 'Accept': '*/*', 'User-Agent': 'python-requests/2.12.4', 'Connection': 'keep-alive', 'Content-Type': 'multipart/form-data; boundary=5e800fd12507423aa2e4a024db7b1fa1'}
参考资料:
http://cn.python-requests.org/zh_CN/latest/user/quickstart.html
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