Python爬虫学习笔记-2.Requests库

　　Requests是Python的一个优雅而简单的HTTP库,它比Pyhton内置的urllib库，更加强大。

0X01 基本使用

　　安装 Requests，只要在你的终端中运行这个简单命令即可：

pip install requests

　　基本HTTP 请求类型：

r = requests.get('http://httpbin.org/get')
r = requests.post("http://httpbin.org/post")
r = requests.put("http://httpbin.org/put")
r = requests.delete("http://httpbin.org/delete")
r = requests.head("http://httpbin.org/get")
r = requests.options("http://httpbin.org/get")

　　简单的一个请求：

import requests
r = requests.get('http://192.168.125.129/config/sql.php?id=1')
print r.headers
print r.status_code
print r.url
print r.text
print r.content

　　GET方式：

import requests
payload ={'id':1}
r = requests.get('http://192.168.125.129/config/sql.php',params=payload)
print r.url
print r.content

　　POST方式：

import requests
payload ={'id':1}
r = requests.post('http://192.168.125.129/config/sql.php',data=payload)
print r.content

0X02 高级用法

1、设置headers

import requests
url='http://192.168.125.129/config/sql.php?id=1'
headers={'User-Agent':'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64; rv:55.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/55.0'}
r= requests.get(url,headers=headers)
print r.text

2、模拟登录和抓取数据的简单示例

s = requests.session()
data = {'user':'用户名','passdw':'密码'}
#post 换成登录的地址，
res=s.post('http://www.xxx.com/login.php',data);
#换成抓取的地址
s.get('http://www.xxx.com/admin/config.php');

3、已知cookie，进行登录

import requests
raw_cookies="PHPSESSID=0c1e5a748e064e93e91cca1714708339; security=impossible"
cookies={}
for line in raw_cookies.split(';'):  
    key,value=line.split('=',1)
    cookies[key]=value  
testurl='http://192.168.125.129/vulnerabilities/upload/'  
s=requests.get(testurl,cookies=cookies)  
print s.text

4、SSL证书验证问题

result=requests.get('https://www.v2ex.com', verify=False)

忽略验证SSL证书，不然会报错

5、proxy设置

  proxies = {
      "http":"http://ip:端口号"
      "https":"https://ip:端口号"
   }
   request.get(url, proxies=proxies)

6、302重定向

result=s.post(loginUrl,data=postdata,headers=header,verify=False,allow_redirects=False)

7、使用Python Requests上传表单数据和文件

import requests
url = "http://www.xxx.cn/upload.php"
files ={"username":(None,"test"),
        'filename':('1.jpg',open('1.jpg','rb'),'image/jpeg'),
        "password":(None,"test123!")}
res = requests.post(url, files=files)
print res.request.body
print res.request.headers

输出请求体、请求头效果如下：

--5e800fd12507423aa2e4a024db7b1fa1
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="username"

test
--5e800fd12507423aa2e4a024db7b1fa1
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="password"

test123!
--5e800fd12507423aa2e4a024db7b1fa1
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="filename"; filename="1.jpg"
Content-Type: image/jpeg


11111111111111111
1111111111111
11111111111111111

--5e800fd12507423aa2e4a024db7b1fa1--

{'Content-Length': '667', 'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip, deflate', 'Accept': '*/*', 'User-Agent': 'python-requests/2.12.4', 'Connection': 'keep-alive', 'Content-Type': 'multipart/form-data; boundary=5e800fd12507423aa2e4a024db7b1fa1'}