MySQL 函数笔记
统计相关函数
COUNT和SUM函数使用小技巧
参考自: MySQL - Conditional COUNT with GROUP BY
在一个 SQL 中统计多个指标的个数:
SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT col1)
, COUNT(DISTINCT CASE WHEN col2 > 10 THEN col2 ELSE 0 END) - 1
, SUM(CASE WHEN col3 > 0 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END)
FROM tableName;
Date and Time Functions
DATE_ADD()/DATE_SUB()
DATE_ADD(dateTime, INTERVAL 100 SECOND)
DATE_FORMAT()
DATE_FORMAT(dateTime, "%Y-%m-%d %H:%i:%S")
TIMESTAMPDIFF()/TIMESTAMPADD()
TIMESTAMPDIFF(unit, expr1, expr2)
: expr2 - expr1
得到多少个 unit
.
TIMESTAMPADD(unit,interval,datetime_expr)
String Functions
LENGTH() VS CHAR_LENGTH()
LENGTH()
: 字符串占用存储空间的字节数;
CHAR_LENGTH()
: 字符串在这种字符集下的字符个数;
在 UTF-8 编码下, 一个中文汉字一般占用三个字节:
mysql> SELECT LENGTH(_utf8mb4 '中文'), CHAR_LENGTH(_utf8mb4 '中文');
+---------------------------+--------------------------------+
| LENGTH(_utf8mb4 '中文') | CHAR_LENGTH(_utf8mb4 '中文') |
+---------------------------+--------------------------------+
| 6 | 2 |
+---------------------------+--------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
SUBSTRING()/LOCATE()
SUBSTRING(str,pos), SUBSTRING(str FROM pos), SUBSTRING(str,pos,len), SUBSTRING(str FROM pos FOR len)`
LOCATE(substr,str), LOCATE(substr,str,pos)
mysql> SELECT SUBSTRING('大部门-中部门-小部门',
LOCATE('大部门-中部门', '大部门-中部门-小部门') + CHAR_LENGTH('大部门-中部门') + 1)
AS sub_dept_name;
+---------------+
| sub_dept_name |
+---------------+
| 小部门 |
+---------------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)
TRIM()
删除字符串中的 前缀/后缀/任意位置 的 空白/特定 字符串(MySQL 5.7 TRIM):
mysql> SELECT TRIM(' bar ');
+------------------+
| TRIM(' bar ') |
+------------------+
| bar |
+------------------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)
mysql> SELECT TRIM(LEADING 'x' FROM 'xxxbarxxx');
+------------------------------------+
| TRIM(LEADING 'x' FROM 'xxxbarxxx') |
+------------------------------------+
| barxxx |
+------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)
mysql> SELECT TRIM(BOTH 'x' FROM 'xxxbarxxx');
+---------------------------------+
| TRIM(BOTH 'x' FROM 'xxxbarxxx') |
+---------------------------------+
| bar |
+---------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> SELECT TRIM(TRAILING 'xyz' FROM 'barxxyz');
+-------------------------------------+
| TRIM(TRAILING 'xyz' FROM 'barxxyz') |
+-------------------------------------+
| barx |
+-------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)