05-22 行为类设计模式之状态模式

状态模式

1状态模式

模拟电梯控制器

"""抽象状态类"""
class LiftState:
    def open(self):
        pass
    def close(self):
        pass
    def run(self):
        pass
    def stop(self):
        pass
 
"""具体状态类"""
class OpenState(LiftState):
    def open(self):
        print "OPEN:The door is opened..."
        return self
    def close(self):
        print "OPEN:The door start to close..."
        print "OPEN:The door is closed"
        return StopState()
    def run(self):
        print "OPEN:Run Forbidden."
        return self
    def stop(self):
        print "OPEN:Stop Forbidden."
        return self
class RunState(LiftState):
    def open(self):
        print "RUN:Open Forbidden."
        return self
    def close(self):
        print "RUN:Close Forbidden."
        return self
    def run(self):
        print "RUN:The lift is running..."
        return self
    def stop(self):
        print "RUN:The lift start to stop..."
        print "RUN:The lift stopped..."
        return StopState()
class StopState(LiftState):
    def open(self):
        print "STOP:The door is opening..."
        print "STOP:The door is opened..."
        return OpenState()
    def close(self):
        print "STOP:Close Forbidden"
        return self
    def run(self):
        print "STOP:The lift start to run..."
        return RunState()
    def stop(self):
        print "STOP:The lift is stopped."
        return self
     
"""上下文类"""
class Context:
    lift_state=""
    def getState(self):
        return self.lift_state
    def setState(self,lift_state):
        self.lift_state=lift_state
    def open(self):
        self.setState(self.lift_state.open())
    def close(self):
        self.setState(self.lift_state.close())
    def run(self):
        self.setState(self.lift_state.run())
    def stop(self):
        self.setState(self.lift_state.stop())

状态模式的定义如下:当一个对象内在状态改变时允许其改变行为,这个对象看起来像改变了其类。

2状态模式的优点和应用

优点:
1、状态模式的优点是结构清晰,相比于if…else…简约了不少;
2、封装性好,外部调用不必知道内部实现细节。
应用场景:
1、行为状态改变的场景。这点在各种控制器中非常常见,同时,逻辑结构为状态转移图的场景中都非常适用。

3状态模式的缺点

1、在状态比较多时,子类也会非常多,不便于管理。
posted @ 2019-10-23 18:57  小猿取经-林海峰老师  阅读(217)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报