Spring DI使用详解
Spring DI使用详解
一、介绍
- DI的定义:依赖注入,为类里面的属性设值。例如,我们之前的setName方法就是在为name属性设值。
- IOC与DI的关系:IOC进行对象的创建,DI进行值的注入。二者共同管理JavaBean,但DI是在IOC的基础上存在的,它不能单独存在。
二、代码演示
DI依赖注入也有两种方式,即配置文件注入和注解注入
一、配置文件注入
属性须知:
- type:用于指定要注入的数据的数据类型,该数据类型也是构造函数中某个或某些参数的类型
- index:用于指定要注入的数据给构造函数中指定索引位置的参数赋值,索引的位置从 0 开始
- name:用于指定给构造函数中指定名称的参数赋值(一般用这个)
- value:用于提供基本类型和String类型的数据
- ref:用于指定其他的bean类型数据,即bean的id
前期代码准备:
//Dao.Class文件
public class Dao {
private String testDI;
public Dao(String testDI){
this.testDI=testDI;
}
}
//Service.Class文件
public class Service {
private Dao dao;
private String test;
private Map<String,String> map;
private Properties properties;
public void setProperties(Properties properties) {
this.properties = properties;
}
public void setMap(Map<String, String> map) {
this.map = map;
}
public void setDao(Dao dao) {
this.dao = dao;
}
public void setDao(Dao dao) {
this.dao = dao;
}
private String[] args;
private List<String> list;
public void setArgs(String[] args) {
this.args = args;
}
public void setList(List<String> list) {
this.list = list;
}
}
applicationContext.xml配置文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
</beans>
配置文件注入又分三种 :
-
使用有参构造注入(以Dao类为例)
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd"> <bean id="dao" class="com.testWeb.dao.impl.Dao"> <constructor-arg name="testDI" value="测试DI"></constructor-arg> </bean> </beans>
-
使用set方法注入(以Service类为例,注意:set方法注入为常用方法,且注入对象也较为重要,请牢牢掌握)
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd"> <bean id="dao" class="com.testWeb.dao.impl.Dao"> <constructor-arg name="testDI" value="测试DI"></constructor-arg> </bean> <bean id="service" class="com.testWeb.service.Service"> <property name="dao" ref="dao"></property> </bean> </beans>
-
P名称空间注入
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd"> <bean id="dao" class="com.testWeb.dao.impl.Dao"> <constructor-arg name="testDI" value="测试DI"></constructor-arg> </bean> <bean id="service" class="com.testWeb.service.Service" p:dao-ref="dao" p:test="测试"></bean> </beans>
4.复杂属性的注入
这里复杂属性的注入其实属于set注入,但由于代码量原因,就另起一点了。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
<!--
id:用于SpringIOC调用,可以为任意
class:类的全路径
-->
<bean id="user" class="com.testWeb.daomain.User"></bean>
<!--开启注解扫描-->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.testWeb"></context:component-scan>
<bean id="dao" class="com.testWeb.dao.impl.Dao">
<constructor-arg name="testDI" value="测试DI"></constructor-arg>
</bean>
<bean id="service" class="com.testWeb.service.Service" p:dao-ref="dao" p:test="测试">
<!--数组-->
<property name="args">
<list>
<value>测试1</value>
<value>测试2</value>
<value>测试3</value>
</list>
</property>
<!-- List-->
<property name="list">
<list>
<value>测试1</value>
<value>测试2</value>
<value>测试3</value>
</list>
</property>
<!--Map-->
<property name="map">
<map>
<entry key="name" value="LiMing"></entry>
<entry key="class" value="Class1"></entry>
<entry key="hoby" value="PingPang"></entry>
</map>
</property>
<!--properties-->
<property name="properties">
<props>
<prop key="driverclass">com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</prop>
</props>
</property>
</bean>
</beans>
二、注解注入
第一步、开启注解包扫描
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
<!--开启注解扫描-->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.testWeb"></context:component-scan>
</beans>
第二步、利用注解创建对象并注入属性
//Dao.class文件
@Service(value = "dao")
public class Dao {
public void test(){
System.out.println("test");
}
}
//Service.class文件
@Service(value = "service")
public class Service {
//得到dao对象
//在dao属性上利用注解直接注入,使用注解不用set方法
@Autowired //自动装配
private Dao dao;
//name中注解创建对象的Value值
@Resource(name="dao")
private Dao dao1;
}