php-5.6.26源代码 - hash存储结构 - hash算法
// zend_inline_hash_func 实现在文件“php-5.6.26\Zend\zend_hash.h” h = zend_inline_hash_func(arKey, nKeyLength); { // zend_hash_add 定义在文件“php-5.6.26\Zend\zend_hash.h” /* * DJBX33A (Daniel J. Bernstein, Times 33 with Addition) * * This is Daniel J. Bernstein's popular `times 33' hash function as * posted by him years ago on comp.lang.c. It basically uses a function * like ``hash(i) = hash(i-1) * 33 + str[i]''. This is one of the best * known hash functions for strings. Because it is both computed very * fast and distributes very well. * * The magic of number 33, i.e. why it works better than many other * constants, prime or not, has never been adequately explained by * anyone. So I try an explanation: if one experimentally tests all * multipliers between 1 and 256 (as RSE did now) one detects that even * numbers are not useable at all. The remaining 128 odd numbers * (except for the number 1) work more or less all equally well. They * all distribute in an acceptable way and this way fill a hash table * with an average percent of approx. 86%. * * If one compares the Chi^2 values of the variants, the number 33 not * even has the best value. But the number 33 and a few other equally * good numbers like 17, 31, 63, 127 and 129 have nevertheless a great * advantage to the remaining numbers in the large set of possible * multipliers: their multiply operation can be replaced by a faster * operation based on just one shift plus either a single addition * or subtraction operation. And because a hash function has to both * distribute good _and_ has to be very fast to compute, those few * numbers should be preferred and seems to be the reason why Daniel J. * Bernstein also preferred it. * * * -- Ralf S. Engelschall <rse@engelschall.com> */ static inline ulong zend_inline_hash_func(const char *arKey, uint nKeyLength) { register ulong hash = 5381; /* variant with the hash unrolled eight times */ for (; nKeyLength >= 8; nKeyLength -= 8) { hash = ((hash << 5) + hash) + *arKey++; hash = ((hash << 5) + hash) + *arKey++; hash = ((hash << 5) + hash) + *arKey++; hash = ((hash << 5) + hash) + *arKey++; hash = ((hash << 5) + hash) + *arKey++; hash = ((hash << 5) + hash) + *arKey++; hash = ((hash << 5) + hash) + *arKey++; hash = ((hash << 5) + hash) + *arKey++; } switch (nKeyLength) { case 7: hash = ((hash << 5) + hash) + *arKey++; /* fallthrough... */ case 6: hash = ((hash << 5) + hash) + *arKey++; /* fallthrough... */ case 5: hash = ((hash << 5) + hash) + *arKey++; /* fallthrough... */ case 4: hash = ((hash << 5) + hash) + *arKey++; /* fallthrough... */ case 3: hash = ((hash << 5) + hash) + *arKey++; /* fallthrough... */ case 2: hash = ((hash << 5) + hash) + *arKey++; /* fallthrough... */ case 1: hash = ((hash << 5) + hash) + *arKey++; break; case 0: break; EMPTY_SWITCH_DEFAULT_CASE() } return hash; } }