记一次ssh免密登录

记一次ssh免密登录

概念

Secure Shell(安全外壳协议，ssh)，是一种加密的网络传输协议，可在不安全的网络中为网络服务提供安全的传输环境。SSH通过在网络中创建安全隧道来实现SSH客户端与服务器之间的连接。虽然如何网络服务都可以通过SSH实现安全传输，SSH最常见的用途是远程登陆系统，通常利用SSH来传输命令行界面和远程执行命令。

  • 对称加密

    对称加密使用同一个密钥来进行加密和解密。账号密码(口令)可以看作一种对称加密方式

  • 非对称加密

    非对称加密有两个密钥：私钥和公钥，数据使用公钥加密后，只能用私钥进行解密。
    • 公钥：加密，公开
    • 私钥：解密，私有

  • SSH的两种登录方式

    • 口令登录

    • 密钥登录

      # 提前将公钥发送到目标服务器中

      1. 发送登录请求并发送一个公钥指纹，服务器对指纹进行验证，查看指纹是否一致
      2. 服务器随机生成一串随机数，使用公钥加密
      3. 客户端使用私钥进行解密，并发送解密后的信息
      4. 对解密后的信息对比是否一致

路由器配置ssh免密登录

以H3C路由器为例，HCL环境

  1. 配置IP地址略

  2. 生成密钥对

    # win10的cmd下生成的，也可使用其它工具进行生成
# 

C:\Users\Tao>ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 2048
# t 指定密钥类型	默认rsa
# b 指定密钥长度	默认2048
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (C:\Users\Tao/.ssh/id_rsa): Tao   # 保存的文件名
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):		# 这里设置密钥的密码		按需设置
Enter same passphrase again:		# 这里确认密钥的密码
Your identification has been saved in Tao.
Your public key has been saved in Tao.pub.
The key fingerprint is:		
SHA256:B0k4N7yruAZ3CYD9a3wbOq97kNKvwa/tmdmg1PNhWFo tao@DESKTOP-3TSULKA		# 指纹信息
The key's randomart image is:
+---[RSA 2048]----+
| o     o.        |
|. o   o.+.       |
|   o   ooo       |
|    o   ..       |
|   o + .E..      |
|  o.O.==..       |
|   =+B*+o        |
|   .===X .       |
|   .B@O o        |
+----[SHA256]-----+

  3. 将公钥放置路由器

    我这里使用的win10的IIS中的FTP配置过程略

    <H3C>ftp 192.168.56.101		# 使用ftp登录
Press CTRL+C to abort.
Connected to 192.168.56.101 (192.168.56.101).
220 Microsoft FTP Service
User (192.168.56.101:(none)): anonymous		# 输入用户名  匿名用户名为：anonymous
331 Anonymous access allowed, send identity (e-mail name) as password.
Password:	
230 User logged in.
Remote system type is Windows_NT.
ftp> dir		# 列出文件
227 Entering Passive Mode (192,168,56,101,249,170).
125 Data connection already open; Transfer starting.
05-16-21  08:35AM                  402 Tao.pub		# 这是我们的公钥 ，生成两个文件后缀为.pub的是公钥，没有后缀的是私钥
226 Transfer complete.
ftp> get Tao.pub	# 下载
227 Entering Passive Mode (192,168,56,101,249,171).
125 Data connection already open; Transfer starting.
.
226 Transfer complete.
402 bytes received in 0.002 seconds (196.29 Kbytes/s)
ftp> quit	# 退出ftp
221 Goodbye.
<H3C>dir	# 查看路由器的文件
Directory of flash:
   0 -rw-         402 May 16 2021 08:36:36   Tao.pub
   1 drw-           - May 15 2021 17:19:14   diagfile
   2 -rw-         402 May 16 2021 04:31:50   h3c.pub	# 这就是我们刚刚下载下来的公钥
   3 -rw-         735 May 16 2021 04:32:38   hostkey
   4 -rw-       43136 May 15 2021 17:19:14   licbackup
   5 drw-           - May 15 2021 17:19:14   license
   6 -rw-       43136 May 15 2021 17:19:14   licnormal
   7 drw-           - May 15 2021 17:19:14   logfile
   8 -rw-           0 May 15 2021 17:19:14   msr36-cmw710-boot-a7514.bin
   9 -rw-           0 May 15 2021 17:19:14   msr36-cmw710-system-a7514.bin
  10 drw-           - May 15 2021 17:19:20   pki
  11 drw-           - May 15 2021 17:19:14   seclog
  12 -rw-         591 May 16 2021 04:32:38   serverkey

1046512 KB total (1046356 KB free)

<H3C>

  4. 配置路由器SSH

    [H3C]public-key local create rsa	# 生成rsa密钥对
[H3C]ssh server enable	# 开启ssh
[H3C]line vty 0 4	# 配置虚拟接口
[H3C-line-vty0-4]authentication-mode scheme		# 认证方式
[H3C-line-vty0-4]quit
[H3C]public-key peer h3c import sshkey Tao.pub  # 导入公钥并更名为h3c

# 配置ssh用户的认证方式并指定公钥为h3c
[H3C]ssh user xiaowangc service-type stelnet authentication-type publickey assign publickey h3c
[H3C]local-user xiaowangc class manage		# 创建本地用户
[H3C-luser-manage-xiaowangc]service-type ssh	# 服务器类型
[H3C-luser-manage-xiaowangc]authorization-attribute user-role network-admin  # 用户角色
[H3C-luser-manage-xiaowangc]quit

  5. 测试连接

    C:\Users\Tao>ssh xiaowangc@192.168.56.110 -c aes128-cbc -i Tao
# i 指定私钥
# c 指定加密类型
The authenticity of host '192.168.56.110 (192.168.56.110)' can't be established.
RSA key fingerprint is SHA256:wMmxasuUNqNvee0426c5wUcV5rcdphvVoGw3SaR7vBU.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes	# 是否永久添加到列表
Warning: Permanently added '192.168.56.110' (RSA) to the list of known hosts.

******************************************************************************
* Copyright (c) 2004-2017 New H3C Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.*
* Without the owner's prior written consent,                                 *
* no decompiling or reverse-engineering shall be allowed.                    *
******************************************************************************

<H3C>

  6. 如果不想每次连接都指定加密类型和密钥可配置config文件（略）

Linux配置ssh免密登录

  1. 安装,网络拓扑

  2. 生成密钥对

    # win10的cmd下生成的，也可使用其它工具进行生成
# 

C:\Users\Tao>ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 2048
# t 指定密钥类型	默认rsa
# b 指定密钥长度	默认2048
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (C:\Users\Tao/.ssh/id_rsa): Tao   # 保存的文件名
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):		# 这里设置密钥的密码		按需设置
Enter same passphrase again:		# 这里确认密钥的密码
Your identification has been saved in Tao.
Your public key has been saved in Tao.pub.
The key fingerprint is:		
SHA256:B0k4N7yruAZ3CYD9a3wbOq97kNKvwa/tmdmg1PNhWFo tao@DESKTOP-3TSULKA		# 指纹信息
The key's randomart image is:
+---[RSA 2048]----+
| o     o.        |
|. o   o.+.       |
|   o   ooo       |
|    o   ..       |
|   o + .E..      |
|  o.O.==..       |
|   =+B*+o        |
|   .===X .       |
|   .B@O o        |
+----[SHA256]-----+

  3. 将公钥上传至服务器，并进行配置

    [root@localhost ~]# yum -y install ftp		# 安装ftp客户端
[root@localhost ~]# ftp 192.168.204.1		# 登录
Connected to 192.168.204.1 (192.168.204.1).
220 Microsoft FTP Service
Name (192.168.204.1:root): anonymous
331 Anonymous access allowed, send identity (e-mail name) as password.
Password:
230 User logged in.
Remote system type is Windows_NT.
ftp> dir
227 Entering Passive Mode (192,168,204,1,253,61).
125 Data connection already open; Transfer starting.
05-16-21  08:35AM                  402 Tao.pub
226 Transfer complete.
ftp> get Tao.pub		# 下载公钥
local: Tao.pub remote: Tao.pub
227 Entering Passive Mode (192,168,204,1,253,63).
125 Data connection already open; Transfer starting.
226 Transfer complete.
402 bytes received in 0.0001 secs (4020.00 Kbytes/sec)
ftp>quit
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir .ssh		# 创建.ssh文件
[root@localhost ~]# cat Tao.pub >> .ssh/authorized_keys		# 将公钥存放至文件

  4. 测试

    C:\Users\Tao>ssh root@192.168.204.131 -i Tao
Last login: Sun May 16 09:41:55 2021 from 192.168.204.1
[root@localhost ~]#

posted @ 2021-05-16 10:00  尤妤  阅读(377)  评论(0)  编辑  收藏  举报