django踩坑记录

在django中使用bootstrap4报错：OSError: [WinError 123] 文件名、目录名或卷标语法不正确。: ‘「frozen importlib._bootstrap」‘”

在aototest/settings.py 中加入如下内容：

INSTALL_APPS = (
	#...
	'bootstrap4',
	#...

在product_manage.html中：

# {# Load the tag library #}
{% load bootstrap4 %}

# {# Load CSS and JavaScript #}
{% bootstrap_css %}
{% bootstrap_javascript jquery='full' %}

随后访问 http://127.0.0.1:8000/product_manage/
链接失败。
查看development server已自动退出，重启server：

C:\Users\Jhin\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\Scripts\autotest>python manage.py runserver
Watching for file changes with StatReloader
Exception in thread django-main-thread:
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Users\Jhin\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\lib\threading.py", line 926, in _bootstrap_inner
    self.run()
  File "C:\Users\Jhin\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\lib\threading.py", line 870, in run
    self._target(*self._args, **self._kwargs)
  File "C:\Users\Jhin\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\lib\site-packages\django-3.0.8-py3.7.egg\django\utils\autoreload.py", line 53, in wrapper
    fn(*args, **kwargs)
  File "C:\Users\Jhin\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\lib\site-packages\django-3.0.8-py3.7.egg\django\core\management\commands\runserver.py", line 109, in inner_run
    autoreload.raise_last_exception()
  File "C:\Users\Jhin\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\lib\site-packages\django-3.0.8-py3.7.egg\django\utils\autoreload.py", line 76, in raise_last_exception
    raise _exception[1]
  File "C:\Users\Jhin\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\lib\site-packages\django-3.0.8-py3.7.egg\django\core\management\__init__.py", line 357, in execute
    autoreload.check_errors(django.setup)()
  File "C:\Users\Jhin\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\lib\site-packages\django-3.0.8-py3.7.egg\django\utils\autoreload.py", line 53, in wrapper
    fn(*args, **kwargs)
  File "C:\Users\Jhin\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\lib\site-packages\django-3.0.8-py3.7.egg\django\__init__.py", line 24, in setup
    apps.populate(settings.INSTALLED_APPS)
  File "C:\Users\Jhin\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\lib\site-packages\django-3.0.8-py3.7.egg\django\apps\registry.py", line 91, in populate
    app_config = AppConfig.create(entry)
  File "C:\Users\Jhin\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\lib\site-packages\django-3.0.8-py3.7.egg\django\apps\config.py", line 90, in create
    module = import_module(entry)
  File "C:\Users\Jhin\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\lib\importlib\__init__.py", line 127, in import_module
    return _bootstrap._gcd_import(name[level:], package, level)
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1006, in _gcd_import
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 983, in _find_and_load
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 965, in _find_and_load_unlocked
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'bootstrap'

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "manage.py", line 21, in <module>
    main()
  File "manage.py", line 17, in main
    execute_from_command_line(sys.argv)
  File "C:\Users\Jhin\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\lib\site-packages\django-3.0.8-py3.7.egg\django\core\management\__init__.py", line 401, in execute_from_command_line
    utility.execute()
  File "C:\Users\Jhin\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\lib\site-packages\django-3.0.8-py3.7.egg\django\core\management\__init__.py", line 395, in execute
    self.fetch_command(subcommand).run_from_argv(self.argv)
  File "C:\Users\Jhin\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\lib\site-packages\django-3.0.8-py3.7.egg\django\core\management\base.py", line 328, in run_from_argv
    self.execute(*args, **cmd_options)
  File "C:\Users\Jhin\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\lib\site-packages\django-3.0.8-py3.7.egg\django\core\management\commands\runserver.py", line 60, in execute
    super().execute(*args, **options)
  File "C:\Users\Jhin\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\lib\site-packages\django-3.0.8-py3.7.egg\django\core\management\base.py", line 369, in execute
    output = self.handle(*args, **options)
  File "C:\Users\Jhin\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\lib\site-packages\django-3.0.8-py3.7.egg\django\core\management\commands\runserver.py", line 95, in handle
    self.run(**options)
  File "C:\Users\Jhin\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\lib\site-packages\django-3.0.8-py3.7.egg\django\core\management\commands\runserver.py", line 102, in run
    autoreload.run_with_reloader(self.inner_run, **options)
  File "C:\Users\Jhin\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\lib\site-packages\django-3.0.8-py3.7.egg\django\utils\autoreload.py", line 599, in run_with_reloader
    start_django(reloader, main_func, *args, **kwargs)
  File "C:\Users\Jhin\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\lib\site-packages\django-3.0.8-py3.7.egg\django\utils\autoreload.py", line 584, in start_django
    reloader.run(django_main_thread)
  File "C:\Users\Jhin\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\lib\site-packages\django-3.0.8-py3.7.egg\django\utils\autoreload.py", line 299, in run
    self.run_loop()
  File "C:\Users\Jhin\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\lib\site-packages\django-3.0.8-py3.7.egg\django\utils\autoreload.py", line 305, in run_loop
    next(ticker)
  File "C:\Users\Jhin\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\lib\site-packages\django-3.0.8-py3.7.egg\django\utils\autoreload.py", line 345, in tick
    for filepath, mtime in self.snapshot_files():
  File "C:\Users\Jhin\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\lib\site-packages\django-3.0.8-py3.7.egg\django\utils\autoreload.py", line 361, in snapshot_files
    for file in self.watched_files():
  File "C:\Users\Jhin\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\lib\site-packages\django-3.0.8-py3.7.egg\django\utils\autoreload.py", line 260, in watched_files
    yield from iter_all_python_module_files()
  File "C:\Users\Jhin\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\lib\site-packages\django-3.0.8-py3.7.egg\django\utils\autoreload.py", line 105, in iter_all_python_module_files
    return iter_modules_and_files(modules, frozenset(_error_files))
  File "C:\Users\Jhin\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\lib\site-packages\django-3.0.8-py3.7.egg\django\utils\autoreload.py", line 141, in iter_modules_and_files
    resolved_path = path.resolve(strict=True).absolute()
  File "C:\Users\Jhin\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\lib\pathlib.py", line 1161, in resolve
    s = self._flavour.resolve(self, strict=strict)
  File "C:\Users\Jhin\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\lib\pathlib.py", line 200, in resolve
    return self._ext_to_normal(_getfinalpathname(s))
OSError: [WinError 123] 文件名、目录名或卷标语法不正确。: '<frozen importlib._bootstrap>'

百度几天均无果，后重新安装bootstrap

pip install django-bootstrap4

runserver还是一样的报错。
重新运行：

python manage.py migrate

随后runserver成功：

C:\Users\Jhin\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\Scripts\autotest>python manage.py runserver
Watching for file changes with StatReloader
Performing system checks...

System check identified no issues (0 silenced).
July 13, 2020 - 03:12:05
Django version 3.0.8, using settings 'autotest.settings'
Starting development server at http://127.0.0.1:8000/
Quit the server with CTRL-BREAK.
[13/Jul/2020 03:12:15] "GET /product_manage/ HTTP/1.1" 200 2399

总结为先

python manage.py migrate

后

python manage.py runserver

就成功了（不知道为啥，手动狗头）
截图为证:

卡了我几天的坑，记录一下。

报错：TemplateSyntaxError at /apistep_manage/

Invalid block tag on line 48: ‘else’, expected ‘empty’ or ‘endfor’. Did you forget to register or load this tag?

几经排查后还是找不到原因，后受文章 传送门 的启发，在if开始时的地方查找，找到问题所在：

此处少了一个百分号%，添加上之后，报错解决。

报错：TemplateSyntaxError at /apistep_manage/

Could not parse the remainder: ‘% if apistep.apistatus == 1 %’ from ‘% if apistep.apistatus == 1 %’

经排查，系此处多了一对花括号，去除一对花括号后，该报错解决。

报错：Unclosed tag on line 37: ‘for’. Looking for one of: empty, endfor.

后排除问题如下：

最后显示界面如下：

总结：一定要注意百分号空格/百分号是否成对/一对百分号是否写成了两对。。。引以为戒中。。。

报错：TypeError: bug_manage() missing 1 required positional argument: ‘request’

经排查，系此处括号有问题：

runserver时报错：

raise RuntimeError(“cryptography is required for sha256_password or caching_sha2_password”)
RuntimeError: cryptography is required for sha256_password or caching_sha2_password
原因是没有连接数据库。

前端界面异常

搭建测试平台的时候，出现前端一场：

经排查，乃一低级错误：

如图所示，container写到了引号外面（手动狗头），修改后显示正常。