Python,datetime模块实例
Python的标准模块datetime模块,在我们的工作中应用非常频繁,下面对datetime中常用的方法进行了总结和测试;对每一个方法都使用了单元测试框架Unittest来配合测试。
主要的类型有:
首先要导入datetime模块:from datetime import datetime, timedelta, timezone
一、自己定义时间格式:1、datetime(2017,2,22,16,5,26);2、datetime.strptime('2017-02-22 16:05:26', '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')
二、将datetime转化成timestamp格式:datetime(2017,2,22,16,5,26).timestamp()
三、将timestamp转化成datetime格式:datetime.fromtimestamp(1487750726.0)
四、将datetime转化成str格式:datetime(2017,2,22,16,5,26).strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')
五、利用timedelta进行时间相加:datetime.strptime('2017-02-22 16:05:26', '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S') + timedelta(hours=10, days=2)
六、利用timedelta进行时间相减:datetime.strptime('2017-02-22 14:05:26', '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S') - timedelta(hours=1)
八、转换时区:
utc_datetime = datetime.strptime('2017-02-22 17:05:26', '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S').replace(tzinfo=timezone(timedelta(hours=8)))
# 北京时间
bj_datetime = utc_datetime.astimezone(timezone(timedelta(hours=8)))
# 东京时间
dj_datetime = bj_datetime.astimezone(timezone(timedelta(hours=9)))
下面的就是代码,testDatetime.py:
# coding=utf-8 """ testDatetime.py datetime模块练习 """ import unittest from datetime import datetime, timedelta, timezone class TestDatetime(unittest.TestCase): def test_get_datetime(self): """指定日期和时间datetime""" expected = "2017-02-22 16:05:26" actual = datetime(2017,2,22,16,5,26) # print(actual) self.assertEqual(expected, str(actual)) def test_datetime_translation_timestamp(self): """将datetime转化成timestamp,返回的是秒""" expected = 1487750726.0 actual = datetime(2017,2,22,16,5,26).timestamp() # print(type(actual)) self.assertEqual(expected, actual) def test_timestamp_translation_datetime(self): """将timestamp转化成datetime格式""" expected = "2017-02-22 16:05:26" actual = datetime.fromtimestamp(1487750726.0) # print(actual) self.assertEqual(expected, str(actual)) def test_str_translation_datetime(self): """将str转化成datetime格式""" expected = datetime(2017,2,22,16,5,26) actual = datetime.strptime('2017-02-22 16:05:26', '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S') # print(actual) self.assertEqual(expected, actual) def test_datetime_translation_str(self): """将datetime转化成str""" excepted = '2017-02-22 16:05:26' actual = datetime(2017,2,22,16,5,26).strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S') # print(type(actual)) self.assertEqual(excepted, actual) def test_datetime_add(self): """利用timedelta进行时间相加""" # 加1小时 excepted1 = datetime.strptime('2017-02-22 17:05:26', '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S') actual1 = datetime.strptime('2017-02-22 16:05:26', '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S') + timedelta(hours=1) # 加2天,10小时 excepted2 = datetime.strptime('2017-02-25 02:05:26', '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S') actual2 = datetime.strptime('2017-02-22 16:05:26', '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S') + timedelta(hours=10, days=2) self.assertEqual(excepted1, actual1) self.assertEqual(excepted2, actual2) def test_datetime_plus(self): """利用timedelta进行时间相减""" # 减1小时 excepted1 = datetime.strptime('2017-02-22 16:05:26', '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S') actual1 = datetime.strptime('2017-02-22 17:05:26', '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S') - timedelta(hours=1) self.assertEqual(excepted1, actual1) def test_timezone_translation(self): """转换时区""" utc_datetime = datetime.strptime('2017-02-22 17:05:26', '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S').replace(tzinfo=timezone(timedelta(hours=8))) # 北京时间 bj_datetime = utc_datetime.astimezone(timezone(timedelta(hours=8))) # 东京时间 dj_datetime = bj_datetime.astimezone(timezone(timedelta(hours=9))) # print(dj_datetime) self.assertEqual((bj_datetime + timedelta(hours=1)).strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S'), dj_datetime.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')) if __name__ == '__main__': unittest.main()
还有测试结果图(全部测试通过):