并发编程学习笔记(9)----AQS的共享模式源码分析及CountDownLatch使用及原理
1. AQS共享模式
前面已经说过了AQS的原理及独享模式的源码分析,今天就来学习共享模式下的AQS的几个接口的源码。
首先还是从顶级接口acquireShared()方法入手:
public final void acquireShared(int arg) {
if (tryAcquireShared(arg) < 0)
doAcquireShared(arg);
}
与acquire()方法一样,tryAcquireShared()为自己是实现的对资源获取的接口,AQS对返回值的语义已经定义好了,小于0表示失败,0表示成功,但是没有剩余资源,大于0表示成功,且还有剩余资源,其他线程还可以去获取,所以这里的流程就是,先调用tryAcquireShared();当不能获取资源时,调用doAcquireShared()方法让线程进入等待队列。
doAcquireShared(int)方法,该方法用于将当前线程放入到等待队列中等待,直到其他线程唤醒并成功获取到资源才开始执行。源码如下:
private void doAcquireShared(int arg) {
final Node node = addWaiter(Node.SHARED);
boolean failed = true;
try {
boolean interrupted = false;
for (;;) {
final Node p = node.predecessor();
if (p == head) {
int r = tryAcquireShared(arg);
if (r >= 0) {
setHeadAndPropagate(node, r);
p.next = null; // help GC
if (interrupted)
selfInterrupt();
failed = false;
return;
}
}
if (shouldParkAfterFailedAcquire(p, node) &&
parkAndCheckInterrupt())
interrupted = true;
}
} finally {
if (failed)
cancelAcquire(node);
}
将当前线程加入到等待队列队尾,并返回当前线程所在的节点,标记是否成功,判断是否被中断,获取当前节点的前驱,如果前驱不为空,如果前驱等于头节点,则表示当前线程被唤醒,因为头节点是持有资源的线程,当前节点可能会被头节点唤醒,尝试去获取资源,r>=0,表示获取成功,将当前节点设置为头节点,如果还有资源可以尝试唤醒下一个等待线程。判断是够被中断过,如果中断过,则清除中断标记,shouldParkAfterFailedAcquire()判断线程状态是否可以等待并找一个能够被唤醒的点进入等待,等着被unpark()或interrupt(),parkAndCheckInterrupt()使线程被waiting。
跟独占模式相比,这里是将selfInterrupt()放到了doAcquireShared()中,具体为啥我也不知道,但是这里的问题是,当第一个线程执行完之后释放资源,可能释放的资源只有3个,但是当前线程需要4个,而后面一个线程只需要2个,再后一个线程只需要1个,这种情况下,当前线程也是不会去唤醒后两个线程的,它会继续等待着其他的线程释放资源,独享模式下这样没问题,但是在共享模式下,多个线程可以同时执行,这样的策略会使得后面的两个线程会因为没被唤醒而没法执行,其实也算是问题,这里是cas严格保证了入队顺序和出对顺序,降低了并发,但是却是保证了安全的。
setHeadAndPropagate(Node, int)是将当前线程设置为头节点,当资源还有剩余的情况下去唤醒其他资源。
private void setHeadAndPropagate(Node node, int propagate) {
Node h = head; // Record old head for check below
setHead(node);
/*
* Try to signal next queued node if:
* Propagation was indicated by caller,
* or was recorded (as h.waitStatus either before
* or after setHead) by a previous operation
* (note: this uses sign-check of waitStatus because
* PROPAGATE status may transition to SIGNAL.)
* and
* The next node is waiting in shared mode,
* or we don't know, because it appears null
*
* The conservatism in both of these checks may cause
* unnecessary wake-ups, but only when there are multiple
* racing acquires/releases, so most need signals now or soon
* anyway.
*/
if (propagate > 0 || h == null || h.waitStatus < 0 ||
(h = head) == null || h.waitStatus < 0) {
Node s = node.next;
if (s == null || s.isShared())
doReleaseShared();
}
}
setHead将当前节点设置为头节点,当资源还有剩余的情况下,唤醒当前节点的相邻节点。
共享模式的流程就是尝试获取资源,获取资源失败,则进入等待,与独享模式相比,共享只是多了在资源剩余的情况下去唤醒其他线程的操作而已。
releaseShared()共享模式下释放共享资源的顶级入口,释放指定量的资源,如果成功释放且允许唤醒其他线程来获取资源,则它会唤醒队列里的其他等待线程来获取资源,源码:
public final boolean releaseShared(int arg) {
if (tryReleaseShared(arg)) {
doReleaseShared();
return true;
}
return false;
}
调用tryReleaseShared()尝试释放资源,这里的tryReleaseShared()也是自己实现的,成功,则调用doReleaseShared()唤醒后继节点,
doReleaseShared()用于唤醒后继节点
源码:
private void doReleaseShared() {
/*
* Ensure that a release propagates, even if there are other
* in-progress acquires/releases. This proceeds in the usual
* way of trying to unparkSuccessor of head if it needs
* signal. But if it does not, status is set to PROPAGATE to
* ensure that upon release, propagation continues.
* Additionally, we must loop in case a new node is added
* while we are doing this. Also, unlike other uses of
* unparkSuccessor, we need to know if CAS to reset status
* fails, if so rechecking.
*/
for (;;) {
Node h = head;
if (h != null && h != tail) {
int ws = h.waitStatus;
if (ws == Node.SIGNAL) {
if (!compareAndSetWaitStatus(h, Node.SIGNAL, 0))
continue; // loop to recheck cases
unparkSuccessor(h);
}
else if (ws == 0 &&
!compareAndSetWaitStatus(h, 0, Node.PROPAGATE))
continue; // loop on failed CAS
}
if (h == head) // loop if head changed
break;
}
}
自旋,通过unparkSuccessor()唤醒后继节点,这样就释放掉了资源。
以上就是关于AQS共享模式的源码的分析。
2. CountDownLatch的使用及原理
CountDownLatch是jdk并发包中提供的负责并发编程的类,它也是AQS中共享模式的一种运用,利用它可以实现类似于计数器的功能,比如当以个线程需要等待其他几个线程的结果,但是其他几个线程又需要并行的执行时,就可以利用该类来实现,这里我们以一个求和的程序来举例该类的用法,
2.1 使用方式
存在一个文件中有如下数据
12,13,20,40 50,60,80,90 50,23,40 16,13
我们需要每一行用一个线程来进行加法计算,当所有线程执行完成后,将所有线程计算结果做一次汇总,实现如下:
计算每一行之和的代码:
public void calc (String line, int index, CountDownLatch countDownLatch) {
String[] nus = line.split(",");
int total = 0;
for (String n : nus) {
total += Integer.parseInt(n);
}
nums[index] = total;
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 执行计划任务..." + line + " 结果为:" + total);
countDownLatch.countDown();
}
每一个线程执行计算完毕后都会调用countDownLatch.countDown();使得当前运行线程减一
计算总和的代码:
public void sum () {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "汇总线程开始执行...");
int total = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < nums.length; i++) {
total += nums[i];
}
System.out.println("总结果为:" + total);
}
计算每一行之和的调用方式和计算总和的调用方式:
package com.wangx.thread.t7;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.FileReader;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
public class AddMain {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//读取文件
final List<String> contents = readFile();
//初始化countDownLatch 有几个线程执行构造参数就传几个
final CountDownLatch countDownLatch = new CountDownLatch(contents.size());
int lineNum = contents.size();
final AddNumber addNumber = new AddNumber(lineNum);
//多个线程同时执行
for (int i = 0; i < lineNum; i++) {
final int k = i;
new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
addNumber.calc(contents.get(k), k, countDownLatch);
}
}).start();
}
//等待着直到所有线程执行完之后执行下面的代码
try {
countDownLatch.await();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
//执行汇总
addNumber.sum();
}
private static List<String> readFile() {
List<String> contents = new ArrayList<>();
String line = null;
try {
BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(new FileReader("D:\\JavaDev\\spring\\thread\\src\\com\\wangx\\thread\\t7\\numers.txt"));
while ((line = bufferedReader.readLine()) != null) {
contents.add(line);
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return contents;
}
}
先初始化CountDownLatch实例,构造参数为需要并行执行的线程个数,调用await()方法等待,知道所有并行执行的线程执行完成。
2.2 实现原理(源码分析)
首先看初始化的构造方法:
public CountDownLatch(int count) {
if (count < 0) throw new IllegalArgumentException("count < 0");
this.sync = new Sync(count);
}
它实例化了一个内部同步器Sync,我们继续看Sync的构造:
Sync(int count) {
setState(count);
}
这里调用了AQS的方法,直接设置了AQS的状态,达到了初始化多少个资源的目的,因为AQS是提供一个原子的int类型state来维护状态的,我们的示例中初始化了contents.size()个资源,接下来看countDown()方法,
public void countDown() {
sync.releaseShared(1);
}
调用releaseShared()来释放资源,这是AQS原理的运用,我们这里主要看在CountDownLatch中tryReleaseShared()方法的实现:
protected boolean tryReleaseShared(int releases) {
// Decrement count; signal when transition to zero
for (;;) {
int c = getState();
if (c == 0)
return false;
int nextc = c-1;
if (compareAndSetState(c, nextc))
return nextc == 0;
}
}
}
实现也很简单,状态为0,资源已经被释放,自旋,更改状态,示例当contents个线程调用countDown完毕之后nextc == 0;才会成立,此时的releaseShared()才回去唤醒其他的等待的线程,示例中是主线程在调用求和的方法。
await()方法:
public void await() throws InterruptedException {
sync.acquireSharedInterruptibly(1);
}
同样是调用内部同步器的方法来执行,
acquireSharedInterruptibly():
public final void acquireSharedInterruptibly(int arg)
throws InterruptedException {
if (Thread.interrupted())
throw new InterruptedException();
if (tryAcquireShared(arg) < 0)
doAcquireSharedInterruptibly(arg);
}
该方法的功能是获取当前获取资源,如果获取资源失败,则调用doAcquireSharedInterruptibly()将线程放入到等待队列中等待,
doAcquireSharedInterruptibly()与doAcquireShared()相似,看源码:
private void doAcquireSharedInterruptibly(int arg)
throws InterruptedException {
final Node node = addWaiter(Node.SHARED);
boolean failed = true;
try {
for (;;) {
final Node p = node.predecessor();
if (p == head) {
int r = tryAcquireShared(arg);
if (r >= 0) {
setHeadAndPropagate(node, r);
p.next = null; // help GC
failed = false;
return;
}
}
if (shouldParkAfterFailedAcquire(p, node) &&
parkAndCheckInterrupt())
throw new InterruptedException();
}
} finally {
if (failed)
cancelAcquire(node);
}
}
两段代码都与前面共享模式时的doAcquireShared()方法功能相同,只是它是一个可中断的实现。
这就是CountDownLatch的实现原理,先初始化资源状态,每个线程执行完成后将释放资源,更改状态,直到最后一个执行的线程释放完资源,此时状态为0时,尝试去唤醒等待的线程,也就是执行countdown·.await()的线程。
这里就分享完了AQS的共享模式已经CountDownLatch的使用及原理,限于笔者水平有限,文中错误之处希望各位能够指出,谢谢!