RabbitMQ学习笔记(4)----RabbitMQ Exchange(交换机)的使用
1. fanout模式
1.1 Publish/Subscribe(发布/订阅)结构图
上图表示一个消费者消费消息之后,不讲消息直接存储到队列,而是使用两个消费者各自声明一个队列,将各自的对应的队列与交换机绑定。这样每个消费者都读取的是自身所对应的队列的所有消息,大达到了一个生产者生产消息,所有消费者都能消费的目的。
将交换机类型设置为fanout即可实现Publish/Subscribe
1.2 生产者代码
package com.wangx.rabbitmq.sp;
import com.rabbitmq.client.BuiltinExchangeType;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
public class Producer {
private static final String EXCHANGE_NAME = "exchange";
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {
//创建连接工厂
ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
//设置服务器主机
factory.setHost("127.0.0.1");
//设置用户名
factory.setUsername("wangx");
//设置密码
factory.setPassword("wangx");
//设置VirtualHost
factory.setVirtualHost("/wangx");
Connection connection = null;
Channel channel = null;
try {
connection = factory.newConnection();
channel = connection.createChannel();
//声明交换机
channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME, BuiltinExchangeType.FANOUT);
String message = "Hello World!";
//发送消息
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
//发送消息
channel.basicPublish(EXCHANGE_NAME, "", null, (message + i).getBytes());
System.out.println(" [x] Sent '" + message + i + "'");
}
}catch (Exception e) {
}finally {
channel.close();
connection.close();
}
}
}
与普通消息生产者不同的地方在于,发布订阅时必须要显示的声明一个交换机,并且在发送消息的时候,没有队列,必须设置交换机名称。
1.3 消费者实现代码
package com.wangx.rabbitmq.sp;
import com.rabbitmq.client.*;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
public class Consumer1 {
/**
* 队列名字
*/
private static String QUEUE_NAME = "queue1";
private static final String EXCHANGE_NAME = "exchange";
public static void main(String[] args){
//创建连接工厂
ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
//设置服务器主机
factory.setHost("127.0.0.1");
//设置用户名
factory.setUsername("wangx");
//设置密码
factory.setPassword("wangx");
//设置VirtualHost
factory.setVirtualHost("/wangx");
Connection connection = null;
try {
//创建连接
connection = factory.newConnection();
//创建消息通道
final Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
//声明交换机
channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME, BuiltinExchangeType.FANOUT);
//声明队列
channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME,false, false, false, null);
//绑定队列与交换机
channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME, EXCHANGE_NAME, "");
//消息服务器每次只向消费者发送一条消息
// channel.basicQos(1);
Consumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel){
//重写DefaultConsumer中handleDelivery方法,在方法中获取消息
@Override
public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope,
AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException{
try {
//消息沉睡一秒
Thread.sleep(1000);
String message = new String(body, "UTF-8");
System.out.println("consumer1 收到消息 '" + message + "'");
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
System.out.println("consumer1 消息消费完成....");
}
}
};
//监听消息
channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME, true,consumer);
}catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
}
}
}
这里仍然使用的是两个不同的消费者,并且将两个不同的消费者分别声明不同的消息队列,然后将声明的队列与交换机进行绑定,使用channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME, EXCHANGE_NAME, "fanout");方法。启动两个消费者,将两个不同的消息队列注册并绑定上去。启动消息生产者发送消息,将会看到,两个不同的消费者均能接收到生产者发送的所有消息。
2. Routing 模式
结构图:
发送消息时指定不同的key,交换机分发消息是根据key分发消息到不同的消费者队列中。
将交换机模式改为DIRECT,在消费端设置了不同的key,相当于为消息分个类,以便于在交换机分发消息时,将消息分发给持有该key的消费者,生产者代码如下:
package com.wangx.rabbitmq.routing;
import com.rabbitmq.client.BuiltinExchangeType;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
public class Producer {
private static final String EXCHANGE_NAME = "exchange-routing";
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {
//创建连接工厂
ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
//设置服务器主机
factory.setHost("127.0.0.1");
//设置用户名
factory.setUsername("wangx");
//设置密码
factory.setPassword("wangx");
//设置VirtualHost
factory.setVirtualHost("/wangx");
Connection connection = null;
Channel channel = null;
try {
connection = factory.newConnection();
channel = connection.createChannel();
//声明交换机
channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME, BuiltinExchangeType.DIRECT);
String message = "Hello World!";
//发送消息
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
if ( i % 2 == 0) {
//发送消息,指定key
channel.basicPublish(EXCHANGE_NAME, "key2", null, (message + i).getBytes());
System.out.println(" 偶数消息 '" + message + i + "'");
} else {
//发送消息
channel.basicPublish(EXCHANGE_NAME, "key1", null, (message + i).getBytes());
System.out.println(" 奇数消息 '" + message + i + "'");
}
}
}catch (Exception e) {
}finally {
channel.close();
connection.close();
}
}
}
消费者代码如下:
package com.wangx.rabbitmq.routing;
import com.rabbitmq.client.*;
import java.io.IOException;
public class Consumer1 {
/**
* 队列名字
*/
private static String QUEUE_NAME = "queue1";
private static final String EXCHANGE_NAME = "exchange-routing";
public static void main(String[] args){
//创建连接工厂
ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
//设置服务器主机
factory.setHost("127.0.0.1");
//设置用户名
factory.setUsername("wangx");
//设置密码
factory.setPassword("wangx");
//设置VirtualHost
factory.setVirtualHost("/wangx");
Connection connection = null;
try {
//创建连接
connection = factory.newConnection();
//创建消息通道
final Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
//声明交换机
channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME, BuiltinExchangeType.DIRECT);
//声明队列
channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME,false, false, false, null);
//绑定队列与交换机,指定接收的消息的key
channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME, EXCHANGE_NAME, "key2");
//消息服务器每次只向消费者发送一条消息
// channel.basicQos(1);
Consumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel){
//重写DefaultConsumer中handleDelivery方法,在方法中获取消息
@Override
public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope,
AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException{
try {
//消息沉睡一秒
Thread.sleep(1000);
String message = new String(body, "UTF-8");
System.out.println("consumer1 收到消息 '" + message + "'");
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
System.out.println("consumer1 消息消费完成....");
}
}
};
//监听消息
channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME, true,consumer);
}catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
}
}
}
两个消费者一个使用接收奇数,一个接收偶数消息(根据发送消息时判断奇偶设置不同的key),接收时接收相应的key即可。
这样就可以指定接收想要接收的类型的消息了,相当于前面学习的mq的消息的过滤。
3. Topic模式
将路由键和某模式进行匹配。此时队列需要绑定要一个模式上。符号“#”匹配一个或多个词,符号“*”匹配不多不少一个词。因此“audit.#”能够匹配到“audit.irs.corporate”,但是“audit.*” 只会匹配到“audit.irs”。
生产者实现:
package com.wangx.rabbitmq.topic;
import com.rabbitmq.client.BuiltinExchangeType;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
public class Producer {
private static final String EXCHANGE_NAME = "exchange-topic";
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {
//创建连接工厂
ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
//设置服务器主机
factory.setHost("127.0.0.1");
//设置用户名
factory.setUsername("wangx");
//设置密码
factory.setPassword("wangx");
//设置VirtualHost
factory.setVirtualHost("/wangx");
Connection connection = null;
Channel channel = null;
try {
connection = factory.newConnection();
channel = connection.createChannel();
//声明交换机
channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME, BuiltinExchangeType.TOPIC);
String message = "Hello World!";
//发送消息,绑定模式
channel.basicPublish(EXCHANGE_NAME, "key.one", null, ("one -" + message).getBytes());
channel.basicPublish(EXCHANGE_NAME, "key.two.msg", null, ("two -" + message).getBytes());
}catch (Exception e) {
}finally {
channel.close();
connection.close();
}
}
}
这里发送消息时,绑定了key.one和key.two.msg两种模式。接下来使用*号和#号两种通配符得消费者,如下:
Consumer1
package com.wangx.rabbitmq.topic;
import com.rabbitmq.client.*;
import java.io.IOException;
public class Consumer1 {
/**
* 队列名字
*/
private static String QUEUE_NAME = "queue-topic";
private static final String EXCHANGE_NAME = "exchange-topic";
public static void main(String[] args){
//创建连接工厂
ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
//设置服务器主机
factory.setHost("127.0.0.1");
//设置用户名
factory.setUsername("wangx");
//设置密码
factory.setPassword("wangx");
//设置VirtualHost
factory.setVirtualHost("/wangx");
Connection connection = null;
try {
//创建连接
connection = factory.newConnection();
//创建消息通道
final Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
//声明交换机
channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME, BuiltinExchangeType.TOPIC);
//声明队列
channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME,false, false, false, null);
//绑定队列与交换机,使用通配符key.* 表示只能匹配key下的一个路径,
channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME, EXCHANGE_NAME, "key.*");
//消息服务器每次只向消费者发送一条消息
// channel.basicQos(1);
Consumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel){
//重写DefaultConsumer中handleDelivery方法,在方法中获取消息
@Override
public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope,
AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException{
try {
//消息沉睡一秒
Thread.sleep(1000);
String message = new String(body, "UTF-8");
System.out.println("consumer1 收到消息 '" + message + "'");
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
System.out.println("consumer1 消息消费完成....");
}
}
};
//监听消息
channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME, true,consumer);
}catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
}
}
}
所以在本例中只能匹配到key.one的消息,控制台打印如下:
consumer1 收到消息 'one -Hello World!'
consumer1 消息消费完成....
Consumer2实现:
package com.wangx.rabbitmq.topic;
import com.rabbitmq.client.*;
import java.io.IOException;
public class Consumer2 {
/**
* 队列名字
*/
private static String QUEUE_NAME = "queue-topic-2";
private static final String EXCHANGE_NAME = "exchange-topic";
public static void main(String[] args){
//创建连接工厂
ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
//设置服务器主机
factory.setHost("127.0.0.1");
//设置用户名
factory.setUsername("wangx");
//设置密码
factory.setPassword("wangx");
//设置VirtualHost
factory.setVirtualHost("/wangx");
Connection connection = null;
try {
//创建连接
connection = factory.newConnection();
//创建消息通道
final Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME, BuiltinExchangeType.TOPIC);
//声明队列
channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME,false, false, false, null);
//这里使用#号通配符,表示能够匹配到key下的任意路径
channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME, EXCHANGE_NAME, "key.#");
Consumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel){
//重写DefaultConsumer中handleDelivery方法,在方法中获取消息
@Override
public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope,
AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException{
try {
//消息沉睡100ms
Thread.sleep(100);
String message = new String(body, "UTF-8");
System.out.println("consumer2 收到消息 '" + message + "'");
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
System.out.println("consumer2 消息消费完成....");
}
}
};
//监听消息,第二个参数为true时表示自动确认
channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME, true,consumer);
}catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
}
}
}
这里使用了key.#表示匹配所有key.下的所有路径,所以能够接收到所有以key开头的消息,控制台打印如下:
consumer2 收到消息 'one -Hello World!'
consumer2 消息消费完成....
consumer2 收到消息 'two -Hello World!'
consumer2 消息消费完成....
使用topic模式既可以轻易的实现fanout模式,也可以实现routing模式,同时提供了通配符的情况下,使得匹配更加灵活,使用方式更加简洁。