Django - - Django REST framework基础：认证、权限、限制

目录

• 认证
• 权限
• 限制

1，认证

1.1 表

• 定义一个用户表和一个保存用户Token的表：

class UserInfo(models.Model):
    username = models.CharField(max_length=16)
    password = models.CharField(max_length=32)
    type = models.SmallIntegerField(
        choices=((1, '普通用户'), (2, 'VIP用户')),
        default=1
    )


class Token(models.Model):
    user = models.OneToOneField(to='UserInfo')
    token_code = models.CharField(max_length=128)

1.2 定义一个登录视图：

def get_random_token(username):
    """
    根据用户名和时间戳生成随机token
    :param username:
    :return:
    """
    import hashlib, time
    timestamp = str(time.time())
    m = hashlib.md5(bytes(username, encoding="utf8"))
    m.update(bytes(timestamp, encoding="utf8"))
    return m.hexdigest()


class LoginView(APIView):
    """
    校验用户名密码是否正确从而生成token的视图
    """
    def post(self, request):
        res = {"code": 0}
        print(request.data)
        username = request.data.get("username")
        password = request.data.get("password")

        user = models.UserInfo.objects.filter(username=username, password=password).first()
        if user:
            # 如果用户名密码正确
            token = get_random_token(username)
            models.Token.objects.update_or_create(defaults={"token_code": token}, user=user)
            res["token"] = token
        else:
            res["code"] = 1
            res["error"] = "用户名或密码错误"
        return Response(res)

1.3 定义一个认证类

from rest_framework.authentication import BaseAuthentication
from rest_framework.exceptions import AuthenticationFailed


class MyAuth(BaseAuthentication):
    def authenticate(self, request):
        if request.method in ["POST", "PUT", "DELETE"]:
            request_token = request.data.get("token", None)
            if not request_token:
                raise AuthenticationFailed('缺少token')
            token_obj = models.Token.objects.filter(token_code=request_token).first()
            if not token_obj:
                raise AuthenticationFailed('无效的token')
            return token_obj.user.username, None
        else:
            return None, None

1.4 视图级别认证

class CommentViewSet(ModelViewSet):

    queryset = models.Comment.objects.all()
    serializer_class = app01_serializers.CommentSerializer
    authentication_classes = [MyAuth, ]

1.5 全局级别认证

# 在settings.py中配置
REST_FRAMEWORK = {
    "DEFAULT_AUTHENTICATION_CLASSES": ["app01.utils.MyAuth", ]
}

2，权限

2.1 自定义一个权限类

# 自定义权限
class MyPermission(BasePermission):
    message = 'VIP用户才能访问'

    def has_permission(self, request, view):
        """
        自定义权限只有VIP用户才能访问
        """
        # 因为在进行权限判断之前已经做了认证判断，所以这里可以直接拿到request.user
        if request.user and request.user.type == 2:  # 如果是VIP用户
            return True
        else:
            return False

2.2 视图级别配置

class CommentViewSet(ModelViewSet):

    queryset = models.Comment.objects.all()
    serializer_class = app01_serializers.CommentSerializer
    authentication_classes = [MyAuth, ]
    permission_classes = [MyPermission, ]

2.3 全局级别设置

# 在settings.py中设置rest framework相关配置项
REST_FRAMEWORK = {
    "DEFAULT_AUTHENTICATION_CLASSES": ["app01.utils.MyAuth", ],
    "DEFAULT_PERMISSION_CLASSES": ["app01.utils.MyPermission", ]
}

3，限制

3.1 自定义限制类

VISIT_RECORD = {}
# 自定义限制
class MyThrottle(object):

    def __init__(self):
        self.history = None

    def allow_request(self, request, view):
        """
        自定义频率限制60秒内只能访问三次
        """
        # 获取用户IP
        ip = request.META.get("REMOTE_ADDR")
        timestamp = time.time()
        if ip not in VISIT_RECORD:
            VISIT_RECORD[ip] = [timestamp, ]
            return True
        history = VISIT_RECORD[ip]
        self.history = history
        history.insert(0, timestamp)
        while history and history[-1] < timestamp - 60:
            history.pop()
        if len(history) > 3:
            return False
        else:
            return True

    def wait(self):
        """
        限制时间还剩多少
        """
        timestamp = time.time()
        return 60 - (timestamp - self.history[-1])

3.2 视图使用

class CommentViewSet(ModelViewSet):

    queryset = models.Comment.objects.all()
    serializer_class = app01_serializers.CommentSerializer
    throttle_classes = [MyThrottle, ]

3.3 全局使用

在settings.py中设置rest framework相关配置项

REST_FRAMEWORK = {
"DEFAULT_AUTHENTICATION_CLASSES": ["app01.utils.MyAuth", ],
"DEFAULT_PERMISSION_CLASSES": ["app01.utils.MyPermission", ]
"DEFAULT_THROTTLE_CLASSES": ["app01.utils.MyThrottle", ]
}

### 3.4 使用内置限制类

from rest_framework.throttling import SimpleRateThrottle

class VisitThrottle(SimpleRateThrottle):

scope = "xxx"

def get_cache_key(self, request, view):
    return self.get_ident(request)

### 3.5 全局配置

在settings.py中设置rest framework相关配置项

REST_FRAMEWORK = {
"DEFAULT_AUTHENTICATION_CLASSES": ["app01.utils.MyAuth", ],
# "DEFAULT_PERMISSION_CLASSES": ["app01.utils.MyPermission", ]
"DEFAULT_THROTTLE_CLASSES": ["app01.utils.VisitThrottle", ],
"DEFAULT_THROTTLE_RATES": {
"xxx": "5/m",
}
}

- **转自**：https://www.cnblogs.com/liwenzhou/p/9410737.html