代码改变世界

初学python之day2

2016-08-05 01:47  筱筱竹  阅读(139)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报

一、 python学习之模块

今天学习了模块的内容,模块就是完成某一功能的一段代码,可以是几个文件的组合,单个文件也可以成为模块。python 有很多功能强大且丰富的标准库和第三方库作支撑,基本可以实现任何功能。

1. 标准库 :就是不用安装,直接导入的库就叫标准库。是python最常用的功能,比如sys和os模块。

1-1 sys模块

import sys

print(sys.path) #相对路径
print(sys.argv) #参数

1-2 os模块


import os
cmd_dir = os.system("dir") #将当前目录下的内容显示到屏幕,并不赋值
print('--->',cmd_dir)   #输出为--->0


cmd_new = os.popen("dir").read() #将当前目录下的内容显示到屏幕,并赋值

print(cmd_new)

2 第三方库:必须安装才能使用的库

注意:在程序中导入模块要在开头用import;

        在login.py 中引用user.py程序,且这两个程序在同一个目录下,则可在login.py文件中写: import user     #不用写 .py

 

二、 python学习之.pyc的作用

     我们在运行程序的时候,会发现会生成一个跟运行文件同名的.pyc字节码文件,这就类似于Java文件在运行是生成的javac一样。如果你这个py文件有改变,python解释器会检查pyc文件中的生成时间,对比py文件的修改时间,如果py更新,那么就生成新的pyc。否则下次运行这个程序直接调用pyc,而不调用py文件。

 

三、 python学习之列表的使用

3-1 元组 是特殊的列表,一旦定义好了,就不能修改值了。

3-2 读取列表元素

     books = ["Chinese","English","Math"]

 >>>books[0]  

 "Chinese"

>>>books[-1]  #倒叙

"Math"

3-3切片

books = ["Chinese","English","Math","draw","Masterpiece"]

>>>books[1:3]  #包括1,不包括3

["English","Math"]

>>>books[1:-1]  #包括1,不包括-1

["English","Math","draw"]

>>>books[0::2]  #等同于books[::2],每隔一个取一个

["Chinese","Math","Masterpiece"]

3-4追加 append()

>>>books.append("Geography")

>>>books

["Chinese","English","Math","draw","Masterpiece","Geography"]

3-5 指定位置插入 insert()

>>>books.insert(1,"insert_date")

>>>books

["Chinese","insert_date","English","Math","draw","Masterpiece","Geography"]

3-6 修改

>>>books[1]="修改的数据"

>>>books

["Chinese","修改的数据","English","Math","draw","Masterpiece","Geography"]

3-7 删除

>>>del books[1]  #删除某个元素

>>>books

["Chinese","English","Math","draw","Masterpiece","Geography"]

>>>del books

["Chinese","English","Math","draw","Masterpiece","Geography"]

3-8 扩展--在后面增加一个其他列表

>>>books=["Chinese","English","Math","draw"]

>>>book.extend(["Masterpiece","Geography"])

>>>books=["Chinese","English","Math","Draw","Masterpiece","Geography"]

3-9复制

>>>books_new=books.copy()

>>>books_new

["Chinese","English","Math","Draw","Masterpiece",]

3-10统计

>>>books.count("English")

1

3-11 排序和反转

>>>books.sort()  #排序

["Chinese","Draw","English","Geography",,"Math"]

>>>books.reverse()

 ["Geography","Draw","Math","English","Chinese"]

3-12 获取下标

 >>>books.index("Draw")

3

四、python学习之字典

4-1 特点:是无序的并且唯一的

4-2 增加

>>>students={name:"lilei",

                        age:"16"}

>>>students["sex"]="男"

>>>students

{name:"lilei",sex:"男",age:"16"}

4-3修改

>>>students["sex"]="man"

>>>students

{name:"lilei",sex:"man",age:"16"}

4-4 删除

>>>students.pop("sex")  #方法1

"man"

>>>students

{name:"lilei",age:"16"}

>>>del students["age"] #方法2

{name:"lilei"}

4-5查找

>>>user={name:"lilei",sex:"男",age:"16"}

>>>user.get("name")

"lilei"

>>>"sex" in user

True

4-6 多级嵌套

>>>class_5={class1:{

                       name:"lilei",

           sex:"男",

           age:"16"}

         class2:{

                         name:"lucy",

             sex:"女",

             age:"16"}

}

>>>class_5["class2"]["name"]

"lucy"