9.forms 组件

1.校验字段功能

针对一个实例：注册用户讲解。

视图

model.py

class UserInfo(models.Model):
    name=models.CharField(max_length=32)
    pwd=models.CharField(max_length=32)
    email=models.EmailField()
    tel=models.CharField(max_length=32)

views.py

from django import forms
from django.core.exceptions import ValidationError

wid_01 = forms.TextInput(attrs={"class": "form-control"})
wid_02 = forms.PasswordInput(attrs={"class": "form-control"})

class UserForm(forms.Form):
    name = forms.CharField(max_length=32, label="用户名", widget=wid_01)
    pwd = forms.CharField(label="密码", widget=wid_02)
    r_pwd = forms.CharField(label="确认密码", widget=wid_02)
    email = forms.EmailField(label="邮件", widget=wid_01)
    tel = forms.CharField(max_length=32, label="手机号码", widget=wid_01)



def register(request):
    if request.method=="POST":
        user=UserForm(request.POST)
        if user.is_valid():
            print(user.cleaned_data)       # 所有干净的字段以及对应的值
        else:
            print(user.cleaned_data)       
            print(user.errors)  
            print(type(user.errors.get("name")))# ErrorDict:{"校验错误的字段":["错误信息",]} 
            print(user.errors.get("name")) # ErrorList ["错误信息"]      
            print(user.errors.get("name")[0])
            for i in user:
                print(i)
        return HttpResponse("OK")
    user=UserForm()
    return render(request,"register.html",{"user": user})

模板

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="" method="post">
    {% csrf_token %}
    <div>
        <label for="user">用户名</label>
        <p><input type="text" ></p>
    </div>
    <div>
        <label for="pwd">密码</label>
        <p><input type="password" ></p>
    </div>
    <div>
        <label for="r_pwd">确认密码</label>
        <p><input type="password" ></p>
    </div>
     <div>
        <label for="email">邮箱</label>
        <p><input type="text" ></p>
    </div>
    <input type="submit">
</form>

</body>
</html>

2.渲染标签功能

渲染方式 1

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.bootcss.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap.min.css" integrity="sha384-BVYiiSIFeK1dGmJRAkycuHAHRg32OmUcww7on3RYdg4Va+PmSTsz/K68vbdEjh4u" crossorigin="anonymous">
</head>
<body>
<h3>注册页面</h3>
<div>
    <div>
        <div class="col-md-6 col-md-offset-3">
                <form action="" method="post">
                    {% csrf_token %}
                    <div class="form-group">
                        <label for="">用户名</label>
                        {{ form.name }}
                    </div>
                    <div>
                        <label for="">密码</label>
                        {{ form.pwd }}
                    </div>
                    <div>
                        <label for="">确认密码</label>
                        {{ form.r_pwd }}
                    </div>
                    <div>
                        <label for=""> 邮箱</label>
                        {{ form.email }}
                    </div>
                    <input type="submit">
                </form>
        </div>
    </div>
</div>



</body>
</html>

渲染方式 2

<div class="col-md-6 col-md-offset-3">
<form action="" method="post">
                    {% csrf_token %}                    
                    {% for field in form %}
                        <div class="form-group">
                            <label for="">{{ field.label }}</label>
                            {{ field }}
                        </div>
                    {% endfor %}
                    <input type="submit">
                
</form>
</div>

渲染方式 3

<form action="" method="post">
    {% csrf_token %}
    {{ form.as_p }}
    <input type="submit">
</form>

3.重置输入信息功能

视图

def register(request):
    if request.method=="POST":
        user=UserForm(request.POST)
            if request.method == "POST":
        dict1 = {}
        user = UserForm(request.POST)
        if user.is_valid():
            print(user.cleaned_data)
        else:
            dict1["clean_error"] = user.errors.get("__all__")
        dict1["user"] = user
        return render(request, "register.html", dict1)
    user = UserForm()
    return render(request,"register.html",{"user": user})

模板

注意: 使用渲染方式2

4.局部钩子与全局钩子

视图

from django import forms
from django.core.exceptions import ValidationError

wid_01 = forms.TextInput(attrs={"class": "form-control"})
wid_02 = forms.PasswordInput(attrs={"class": "form-control"})


class UserForm(forms.Form):
    name = forms.CharField(max_length=32, label="用户名", widget=wid_01)
    pwd = forms.CharField(label="密码", widget=wid_02)
    r_pwd = forms.CharField(label="确认密码", widget=wid_02)
    email = forms.EmailField(label="邮件", widget=wid_01)
    tel = forms.CharField(max_length=32, label="手机号码", widget=wid_01)

    def clean_name(self):
        """局部钩子"""
        val = self.cleaned_data.get("name")
        if val.isdigit():
            return val
        else:
            raise ValidationError("用户名不能是纯数字!")

    def clean(self):
        """全局钩子"""
        pwd = self.cleaned_data.get("pwd")
        r_pwd = self.cleaned_data.get("r_pwd")

        if pwd == r_pwd:
            return self.cleaned_data
        else:
            raise ValidationError('两次密码不一致!')

模板

<div class="col-md-6 col-md-offset-3">
    <form action="" method="post">
        {% csrf_token %}
        {% for field in user %}
            <div class="form-group">
                <label for="">{{ field.label }}</label>
                {{ field }}

            <span class="pull-right text-danger">
                          {% if field.id_for_label == 'id_r_pwd' %}
                          {{ clean_error.0 }}
                          {% endif %}
                          {{ field.errors.0 }}
            </span>
            </div>
        {% endfor %}
        <input type="submit">
    </form>
</div>
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