03: 自定义异步非阻塞tornado框架

目录:Tornado其他篇

01: tornado基础篇

02: tornado进阶篇

03: 自定义异步非阻塞tornado框架

04: 打开tornado源码剖析处理过程

目录:

1.1 源码     返回顶部

  1. Python的Web框架中Tornado以异步非阻塞而闻名。本篇将使用200行代码完成一个微型异步非阻塞Web框架:Snow。

  2. 本文基于非阻塞的Socket以及IO多路复用从而实现异步非阻塞的Web框架,其中便是众多异步非阻塞Web框架内部原理。

  3. 参考博客: http://www.cnblogs.com/wupeiqi/p/6536518.html

import re
import socket
import select
import time


class HttpResponse(object):
    """
    封装响应信息
    """
    def __init__(self, content=''):
        self.content = content

        self.headers = {}
        self.cookies = {}

    def response(self):
        return bytes(self.content, encoding='utf-8')


class HttpNotFound(HttpResponse):
    """
    404时的错误提示
    """
    def __init__(self):
        super(HttpNotFound, self).__init__('404 Not Found')


class HttpRequest(object):
    """
    用户封装用户请求信息
    """
    def __init__(self, conn):
        self.conn = conn

        self.header_bytes = bytes()
        self.header_dict = {}
        self.body_bytes = bytes()

        self.method = ""
        self.url = ""
        self.protocol = ""

        self.initialize()
        self.initialize_headers()

    def initialize(self):

        header_flag = False
        while True:
            try:
                received = self.conn.recv(8096)
            except Exception as e:
                received = None
            if not received:
                break
            if header_flag:
                self.body_bytes += received
                continue
            temp = received.split(b'\r\n\r\n', 1)
            if len(temp) == 1:
                self.header_bytes += temp
            else:
                h, b = temp
                self.header_bytes += h
                self.body_bytes += b
                header_flag = True

    @property
    def header_str(self):
        return str(self.header_bytes, encoding='utf-8')

    def initialize_headers(self):
        headers = self.header_str.split('\r\n')
        first_line = headers[0].split(' ')
        if len(first_line) == 3:
            self.method, self.url, self.protocol = headers[0].split(' ')
            for line in headers:
                kv = line.split(':')
                if len(kv) == 2:
                    k, v = kv
                    self.header_dict[k] = v


class Future(object):
    """
    异步非阻塞模式时封装回调函数以及是否准备就绪
    """
    def __init__(self, callback):
        self.callback = callback
        self._ready = False
        self.value = None

    def set_result(self, value=None):
        self.value = value
        self._ready = True

    @property
    def ready(self):
        return self._ready


class TimeoutFuture(Future):
    """
    异步非阻塞超时
    """
    def __init__(self, timeout):
        super(TimeoutFuture, self).__init__(callback=None)
        self.timeout = timeout
        self.start_time = time.time()

    @property
    def ready(self):
        current_time = time.time()
        if current_time > self.start_time + self.timeout:
            self._ready = True
        return self._ready


class Snow(object):
    """
    微型Web框架类
    """
    def __init__(self, routes):
        self.routes = routes
        self.inputs = set()
        self.request = None
        self.async_request_handler = {}

    def run(self, host='localhost', port=9999):
        """
        事件循环
        :param host:
        :param port:
        :return:
        """
        sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
        sock.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1)
        sock.bind((host, port,))
        sock.setblocking(False)
        sock.listen(128)
        sock.setblocking(0)
        self.inputs.add(sock)
        try:
            while True:
                readable_list, writeable_list, error_list = select.select(self.inputs, [], self.inputs,0.005)
                for conn in readable_list:
                    if sock == conn:
                        client, address = conn.accept()
                        client.setblocking(False)
                        self.inputs.add(client)
                    else:
                        gen = self.process(conn)
                        if isinstance(gen, HttpResponse):
                            conn.sendall(gen.response())
                            self.inputs.remove(conn)
                            conn.close()
                        else:
                            yielded = next(gen)
                            self.async_request_handler[conn] = yielded
                self.polling_callback()

        except Exception as e:
            pass
        finally:
            sock.close()

    def polling_callback(self):
        """
        遍历触发异步非阻塞的回调函数
        :return:
        """
        for conn in list(self.async_request_handler.keys()):
            yielded = self.async_request_handler[conn]
            if not yielded.ready:
                continue
            if yielded.callback:
                ret = yielded.callback(self.request, yielded)
                conn.sendall(ret.response())
            self.inputs.remove(conn)
            del self.async_request_handler[conn]
            conn.close()

    def process(self, conn):
        """
        处理路由系统以及执行函数
        :param conn:
        :return:
        """
        self.request = HttpRequest(conn)
        func = None
        for route in self.routes:
            if re.match(route[0], self.request.url):
                func = route[1]
                break
        if not func:
            return HttpNotFound()
        else:
            return func(self.request)
snow.py 源码

1.2 tornado框架核心代码分析(Snow类注释)     返回顶部

    1.每个请求过来就会创建一个socket对象,并调用select去监听连接,select会将所有请求放到readable_list列表中

    2.使用while不断执行for循环遍历readable_list,如果是新连接请求过来就加入inputs列表中

    3.如果已经连接就调用self.process来获取请求头和请求体,如果已经获取到了正常的返回内容,就会返回一个

        HttpResponse类型,直接返回response返回值即可

    4.如果没有处理完成就会返回一个future对象,将这个future对象加入async_request_handler字典中,程序会继续

        向下走,不会阻塞

    5.每次执行完for循环后就会调用self.polling_callback()方法,在这个方法中再使用for循环遍历async_request_handler

        字典中的future对象,只要future对象有response,就将response返回,并将这个future对象从字典中删除

class Snow(object):
    def __init__(self, routes):
        self.routes = routes
        self.inputs = set()
        self.request = None
        self.async_request_handler = {}

    def run(self, host='localhost', port=9999):
        """
        事件循环
        :param host:
        :param port:
        """
        sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
        sock.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1)
        sock.bind((host, port,))
        sock.setblocking(False)
        sock.listen(128)
        sock.setblocking(0)
        self.inputs.add(sock)
        try:
            while True:
                readable_list, writeable_list, error_list = select.select(self.inputs, [], self.inputs,0.005)
                for conn in readable_list:
                    if sock == conn:                        #1.表示有新连接请求过来
                        client, address = conn.accept()     #接收请求对象
                        client.setblocking(False)
                        self.inputs.add(client)             #加入inputs中
                    else:                                   #2. 连上后执行这里并判断连接类型
                        gen = self.process(conn)            # 获取请求头请求体
                        if isinstance(gen, HttpResponse):   #2.1如果返回的HttpResponse类型,就直接返回response
                                conn.sendall(gen.response())
                                self.inputs.remove(conn)
                            conn.close()
                        else:                              #2.2如果返回的是一个future类型,加入字典,并hold住
                            yielded = next(gen)
                            # 将future对象放到字典中,hold住这个请求,就继续向下执行
                            self.async_request_handler[conn] = yielded
                self.polling_callback()                    #3. 每次for循环结束就会调用这个方法

        except Exception as e:
            pass
        finally:
            sock.close()

    def polling_callback(self):
        """
        遍历触发异步非阻塞的回调函数
        :return:
        """
        for conn in list(self.async_request_handler.keys()):
            # conn是:   socket对象
            # yield是:  future对象
            yielded = self.async_request_handler[conn]
            # 若果future对象有返回值就会执行future.set_result()
            # 如果有人执行future.set_result()就会自动将ready改成true,才会向下走
            if not yielded.ready:
                continue
            if yielded.callback:
                ret = yielded.callback(self.request, yielded)
                conn.sendall(ret.response())         #返回数据
            self.inputs.remove(conn)                 #将inputs中删除这个链接
            del self.async_request_handler[conn]    #在字典中删除这个future对象
            conn.close()


    def polling_callback(self):
        """
        4. 遍历触发异步非阻塞的回调函数,当future对象有返回就结束,并从字典中删除
        :return:
        """
        for conn in list(self.async_request_handler.keys()):
            # conn是:   socket对象
            # yield是:  future对象
            yielded = self.async_request_handler[conn]
            # 若果future对象有返回值就会执行future.set_result()
            # 如果有人执行future.set_result()就会自动将ready改成true,才会向下走
            if not yielded.ready:
                continue
            if yielded.callback:
                ret = yielded.callback(self.request, yielded)
                conn.sendall(ret.response())  # 返回数据
            self.inputs.remove(conn)  # 将inputs中删除这个链接
            del self.async_request_handler[conn]  # 在字典中删除这个future对象
            conn.close()

    def process(self, conn):
        """
        处理路由系统以及执行函数
        :param conn:
        :return:
        """
        self.request = HttpRequest(conn)
        func = None
        for route in self.routes:
            if re.match(route[0], self.request.url):
                func = route[1]
                break
        if not func:
            return HttpNotFound()
        else:
            return func(self.request)
tornado核心处理类 Snow 代码注释

1.3 剖析Future()对象 实现异步非阻塞原理     返回顶部

  1.原理说明
    1、当发送GET请求时,由于方法被@gen.coroutine装饰且yield 一个 Future对象,那么Tornado会等待
    2、等待用户向future对象中放置数据或者发送信号,如果获取到数据或信号之后,就开始执行doing方法。
    3、等待用户向future对象中放置数据或者发送信号,如果获取到数据或信号之后,就开始执行doing方法。
    4、注意:在等待用户向future对象中放置数据或信号时,此连接是不断开的。
  2.验证方法
    1、首先访问:http://127.0.0.1:8888/async 会阻塞,并且不断开,页面一直在转,说明非阻塞
    2、然后访问:http://127.0.0.1:8888/login 可以直接访问,证明可以实现异步
    3、最后访问:http://127.0.0.1:8888/stop /index页面立刻就会返回了

import tornado.ioloop
import tornado.web
from tornado import gen
from tornado.concurrent import Future

'''1. 访问:http://127.0.0.1:8888/async 会阻塞'''
future = None

class AsyncHandler(tornado.web.RequestHandler):
    @gen.coroutine
    def get(self):
        global future
        future = Future()
        future.add_done_callback(self.doing)
        yield future

        # from tornado import httpclient
        # http = httpclient.AsyncHTTPClient()
        # # 下载完成后,自动执行 future.set_result()
        # yield http.fetch("http://www.google.com", self.doing)
    def doing(self, *args, **kwargs):
        self.write('async')
        self.finish()

'''2. 但是访问http://127.0.0.1:8888/login可以访问'''
class LoginHandler(tornado.web.RequestHandler):
    def get(self):
        self.write('login')

'''3. 当我们去访问http://127.0.0.1:8888/stop时就可以结束/async的阻塞'''
class StopHandler(tornado.web.RequestHandler):
    def get(self, *args, **kwargs):
        future.set_result('...')
        self.write('结束阻塞')

settings = {}
application = tornado.web.Application([
    (r"/login", LoginHandler),
    (r"/async", AsyncHandler),
    (r"/stop", StopHandler),
],**settings)
if __name__ == "__main__":
    application.listen(8888)
    print('直接访问会阻塞:http://127.0.0.1:8888/async')
    print('阻塞时还能访问login证明实现异步:http://127.0.0.1:8888/login')
    print('访问sotp会结束async的阻塞:http://127.0.0.1:8888/stop')
    tornado.ioloop.IOLoop.instance().start()
future对象实现阻塞 与 结束阻塞

1.4 自定义框架使用     返回顶部

  1、基本使用

      1. 在Linux下执行: python3 app.py

      2. 使用Linux中的Firefox访问:http://1.1.1.3:8888/index/

from snow import Snow
from snow import HttpResponse

def index(request):
    print('aafdsfsfdf')
    return HttpResponse('OK')

routes = [
    (r'/index/', index),
]

app = Snow(routes)
app.run(host='1.1.1.3',port=8888)
app.py

  2、异步非阻塞:超时

      1. 访问: http://127.0.0.1:8888/home/ 可以直接返回

      2. 访问:http://127.0.0.1:8888/async/  页面会转5s后超时

from snow import Snow
from snow import HttpResponse
from snow import TimeoutFuture

request_list = []

def async(request):
    obj = TimeoutFuture(5)
    yield obj

def home(request):
    return HttpResponse('home')

routes = [
    (r'/home/', home),
    (r'/async/', async),
]

app = Snow(routes)
app.run(port=8888)
app.py

  3、异步非阻塞:等待

      1. 访问: http://127.0.0.1:8888/req/ 会一直处于长连接的阻塞状态,由于异步所以可以阻塞也可以处理其他请求

      2. 访问:http://127.0.0.1:8888/stop/ 会执行 obj.set_result('done') 结束阻塞

from snow import Snow
from snow import HttpResponse
from snow import Future

request_list = []

def callback(request, future):
    return HttpResponse(future.value)

def req(request):
    obj = Future(callback=callback)
    request_list.append(obj)
    yield obj

def stop(request):
    obj = request_list[0]
    del request_list[0]
    obj.set_result('done')
    return HttpResponse('stop')

routes = [
    (r'/req/', req),
    (r'/stop/', stop),
]

app = Snow(routes)
app.run(port=8888)
app.py

 

posted @ 2017-12-15 09:24  不做大哥好多年  阅读(407)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报