1 1、垂直对齐
2
3 如果你用CSS，则你会有困惑：我该怎么垂直对齐容器中的元素？现在，利用CSS3的Transform，可以很优雅的解决这个困惑：
4 .verticalcenter{
5 position: relative;
6 top: 50%;
7 -webkit-transform: translateY(-50%);
8 -o-transform: translateY(-50%);
9 transform: translateY(-50%);
10 }
11 使用这个技巧，从单行文本、段落到box，都会垂直对齐。目前浏览器对Transform的支持是需要关注的，
12 Chrome 4, Opera 10, Safari 3, Firefox 3, and Internet Explorer 9均支持该属性
13
14
15 2、伸展一个元素到窗口高度
16
17 在具体场景中，你可能想要将一个元素伸展到窗口高度，基本元素的调整只能调整容器的大小,因此要使一个元素伸展到窗口高度，
18 我们需要伸展顶层元素：html和body:
19 html,
20 body {
21 height: 100%;
22 }
23 然后将100%应用到任何元素的高
24 div {
25 height: 100%;
26 }
27
28
29 3、基于文件格式使用不同的样式
30
31 为了更容易知道链接的目标，有时你想让一些链接看起来和其它的不同。下面的片段在文本链接前添加一个图标，对不同的资源使用不同的图标或图片：
32 a[href^="http://"]{
33 padding-right: 20px;
34 background: url(external.gif) no-repeat center right;
35 }
36 /* emails */
37 a[href^="mailto:"]{
38 padding-right: 20px;
39 background: url(email.png) no-repeat center right;
40 }
41
42 /* pdfs */
43 a[href$=".pdf"]{
44 padding-right: 20px;
45 background: url(pdf.png) no-repeat center right;
46 }
47
48
49 4、创建跨浏览器的图像灰度
50
51 灰度有时看起来简约和优雅，能为网站呈现更深层次的色调。在示例中，我们将对一个SVG图像添加灰度过滤：
52 <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
53 <filter id="grayscale">
54 <feColorMatrix type="matrix" values="0.3333 0.3333 0.3333 0 0 0.3333 0.3333 0.3333 0 0 0.3333 0.3333 0.3333 0 0 0 0 0 1 0"/>
55 </filter>
56 </svg>
57 为了跨浏览器，会用到filter属性：
58 img {
59 filter: url(filters.svg#grayscale); /* Firefox 3.5+ */
60 filter: gray; /* IE6-9 */
61 -webkit-filter: grayscale(1); /* Google Chrome, Safari 6+ & Opera 15+ */
62 }
63
64
65 5、背景渐变动画
66
67 CSS中最具诱惑的一个功能是能添加动画效果，除了渐变，你可以给背景色、透明度、元素大小添加动画。目前，你不能为渐变添加动画，但下面的代码可能有帮助。它通过改变背景位置，让它看起来有动画效果。
68 button {
69 background-image: linear-gradient(#5187c4, #1c2f45);
70 background-size: auto 200%;
71 background-position: 0 100%;
72 transition: background-position 0.5s;
73 }
74 button:hover {
75 background-position: 0 0;
76 }
77
78
79 6、CSS：表格列宽自适用
80
81 对于表格，当谈到调整列宽时，是比较痛苦的。然后，这里有一个可以使用的技巧：给td元素添加white-space: nowrap;能让文本正确的换行
82 td {
83 white-space: nowrap;
84 }
85
86
87 7、只在一边或两边显示盒子阴影
88
89 如果你要一个盒阴影，试试这个技巧，能为任一边添加阴影。为了实现这个，首先定义一个有具体宽高的盒子，然后正确定位:after伪类。实现底边阴影的代码如下
90 .box-shadow {
91 background-color: #FF8020;
92 width: 160px;
93 height: 90px;
94 margin-top: -45px;
95 margin-left: -80px;
96 position: absolute;
97 top: 50%;
98 left: 50%;
99 }
100 .box-shadow:after {
101 content: "";
102 width: 150px;
103 height: 1px;
104 margin-top: 88px;
105 margin-left: -75px;
106 display: block;
107 position: absolute;
108 left: 50%;
109 z-index: -1;
110 -webkit-box-shadow: 0px 0px 8px 2px #000000;
111 -moz-box-shadow: 0px 0px 8px 2px #000000;
112 box-shadow: 0px 0px 8px 2px #000000;}
113
114
115 8、包裹长文本
116
117 如果你碰到一个比自身容器长的文本，这个技巧对你很有用。在这个示例中，默认时，不管容器的宽度，文本都将水平填充。
118
119
120 简单的CSS代码就能在容器中调整文本：
121 pre {
122 white-space: pre-line;
123 word-wrap: break-word;
124 }
125 效果看起来如下：
126
127
128
129 9、制造模糊文本
130
131 想要让文本模糊？可以使用color透明和text-shadow实现
132 .blurry-text {
133 color: transparent;
134 text-shadow: 0 0 5px rgba(0,0,0,0.5);
135 }
136
137
138 10、用CSS动画实现省略号动画
139
140 这个片段将帮助你制造一个ellipsis的动画，对于简单的加载状态是很有用的，而不用去使用gif图像。
141 .loading:after {
142 overflow: hidden;
143 display: inline-block;
144 vertical-align: bottom;
145 animation: ellipsis 2s infinite;
146 content: "\2026"; /* ascii code for the ellipsis character */
147 }
148 @keyframes ellipsis { from {
149 width: 2px;
150 }
151 to {
152 width: 15px;
153 }
154 }
155
156
157 11、样式重置
158
159 html, body, div, span, applet, object, iframe, h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6, p, blockquote, pre, a, abbr, acronym, address, big, cite, code, del, dfn, em, img, ins, kbd, q, s, samp, small, strike, strong, sub, sup, tt, var, b, u, i, center, dl, dt, dd, ol, ul, li, fieldset, form, label, legend, table, caption, tbody, tfoot, thead, tr, th, td, article, aside, canvas, details, embed, figure, figcaption, footer, header, hgroup, menu, nav, output, ruby, section, summary, time, mark, audio, video {
160 margin: 0;
161 padding: 0;
162 border: 0;
163 font-size: 100%;
164 font: inherit;
165 vertical-align: baseline;
166 outline: none;
167 -webkit-box-sizing: border-box;
168 -moz-box-sizing: border-box;
169 box-sizing: border-box;
170 }
171 html { height: 101%; }
172 body { font-size: 62.5%; line-height: 1; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, sans-serif; }
173 article, aside, details, figcaption, figure, footer, header, hgroup, menu, nav, section { display: block; }
174 ol, ul { list-style: none; }
175 blockquote, q { quotes: none; }
176 blockquote:before, blockquote:after, q:before, q:after { content: ''; content: none; }
177 strong { font-weight: bold; }
178 table { border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0; }
179 img { border: 0; max-width: 100%; }
180 p { font-size: 1.2em; line-height: 1.0em; color: #333; }
181
182
183 12、典型的CSS清除浮动
184
185 .clearfix:after { content: "."; display: block; clear: both; visibility: hidden; line-height: 0; height: 0; }
186 .clearfix { display: inline-block; }
187 html[xmlns] .clearfix { display: block; }
188 * html .clearfix { height: 1%; }
189
190
191 13、新版清除浮动（2011）
192
193 .clearfix:before, .container:after { content: ""; display: table; }
194 .clearfix:after { clear: both; }
195 /* IE 6/7 */
196 .clearfix { zoom: 1; }
197
198
199 14、跨浏览器的透明
200
201 .transparent {
202 filter: alpha(opacity=50); /* internet explorer */
203 -khtml-opacity: 0.5; /* khtml, old safari */
204 -moz-opacity: 0.5; /* mozilla, netscape */
205 opacity: 0.5; /* fx, safari, opera */
206 }
207
208
209 15、CSS引用模板
210
211 blockquote {
212 background: #f9f9f9;
213 border-left: 10px solid #ccc;
214 margin: 1.5em 10px;
215 padding: .5em 10px;
216 quotes: "\201C""\201D""\2018""\2019";
217 }
218 blockquote:before {
219 color: #ccc;
220 content: open-quote;
221 font-size: 4em;
222 line-height: .1em;
223 margin-right: .25em;
224 vertical-align: -.4em;
225 }
226 blockquote p {
227 display: inline;
228 }
229
230
231 16、个性圆角
232
233 #container {
234 -webkit-border-radius: 4px 3px 6px 10px;
235 -moz-border-radius: 4px 3px 6px 10px;
236 -o-border-radius: 4px 3px 6px 10px;
237 border-radius: 4px 3px 6px 10px;
238 }
239 /* alternative syntax broken into each line */#container {
240 -webkit-border-top-left-radius: 4px;
241 -webkit-border-top-right-radius: 3px;
242 -webkit-border-bottom-right-radius: 6px;
243 -webkit-border-bottom-left-radius: 10px;
244 -moz-border-radius-topleft: 4px;
245 -moz-border-radius-topright: 3px;
246 -moz-border-radius-bottomright: 6px;
247 -moz-border-radius-bottomleft: 10px;
248 }
249
250
251 17、通用媒体查询
252
253 /* Smartphones (portrait and landscape) ----------- */
254 @media only screen
255 and (min-device-width : 320px) and (max-device-width : 480px) {
256 /* Styles */
257 }
258 /* Smartphones (landscape) ----------- */
259 @media only screen and (min-width : 321px) {
260 /* Styles */
261 }
262 /* Smartphones (portrait) ----------- */
263 @media only screen and (max-width : 320px) {
264 /* Styles */
265 }
266 /* iPads (portrait and landscape) ----------- */
267 @media only screen and (min-device-width : 768px) and (max-device-width : 1024px) {
268 /* Styles */
269 }
270 /* iPads (landscape) ----------- */
271 @media only screen and (min-device-width : 768px) and (max-device-width : 1024px) and (orientation : landscape) {
272 /* Styles */
273 }
274 /* iPads (portrait) ----------- */
275 @media only screen and (min-device-width : 768px) and (max-device-width : 1024px) and (orientation : portrait) {
276 /* Styles */
277 }
278 /* Desktops and laptops ----------- */
279 @media only screen and (min-width : 1224px) {
280 /* Styles */
281 }
282 /* Large screens ----------- */
283 @media only screen and (min-width : 1824px) {
284 /* Styles */
285 }
286 /* iPhone 4 ----------- */
287 @media only screen and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio:1.5), only screen and (min-device-pixel-ratio:1.5) {
288 /* Styles */
289 }
290
291
292 18、现代字体栈
293 /* Times New Roman-based serif */
294 font-family: Cambria, "Hoefler Text", Utopia, "Liberation Serif", "Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular", Times, "Times New Roman", serif;
295 /* A modern Georgia-based serif */
296 font-family: Constantia, "Lucida Bright", Lucidabright, "Lucida Serif", Lucida, "DejaVu Serif," "Bitstream Vera Serif", "Liberation Serif", Georgia, serif;
297 /*A more traditional Garamond-based serif */
298 font-family: "Palatino Linotype", Palatino, Palladio, "URW Palladio L", "Book Antiqua", Baskerville, "Bookman Old Style", "Bitstream Charter", "Nimbus Roman No9 L", Garamond, "Apple Garamond", "ITC Garamond Narrow", "New Century Schoolbook", "Century Schoolbook", "Century Schoolbook L", Georgia, serif;
299 /*The Helvetica/Arial-based sans serif */
300 font-family: Frutiger, "Frutiger Linotype", Univers, Calibri, "Gill Sans", "Gill Sans MT", "Myriad Pro", Myriad, "DejaVu Sans Condensed", "Liberation Sans", "Nimbus Sans L", Tahoma, Geneva, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;
301 /*The Verdana-based sans serif */
302 font-family: Corbel, "Lucida Grande", "Lucida Sans Unicode", "Lucida Sans", "DejaVu Sans", "Bitstream Vera Sans", "Liberation Sans", Verdana, "Verdana Ref", sans-serif;
303 /*The Trebuchet-based sans serif */
304 font-family: "Segoe UI", Candara, "Bitstream Vera Sans", "DejaVu Sans", "Bitstream Vera Sans", "Trebuchet MS", Verdana, "Verdana Ref", sans-serif;
305 /*The heavier "Impact" sans serif */
306 font-family: Impact, Haettenschweiler, "Franklin Gothic Bold", Charcoal, "Helvetica Inserat", "Bitstream Vera Sans Bold", "Arial Black", sans-serif;
307 /*The monospace */
308 font-family: Consolas, "Andale Mono WT", "Andale Mono", "Lucida Console", "Lucida Sans Typewriter", "DejaVu Sans Mono", "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Liberation Mono", "Nimbus Mono L", Monaco, "Courier New", Courier, monospace;
309
310
311 19、自定义文本选择
312
313 ::selection { background: #e2eae2; }::-moz-selection { background: #e2eae2; }::-webkit-selection { background: #e2eae2; }
314
315
316 20、为logo隐藏H1
317
318 h1 {
319 text-indent: -9999px;
320 margin: 0 auto;
321 width: 320px;
322 height: 85px;
323 background: transparent url("images/logo.png") no-repeat scroll;
324 }
325
326
327 21、图片边框偏光
328
329 img.polaroid {
330 background:#000; /*Change this to a background image or remove*/
331 border:solid #fff;
332 border-width:6px 6px 20px 6px;
333 box-shadow:1px 1px 5px #333; /* Standard blur at 5px. Increase for more depth */
334 -webkit-box-shadow:1px 1px 5px #333;
335 -moz-box-shadow:1px 1px 5px #333;
336 height:200px; /*Set to height of your image or desired div*/
337 width:200px; /*Set to width of your image or desired div*/
338 }
339
340
341 22、锚链接伪类
342
343 a:link { color: blue; }
344 a:visited { color: purple; }
345 a:hover { color: red; }
346 a:active { color: yellow; }
347
348
349 23、奇特的CSS引用
350
351 .has-pullquote:before {
352 /* Reset metrics. */
353 padding: 0;
354 border: none;
355 /* Content */
356 content: attr(data-pullquote);
357 /* Pull out to the right, modular scale based margins. */
358 float: right;
359 width: 320px;
360 margin: 12px -140px 24px 36px;
361 /* Baseline correction */
362 position: relative;
363 top: 5px;
364 /* Typography (30px line-height equals 25% incremental leading) */
365 font-size: 23px;
366 line-height: 30px;
367 }
368 .pullquote-adelle:before {
369 font-family: "adelle-1", "adelle-2";
370 font-weight: 100;
371 top: 10px !important;
372 }
373 .pullquote-helvetica:before {
374 font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif;
375 font-weight: bold;
376 top: 7px !important;
377 }
378 .pullquote-facit:before {
379 font-family: "facitweb-1", "facitweb-2", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;
380 font-weight: bold;
381 top: 7px !important;
382 }
383
384
385 24、CSS3：全屏背景
386
387 html {
388 background: url('images/bg.jpg') no-repeat center center fixed;
389 -webkit-background-size: cover;
390 -moz-background-size: cover;
391 -o-background-size: cover;
392 background-size: cover;
393 }
394
395
396 25、内容垂直居中
397
398 .container {
399 min-height: 6.5em;
400 display: table-cell;
401 vertical-align: middle;
402 }
403
404
405 26、强制出现垂直滚动条
406
407 html { height: 101% }
408
409
410 27、CSS3渐变模板
411
412 #colorbox {
413 background: #629721;
414 background-image: -webkit-gradient(linear, left top, left bottom, from(#83b842), to(#629721));
415 background-image: -webkit-linear-gradient(top, #83b842, #629721);
416 background-image: -moz-linear-gradient(top, #83b842, #629721);
417 background-image: -ms-linear-gradient(top, #83b842, #629721);
418 background-image: -o-linear-gradient(top, #83b842, #629721);
419 background-image: linear-gradient(top, #83b842, #629721);}
420
421
422 28、@font-face模板
423
424 @font-face {
425 font-family: 'MyWebFont';
426 src: url('webfont.eot'); /* IE9 Compat Modes */
427 src: url('webfont.eot?#iefix') format('embedded-opentype'), /* IE6-IE8 */
428 url('webfont.woff') format('woff'), /* Modern Browsers */
429 url('webfont.ttf') format('truetype'), /* Safari, Android, iOS */
430 url('webfont.svg#svgFontName') format('svg'); /* Legacy iOS */
431 }
432 body {
433 font-family: 'MyWebFont', Arial, sans-serif;
434 }
435
436
437 29、缝合CSS3元素
438
439 p {
440 position:relative;
441 z-index:1;
442 padding: 10px;
443 margin: 10px;
444 font-size: 21px;
445 line-height: 1.3em;
446 color: #fff;
447 background: #ff0030;
448 -webkit-box-shadow: 0 0 0 4px #ff0030, 2px 1px 4px 4px rgba(10,10,0,.5);
449 -moz-box-shadow: 0 0 0 4px #ff0030, 2px 1px 4px 4px rgba(10,10,0,.5);
450 box-shadow: 0 0 0 4px #ff0030, 2px 1px 6px 4px rgba(10,10,0,.5);
451 -webkit-border-radius: 3px;
452 -moz-border-radius: 3px;
453 border-radius: 3px;
454 }
455 p:before {
456 content: "";
457 position: absolute;
458 z-index: -1;
459 top: 3px;
460 bottom: 3px;
461 left :3px;
462 right: 3px;
463 border: 2px dashed #fff;}
464 p a {
465 color: #fff;
466 text-decoration:none;
467 }
468 p a:hover, p a:focus, p a:active {
469 text-decoration:underline;
470 }
471
472
473 30、CSS3 斑马线
474
475 tbody tr:nth-child(odd) {
476 background-color: #ccc;}
