CentOS 6编译安装yum和配置常用的yum源
安装环境：VPS,CentOS 6 + devel包
一、安装相应的软件
1.安装python
下载Python源码包
[root@akinlau ~]# wget http://www.python.org/ftp/python/2.4.3/Python-2.4.3.tar.bz2
解压Python源码包
[root@akinlau ~]# tar jxvf Python-2.4.3.tar.bz2
编译安装Python
[root@akinlau ~]# cd Python-2.4.3
[root@akinlau Python-2.4.3]# ./configure
checking MACHDEP... linux2
checking EXTRAPLATDIR...
checking for --without-gcc... no
checking for --with-cxx=<compiler>... no
checking for c++... c++
checking for /dev/ptmx... yes
checking for /dev/ptc... no
checking for socklen_t... yes
checking for build directories... done
configure: creating ./config.status
config.status: creating Makefile.pre
config.status: creating Modules/Setup.config
config.status: creating pyconfig.h
creating Setup
creating Setup.local
creating Makefile
[root@akinlau Python-2.4.3]# make
[root@akinlau Python-2.4.3]# make install
running install_scripts
copying build/scripts-2.4/smtpd.py -> /usr/local/bin
copying build/scripts-2.4/pydoc -> /usr/local/bin
copying build/scripts-2.4/idle -> /usr/local/bin
changing mode of /usr/local/bin/smtpd.py to 755
changing mode of /usr/local/bin/pydoc to 755
changing mode of /usr/local/bin/idle to 755
if test -f /usr/local/bin/python -o -h /usr/local/bin/python; \
then rm -f /usr/local/bin/python; \
else true; \
fi
(cd /usr/local/bin; ln python2.4 python)
Creating directory /usr/local/man
Creating directory /usr/local/man/man1
/usr/bin/install -c -m 644 ./Misc/python.man \
/usr/local/man/man1/python.1
2.下载并安装python-urlgrabber，python-pycurl，yum-metadata-parser
[root@akinlau ~] wget http://tel.mirrors.163.com/centos/6/os/x86_64/Packages/python-urlgrabber-3.9.1-8.el6.noarch.rpm
[root@akinlau ~] wget http://tel.mirrors.163.com/centos/6/os/x86_64/Packages/python-pycurl-7.19.0-8.el6.x86_64.rpm
[root@akinlau ~] wget http://tel.mirrors.163.com/centos/6/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-metadata-parser-1.1.2-16.el6.x86_64.rpm
[root@akinlau ~] rpm -ivh python-urlgrabber-3.9.1-8.el6.noarch.rpm python-pycurl-7.19.0-8.el6.x86_64.rpm yum-metadata-parser-1.1.2-16.el6.x86_64.rpm
3.创建yum配置文件
[root@akinlau ~] touch /etc/yum.conf
4.下载yum源码包并安装
[root@akinlau ~] wget http://yum.baseurl.org/download/3.4/yum-3.4.3.tar.gz
解压源码包
[root@akinlau ~] tar zxvf yum-3.4.3.tar.gz
编译安装yum
[root@akinlau ~] cd yum-3.4.3
[root@akinlau yum-3.4.3] ./yummain.py install yum
base | 3.7 kB 00:00
base/primary_db | 4.5 MB 00:07
extras | 3.5 kB 00:00
extras/primary_db | 23 kB 00:03
出现以上提示就证明yum已经安装成功了。
二、配置yum源(建议使用国内的163和sohu源，速度比较快)
1.网易(163) yum源
下载对应版本repo文件, 放入/etc/yum.repos.d/(操作前请做好相应备份)
CentOS5
wget http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS5-Base-163.repo
CentOS6
wget http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS6-Base-163.repo
运行yum makecache生成缓存
2.搜狐(sohu) yum 源
下载CentOS-Base-sohu.repo, 放入/etc/yum.repos.d/
wget http://mirrors.sohu.com/help/CentOS-Base-sohu.repo
运行yum makecache生成缓存
3.EPEL源
下载相应的RPM包安装
第6版企业版 Linux
wget http://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/i386/epel-release-6-5.noarch.rpm
第5版企业版 Linux
wget http://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/5/i386/epel-release-5-4.noarch.rpm
4.RPMForge源
下载对应系统版本的RPM包安装
EL 6:
i686:
wget http://pkgs.repoforge.org/rpmforge-release/rpmforge-release-0.5.2-2.el6.rf.i686.rpm
x86_64:
wget http://pkgs.repoforge.org/rpmforge-release/rpmforge-release-0.5.2-2.el6.rf.x86_64.rpm
EL 5:
i386:
wget http://pkgs.repoforge.org/rpmforge-release/rpmforge-release-0.5.2-2.el5.rf.i386.rpm
x86_64:
wget http://pkgs.repoforge.org/rpmforge-release/rpmforge-release-0.5.2-2.el5.rf.x86_64.rpm
163和sohu的源直接下载相应的repo文件放到/etc/yum.repos.d/目录，然后运行yum makecache生成缓存就可以使用
EPEL源和RPMForge源（国外的yum源）都是下载相应的RPM包安装后会自动在/etc/yum.repos.d/目录下生成相应的repo文件，然后运行yum makecache生成缓存就可以使用
不建议多种源一起用，一般情况下一个官方标准源加一个上面的其中一个源就足够用了，以上源对CentOS等系统完全兼容，但各软件库之间并不能保证完全兼容没有冲突。如果您需要同时使用以上源，您需要安装yum-priorities插件。安装yum-priorities插件后，您可以给各个源设置优先级priority。一般设置官方标准源优先级为1，最高，第三方源推荐>10（priority=N （N为1到99的正整数，数值越小越优先）。如果不想使用某个源的话可以在repo文件中设置 enabled=0不启用该源，如果想启用设成enabled=1就可以了。
下面以官方标准源：CentOS-Base.repo为例子，说明一下主要的设置选项：
[base] //软件源的名称，将被yum取得并识别
name=CentOS-$releasever - Base //定义软件仓库的名称,没实际作用
mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=os
//mirrorlist指定镜像服务器的地址列表
#baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/
//baseurl指定一个源的镜像服务器地址,这里加了#表示注释了yum将忽略这一行
priority=1 //设置源优先级,1到99的正整数，数值越小越优先
enabled=0 //这个选项表示是否启用repo中定义的这个源，0为禁用，1为启用
gpgcheck=1 //这个选项表示是否要对下载的rpm包进行gpg的校验，来确定rpm包的来源是有效和安全的，跟下面的gpgkey成对使用
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6 //定义用于校验的gpg密钥
