实验九异常、断言与日志
实验时间 2018-10-25
1、实验目的与要求
(1) 掌握java异常处理技术;
(2) 了解断言的用法;
(3) 了解日志的用途;
(4) 掌握程序基础调试技巧;
2、实验内容和步骤
实验1:用命令行与IDE两种环境下编辑调试运行源程序ExceptionDemo1、ExceptionDemo2,结合程序运行结果理解程序,掌握未检查异常和已检查异常的区别。
//异常示例1 public class ExceptionDemo1 { public static void main(String args[]) { int a = 0; System.out.println(5 / a); } } |
//异常示例2(找不到文件名) import java.io.*;
public class ExceptionDemo2 { public static void main(String args[]) { FileInputStream fis=new FileInputStream("text.txt");//JVM自动生成异常对象 int b; while((b=fis.read())!=-1) { System.out.print(b); } fis.close(); } } |
package aaa; public class 异常{ public static void main(String args[]) { int a = 0; if(a==0) System.out.println("除数为0"); else System.out.println(5 / a); } }
更改后的异常2
文件名找不到故此出现异常
//异常示例2(找不到文件名)
package aaa;
import java.io.*;
public class b {
public static void main(String args[]) throws IOException //添加抛出申明
{
FileInputStream fis=new FileInputStream("text.txt");//JVM自动生成异常对象
int b;
while((b=fis.read())!=-1)
{
System.out.print(b);
}
fis.close();
}
}
实验2: 导入以下示例程序,测试程序并进行代码注释。
测试程序1:
l 在elipse IDE中编辑、编译、调试运行教材281页7-1,结合程序运行结果理解程序;
l 在程序中相关代码处添加新知识的注释;
l 掌握Throwable类的堆栈跟踪方法;
package stackTrace; import java.util.*; /** * A program that displays a trace feature of a recursive method call. * @version 1.01 2004-05-10 * @author Cay Horstmann */ public class StackTraceTest { /** * Computes the factorial of a number * @param n a non-negative integer * @return n! = 1 * 2 * . . . * n */ public static int factorial(int n) { System.out.println("factorial(" + n + "):"); Throwable t = new Throwable();//构造一个Throwable 对象 StackTraceElement[] frames = t.getStackTrace();//获得构造这个对象时调用的对战的跟踪 for (StackTraceElement f : frames) System.out.println(f); int r; if (n <= 1) r = 1; else r = n * factorial(n - 1); System.out.println("return " + r); return r; } public static void main(String[] args) { Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in); System.out.print("Enter n: "); int n = in.nextInt(); factorial(n); } }
测试程序2:
l Java语言的异常处理有积极处理方法和消极处理两种方式;
l 下列两个简答程序范例给出了两种异常处理的代码格式。在elipse IDE中编辑、调试运行源程序ExceptionalTest.java,将程序中的text文件更换为身份证号.txt,要求将文件内容读入内容,并在控制台显示;
l 掌握两种异常处理技术的特点。
//积极处理方式 import java.io.*;
class ExceptionTest { public static void main (string args[]) { try{ FileInputStream fis=new FileInputStream("text.txt"); } catch(FileNotFoundExcption e) { …… } …… } } |
//消极处理方式
import java.io.*; class ExceptionTest { public static void main (string args[]) throws FileNotFoundExcption { FileInputStream fis=new FileInputStream("text.txt"); } } |
异常1
package aaa; //积极处理方式 import java.io.*; import java.io.BufferedReader; import java.io.FileReader; public class ExceptionTest { public static void main (String args[]) { File fis=new File("身份证号.txt"); try{ FileReader fr = new FileReader(fis); BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(fr); try { String s, s2 = new String(); while ((s = br.readLine()) != null) { s2 += s + "\n "; } br.close(); System.out.println(s2); } catch (IOException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } } catch (FileNotFoundException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } } }
异常2
package aaa; //消极处理方式 import java.io.*; public class ExceptionTest { public static void main (String args[]) throws IOException { File fis=new File("身份证号.txt"); FileReader fr = new FileReader(fis); BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(fr); String s, s2 = new String(); while ((s = br.readLine()) != null) { s2 += s + "\n "; } br.close(); System.out.println(s2); } }
实验3: 编程练习
练习1:
l 编制一个程序,将身份证号.txt 中的信息读入到内存中;
l 按姓名字典序输出人员信息;
l 查询最大年龄的人员信息;
l 查询最小年龄人员信息;
l 输入你的年龄,查询身份证号.txt中年龄与你最近人的姓名、身份证号、年龄、性别和出生地;
l 查询人员中是否有你的同乡;
l 在以上程序适当位置加入异常捕获代码。
package aaa; import java.io.BufferedReader; import java.io.File; import java.io.FileInputStream; import java.io.FileNotFoundException; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.InputStreamReader; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.Arrays; import java.util.Collections; import java.util.Scanner; public class b{ private static ArrayList<Student> studentlist; public static void main(String[] args) { studentlist = new ArrayList<>(); Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in); File file = new File("身份证号.txt"); try { FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(file); BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(fis)); String temp = null; while ((temp = in.readLine()) != null) { Scanner linescanner = new Scanner(temp); linescanner.useDelimiter(" "); String name = linescanner.next(); String number = linescanner.next(); String sex = linescanner.next(); String age = linescanner.next(); String province =linescanner.nextLine(); Student student = new Student(); student.setName(name); student.setnumber(number); student.setsex(sex); int a = Integer.parseInt(age); student.setage(a); student.setprovince(province); studentlist.add(student); } } catch (FileNotFoundException e) { System.out.println("学生信息文件找不到"); e.printStackTrace(); } catch (IOException e) { System.out.println("学生信息文件读取错误"); e.printStackTrace(); } boolean isTrue = true; while (isTrue) { System.out.println("选择你的操作, "); System.out.println("1.字典排序 "); System.out.println("2.输出年龄最大和年龄最小的人 "); System.out.println("3.寻找老乡 "); System.out.println("4.寻找年龄相近的人 "); System.out.println("5.退出 "); String m = scanner.next(); switch (m) { case "1": Collections.sort(studentlist); System.out.println(studentlist.toString()); break; case "2": int max=0,min=100; int j,k1 = 0,k2=0; for(int i=1;i<studentlist.size();i++) { j=studentlist.get(i).getage(); if(j>max) { max=j; k1=i; } if(j<min) { min=j; k2=i; } } System.out.println("年龄最大:"+studentlist.get(k1)); System.out.println("年龄最小:"+studentlist.get(k2)); break; case "3": System.out.println("地址?"); String find = scanner.next(); String place=find.substring(0,3); for (int i = 0; i <studentlist.size(); i++) { if(studentlist.get(i).getprovince().substring(1,4).equals(place)) System.out.println("老乡"+studentlist.get(i)); } break; case "4": System.out.println("年龄:"); int yourage = scanner.nextInt(); int near=agenear(yourage); int value=yourage-studentlist.get(near).getage(); System.out.println(""+studentlist.get(near)); break; case "5 ": isTrue = false; System.out.println("退出程序!"); break; default: System.out.println("输入有误"); } } } public static int agenear(int age) { int j=0,min=53,value=0,ok=0; for (int i = 0; i < studentlist.size(); i++) { value=studentlist.get(i).getage()-age; if(value<0) value=-value; if (value<min) { min=value; ok=i; } } return ok; } }
package aaa; public class Student implements Comparable<Student> { private String name; private String number ; private String sex ; private int age; private String province; public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public String getnumber() { return number; } public void setnumber(String number) { this.number = number; } public String getsex() { return sex ; } public void setsex(String sex ) { this.sex =sex ; } public int getage() { return age; } public void setage(int age) { // int a = Integer.parseInt(age); this.age= age; } public String getprovince() { return province; } public void setprovince(String province) { this.province=province ; } public int compareTo(Student o) { return this.name.compareTo(o.getName()); } public String toString() { return name+"\t"+sex+"\t"+age+"\t"+number+"\t"+province+"\n"; } }
注:以下实验课后完成
练习2:
l 编写一个计算器类,可以完成加、减、乘、除的操作;
l 利用计算机类,设计一个小学生100以内数的四则运算练习程序,由计算机随机产生10道加减乘除练习题,学生输入答案,由程序检查答案是否正确,每道题正确计10分,错误不计分,10道题测试结束后给出测试总分;
l 将程序中测试练习题及学生答题结果输出到文件,文件名为test.txt;
l 在以上程序适当位置加入异常捕获代码。
1 package aaa; 2 import java.io.FileNotFoundException; 3 import java.io.PrintWriter; 4 import java.util.Scanner; 5 6 7 public class b { 8 public static void main(String[] args) { 9 10 Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in); 11 Student student=new Student(); 12 PrintWriter out = null; 13 try { 14 out = new PrintWriter("text.txt"); 15 } catch (FileNotFoundException e) { 16 e.printStackTrace(); 17 } 18 int sum = 0; 19 20 21 22 for (int i = 1; i <=10; i++) { 23 int a = (int) Math.round(Math.random() * 100); 24 int b = (int) Math.round(Math.random() * 100); 25 int c= (int) Math.round(Math.random() * 3); 26 27 28 switch(c) 29 { 30 case 0: 31 System.out.println(i+": "+a+"/"+b+"="); 32 33 while(b==0) 34 { 35 b = (int) Math.round(Math.random() * 100); 36 } 37 38 int C = in.nextInt(); 39 out.println(a+"/"+b+"="+C); 40 if (C == student.division(a, b)) { 41 sum += 10; 42 System.out.println("恭喜答案正确"); 43 } 44 else { 45 System.out.println("抱歉,答案错误"); 46 } 47 48 break; 49 50 case 1: 51 System.out.println(i+": "+a+"*"+b+"="); 52 int D = in.nextInt(); 53 out.println(a+"*"+b+"="+D); 54 if (D == student.multiplication(a, b)) { 55 sum += 10; 56 System.out.println("恭喜答案正确"); 57 } 58 else { 59 System.out.println("抱歉,答案错误"); 60 } 61 break; 62 case 2: 63 System.out.println(i+": "+a+"+"+b+"="); 64 int E = in.nextInt(); 65 out.println(a+"+"+b+"="+E); 66 if (E == student.add(a, b)) { 67 sum += 10; 68 System.out.println("恭喜答案正确"); 69 } 70 else { 71 System.out.println("抱歉,答案错误"); 72 } 73 74 break ; 75 case 3: 76 System.out.println(i+": "+a+"-"+b+"="); 77 int F = in.nextInt(); 78 out.println(a+"-"+b+"="+F); 79 if (F == student.reduce(a, b)) { 80 sum += 10; 81 System.out.println("恭喜答案正确"); 82 } 83 else { 84 System.out.println("抱歉,答案错误"); 85 } 86 break ; 88 } 89 } 90 System.out.println("成绩"+sum); 91 out.println("成绩:"+sum); 92 out.close(); 93 } 94 }
package aaa; public class Student { private int a; private int b; public int add(int a,int b) { return a+b; } public int reduce(int a,int b) { return a-b; } public int multiplication(int a,int b) { return a*b; } public int division(int a,int b) { if(b!=0) return a/b; else return 0; } }
实验4:断言、日志、程序调试技巧验证实验。
实验程序1:
//断言程序示例 public class AssertDemo { public static void main(String[] args) { test1(-5); test2(-3); }
private static void test1(int a){ assert a > 0; System.out.println(a); } private static void test2(int a){ assert a > 0 : "something goes wrong here, a cannot be less than 0"; System.out.println(a); } } |
l 在elipse下调试程序AssertDemo,结合程序运行结果理解程序;
l 注释语句test1(-5);后重新运行程序,结合程序运行结果理解程序;
l 掌握断言的使用特点及用法。
修改后
package duanyan; public class AssertDemo { public static void main(String[] args) { // test1(-5); test2(-3); } private static void test1(int a){ assert a > 0; System.out.println(a); } private static void test2(int a){ assert a > 0 : "something goes wrong here, a cannot be less than 0"; System.out.println(a); } }
实验程序2:
l 用JDK命令调试运行教材298页-300页程序7-2,结合程序运行结果理解程序;
l 并掌握Java日志系统的用途及用法。
实验程序3:
l 用JDK命令调试运行教材298页-300页程序7-2,结合程序运行结果理解程序;
l 按课件66-77内容练习并掌握Elipse的常用调试技术。
实验总结:
在本周的学习中,掌握了java异常处理的一些基础技术;通过调试测试书上的示例程序,以及老师和助教学长的讲解下使我初步的理解了这一章的知识。课后的自主实验在学长帮助的基础上将其做出来,通过这周的学习初步的对于本章知识有了些许的理解。