ansible 流程控制
Ansible流程控制
一、playbook条件语句
不管是shell还是各大编程语言中,流程控制,条件判断这些都是必不可少的,
在我们使用Ansible的过程中,条件判断的使用频率极其高。
例如:
1.我们使用不同的系统的时候,可以通过判断系统来对软件包进行安装。
2.在nfs和rsync安装过程中,客户端服务器不需要推送配置文件,之前我们都是写多个play,会影响效率。
3.我们在源码安装nginx的时候,执行第二遍就无法执行了,此时我们就可以进行判断是否安装过。
1.判断主机
- host:nfs_group
- name: Start nfs Server
systemd:
name: nfs
state: started
when: ansible_fqdn == "nfs"
2.多条件判断
- hosts: all
tasks:
- name: Install nfs Server
yum:
name: nfs-utils
state: present
when: (ansible_fqdn == "nfs") or (ansible_fqdn is match "web*")
3.判断服务是否安装
- hosts: web_group
tasks:
- name: Tar php.tar.gz
unarchive:
src: /root/package/php.tar.gz
dest: /tmp/
- name: Get PHP Install status
shell: "rpm -qa | grep php"
ignore_errors: yes
register: get_php_install_status
#打印注册的变量信息,没有任何作用,只是为了获取安装状态判断参数 rc
- name: print PHP Install status
debug:
msg: "{{ get_php_install_status }}"
4.判断系统
- hosts: nfs
tasks:
- name: Install httpd
shell: "yum install -y httpd"
when: ansible_distribution == "CentOS"
- name: Install apache2
shell: "apt-get apache2"
when: ansible_distribution == "Ubuntu"
5.判断系统版本
1)方式一:
[root@m01 ~]# cat version.yml
- hosts: nfs
tasks:
- name: CentOS6 Start httpd
shell: "service httpd start"
when: (ansible_distribution == "CentOS") and (ansible_distribution_major_version == "6")
- name: CentOS7 Start httpd
shell: "systemctl start httpd"
when: (ansible_distribution == "CentOS") and (ansible_distribution_major_version == "7")
2)方式二
#多条件判断的第二种方式,列表的形式(只能表示并且\and\和)
[root@m01 ~]# cat version.yml
- hosts: nfs
tasks:
- name: CentOS6 Start httpd
shell: "service httpd start"
when:
- ansible_distribution == "CentOS"
- ansible_distribution_major_version == "6"
- name: CentOS7 Start httpd
shell: "systemctl start httpd"
when:
- ansible_distribution == "CentOS"
- ansible_distribution_major_version == "7"
3)一般使用场景
tasks:
- shell: echo "only on Red Hat 6, derivatives, and later"
when: ansible_facts['os_family'] == "RedHat" and ansible_facts['lsb']['major_release']|int >= 6
二、playbook循环语句
1.定义变量安装多服务
[root@m01 ~]# vim install.yml
- hosts: nfs
tasks:
- name: Install Server
yum:
name: "{{ package }}"
state: present
vars:
package:
- httpd
- nfs-utils
- mariadb-server
2.定义变量启动多服务
[root@m01 ~]# cat install.yml
- hosts: nfs
vars:
package:
- httpd
- nfs-utils
- mariadb-server
tasks:
- name: Install Server
yum:
name: "{{ package }}"
state: present
- name: Start Server
systemd:
name: "{{ item }}"
state: started
enabled: yes
with_items:
- httpd
- nfs-utils
- mariadb
3.字典定义变量
1)创建多个用户组
- name: Create www Group
group:
name: "{{ item.name }}"
gid: "{{ item.gid }}"
with_items:
- { name: www, gid: 666 }
- { name: lhd, gid: 777 }
- { name: dsb, gid: 888 }
2)创建多个用户
- name: Create www User
user:
name: "{{ item.name }}"
uid: "{{ item.uid }}"
group: "{{ item.name }}"
shell: "{{ item.shell }}"
create_home: "{{ item.create_home }}"
with_items:
- { name: www, uid: 666, shell: "/sbin/nologin", create_home: no }
- { name: lhd, uid: 777, shell: "/bin/bash", create_home: no }
- { name: dsb, uid: 888, shell: "/bin/bash", create_home: yes }
三、playbook handlers 触发器
1.什么是触发器
handler用来执行某些条件下的任务,比如当配置文件发生变化的时候,通过notify触发handler去重启服务。
在saltstack中也有类似的触发器,写法相对Ansible简单,只需要watch,配置文件即可
2.配置触发器
[root@m01 ~]# cat handler.yml
- hosts: web_group
tasks:
- name: Install Http Server
yum:
name: httpd
state: present
- name: config httpd server
copy:
src: ./httpd.conf
dest: /etc/httpd/conf
notify: Restart Httpd Server
- name: start httpd server
service:
name:httpd
state: started
enabled: yes
handlers:
- name: Restart Httpd Server
systemd:
name: httpd
state: restarted
3.注意事项
1.无论多少个task通知了相同的handlers,handlers仅会在所有tasks结束后运行一次。
2.Handlers只有在其所在的任务被执行时,才会被运行;如果一个任务中定义了notify调用Handlers,但是由于条件判断等原因,该任务未被执行,那么Handlers同样不会被执行。
3.Handlers只会在每一个play的末尾运行一次;如果想在一个playbook中间运行Handlers,则需要使用meta模块来实现。例如: -meta: flush_handlers。
4.如果一个play在运行到调用Handlers的语句之前失败了,那么这个Handlers将不会被执行。我们可以使用meta模块的--force-handlers选项来强制执行Handlers,即使Handlers所在的play中途运行失败也能执行。
5.不能使用handlers替代tasks