web前端【第十四篇】Bootstrap简单使用
一、一个小知识点
1、截取长屏的操作
2、设置默认格式
3、md,sm, xs
4、空格和没有空格的选择器
二、响应式介绍
- 响应式布局是什么?
同一个网页在不同的终端上呈现不同的布局等
- 响应式怎么实现的?
1. CSS3 media query 媒体查询
2. JS去控制网页的布局和样式等
- 缺点:工作量大,网页响应慢
- 优点: 专治疑难杂症
3. 用框架
- Bootstrap
测试用css 媒体查询实现响应式
方式一、link.css文件
主文件中导入link.css文件
方式二、link2.css文件
在主文件中导入link2.css文件
测试用Bootstrap实现响应式
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>响应式示例</title> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="bootstrap-3.3.7-dist/css/bootstrap.min.css"> <style> body { overflow-x: hidden; } @media screen and (max-width: 767px) { .r1 { position: relative; right: 0; transition: all .25s ease-out; } .r1 .my-sidebar { right: -50%; /*当是小屏幕的时候先把列表组移过去*/ } .r1.active { right: 50%; /*当点击按钮的时候在把列表组移进来*/ } .my-sidebar { position: absolute; top: 0; width: 50%; } } </style> </head> <body> <!--导航条--> <nav class="navbar navbar-inverse"> <div class="container"> <!-- Brand and toggle get grouped for better mobile display --> <div class="navbar-header"> <button type="button" class="navbar-toggle collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#bs-example-navbar-collapse-1" aria-expanded="false"> <span class="sr-only">Toggle navigation</span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> </button> <a class="navbar-brand" href="#">Project name</a> </div> <!-- Collect the nav links, forms, and other content for toggling --> <div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="bs-example-navbar-collapse-1"> <ul class="nav navbar-nav"> <li class="active"><a href="#">Home <span class="sr-only">(current)</span></a></li> <li><a href="#">About</a></li> <li><a href="#">Contact</a></li> </ul> </div><!-- /.navbar-collapse --> </div><!-- /.container-fluid --> </nav> <div class="container"> <div class="row r1"> <!--左侧部分--> <div class="col-md-9 col-sm-9" id="c1"> <!--toggle--> <!--visible-xs 当屏幕是超小屏幕的时候显示--> <p class="pull-right visible-xs"> <button class="btn-xs btn btn-primary" id="togglebtn">Toggle nav</button> </p> <!--巨幕--> <div class="bs-example" data-example-id="simple-jumbotron"> <div class="jumbotron"> <h1>Hello, world!</h1> <p>This is a simple hero unit, a simple jumbotron-style component for calling extra attention to featured content or information.</p> </div> </div> <!--内容--> <!--分块的内容--> <div class="col-md-4 col-sm-6"> <h3>Thumbnail label</h3> <p>Cras justo odio, dapibus ac facilisis in, egestas eget quam. Donec id elit non mi porta gravida at eget metus. Nullam id dolor id nibh ultricies vehicula ut id elit.</p> <p><a href="#" class="btn btn-default" role="button">查看详情>></a></p> </div> <!--分块的内容--> <div class="col-md-4 col-sm-6"> <h3>Thumbnail label</h3> <p>Cras justo odio, dapibus ac facilisis in, egestas eget quam. Donec id elit non mi porta gravida at eget metus. Nullam id dolor id nibh ultricies vehicula ut id elit.</p> <p><a href="#" class="btn btn-default" role="button">查看详情>></a></p> </div> <!--分块的内容--> <div class="col-md-4 col-sm-6"> <h3>Thumbnail label</h3> <p>Cras justo odio, dapibus ac facilisis in, egestas eget quam. Donec id elit non mi porta gravida at eget metus. Nullam id dolor id nibh ultricies vehicula ut id elit.</p> <p><a href="#" class="btn btn-default" role="button">查看详情>></a></p> </div> <!--分块的内容--> <div class="col-md-4 col-sm-6"> <h3>Thumbnail label</h3> <p>Cras justo odio, dapibus ac facilisis in, egestas eget quam. Donec id elit non mi porta gravida at eget metus. Nullam id dolor id nibh ultricies vehicula ut id elit.</p> <p><a href="#" class="btn btn-default" role="button">查看详情>></a></p> </div> <!--分块的内容--> <div class="col-md-4 col-sm-6"> <h3>Thumbnail label</h3> <p>Cras justo odio, dapibus ac facilisis in, egestas eget quam. Donec id elit non mi porta gravida at eget metus. Nullam id dolor id nibh ultricies vehicula ut id elit.</p> <p><a href="#" class="btn btn-default" role="button">查看详情>></a></p> </div> <!--分块的内容--> <div class="col-md-4 col-sm-6"> <h3>Thumbnail label</h3> <p>Cras justo odio, dapibus ac facilisis in, egestas eget quam. Donec id elit non mi porta gravida at eget metus. Nullam id dolor id nibh ultricies vehicula ut id elit.</p> <p><a href="#" class="btn btn-default" role="button">查看详情>></a></p> </div> </div> <!--右侧部分:列表组--> <div class="col-sm-3 my-sidebar " id="listgroup"> <div class="list-group"> <a href="#" class="list-group-item active">Cras justo odio</a> <a href="#" class="list-group-item">Dapibus ac facilisis in</a> <a href="#" class="list-group-item">Morbi leo risus</a> <a href="#" class="list-group-item">Porta ac consectetur ac</a> <a href="#" class="list-group-item">Vestibulum at eros</a> <a href="#" class="list-group-item">Vestibulum at eros</a> <a href="#" class="list-group-item">Vestibulum at eros</a> <a href="#" class="list-group-item">Vestibulum at eros</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <script src="jquery-3.2.1.min.js"></script> <script src="bootstrap-3.3.7-dist/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script> <script> $(document).ready(function () { $("#togglebtn").on("click",function () { $(".r1").toggleClass("active") }) }); </script> </body> </html>
三、常用插件
常用插件基本上都是基于jQuery ,
先导入插件的CSS文件
再导入jQuery文件
最后导入JS,注意jQuery是必须要放在JS上面的
1、Sweet Alert(弹出框)
使用步骤:1下载 2解压找到里面的dist(主要是dist)和animate.css 3引入到自己的文件里就行了
注:如果是html参数就要用animate
具体例子实现
代码实现
sweetAlert示例
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <title>sweetalert2</title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="sweetalert2/sweetalert2.min.css"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="animate.css"> </head> <body> <script src="../jquery-3.2.1.js"></script> <script src="sweetalert2/sweetalert2.min.js"></script> <script> // swal({ // title: '你真的确定吗?', // text: "当前操作是删库,可能你需要回去收拾一下行李,准备跑路。。。", // type: 'warning', // showCancelButton: true, // confirmButtonColor: '#3085d6', // cancelButtonColor: '#d33', // confirmButtonText: '是的,我准备好离职了!', // cancelButtonText: '是的,我准备好离职了!' // // 点击确认按钮后,执行这个then // }).then(function () { // // 做逻辑判断 // console.log("做逻辑判断..."); // swal( // '删除成功!', // '留给你的时间不多了', // 'success' // ) // }) // swal({ // title: 'Sweet!', // text: 'Modal with a custom image.', // imageUrl: 'z.png', // imageWidth: 400, // imageHeight: 200, // imageAlt: 'Custom image', // animation: false // }) </script> </body> </html>
运行结果截图:
2、jQuery lazyload 主要是为了节省流量,点击时才出现
懒加载图片例子
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="zh-CN"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta http-equiv="x-ua-compatible" content="IE=edge"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <title>懒加载示例</title> </head> <body> <div> <div><img src="img/0.jpg" alt="" class="lazy" data-original="http://pic.pptbz.com/pptpic/201511/2015110586122945.jpg" width="600px" height="400px"></div> <div><img src="img/0.jpg" alt="" class="lazy" data-original="http://img1.bitautoimg.com/bitauto/2012/08/10/3aa9e774-574b-4165-b59a-db4f243bdc5a.jpg" width="600px" height="400px"></div> <div><img src="img/0.jpg" alt="" class="lazy" data-original="http://dl.bizhi.sogou.com/images/2014/01/09/485496.jpg" width="600px" height="400px"></div> <div><img src="img/0.jpg" alt="" class="lazy" data-original="img/4.jpg" width="600px" height="400px"></div> <div><img src="img/0.jpg" alt="" class="lazy" data-original="img/5.jpg" width="600px" height="400px"></div> <div><img src="img/0.jpg" alt="" class="lazy" data-original="img/6.jpg" width="600px" height="400px"></div> <div><img src="img/0.jpg" alt="" class="lazy" data-original="img/1.jpg" width="600px" height="400px"></div> <div><img src="img/0.jpg" alt="" class="lazy" data-original="img/2.jpg" width="600px" height="400px"></div> <div><img src="img/0.jpg" alt="" class="lazy" data-original="img/3.jpg" width="600px" height="400px"></div> <div><img src="img/0.jpg" alt="" class="lazy" data-original="img/4.jpg" width="600px" height="400px"></div> <div><img src="img/0.jpg" alt="" class="lazy" data-original="img/5.jpg" width="600px" height="400px"></div> <div><img src="img/0.jpg" alt="" class="lazy" data-original="img/6.jpg" width="600px" height="400px"></div> <div><img src="img/0.jpg" alt="" class="lazy" data-original="img/1.jpg" width="600px" height="400px"></div> <div><img src="img/0.jpg" alt="" class="lazy" data-original="img/2.jpg" width="600px" height="400px"></div> <div><img src="img/0.jpg" alt="" class="lazy" data-original="img/3.jpg" width="600px" height="400px"></div> <div><img src="img/0.jpg" alt="" class="lazy" data-original="img/4.jpg" width="600px" height="400px"></div> <div><img src="img/0.jpg" alt="" class="lazy" data-original="img/5.jpg" width="600px" height="400px"></div> <div><img src="img/0.jpg" alt="" class="lazy" data-original="img/6.jpg" width="600px" height="400px"></div> <div><img src="img/0.jpg" alt="" class="lazy" data-original="img/1.jpg" width="600px" height="400px"></div> <div><img src="img/0.jpg" alt="" class="lazy" data-original="img/2.jpg" width="600px" height="400px"></div> <div><img src="img/0.jpg" alt="" class="lazy" data-original="img/3.jpg" width="600px" height="400px"></div> <div><img src="img/0.jpg" alt="" class="lazy" data-original="img/4.jpg" width="600px" height="400px"></div> <div><img src="img/0.jpg" alt="" class="lazy" data-original="img/5.jpg" width="600px" height="400px"></div> <div><img src="img/0.jpg" alt="" class="lazy" data-original="img/6.jpg" width="600px" height="400px"></div> <div><img src="img/0.jpg" alt="" class="lazy" data-original="img/1.jpg" width="600px" height="400px"></div> <div><img src="img/0.jpg" alt="" class="lazy" data-original="img/2.jpg" width="600px" height="400px"></div> <div><img src="img/0.jpg" alt="" class="lazy" data-original="img/3.jpg" width="600px" height="400px"></div> <div><img src="img/0.jpg" alt="" class="lazy" data-original="img/4.jpg" width="600px" height="400px"></div> <div><img src="img/0.jpg" alt="" class="lazy" data-original="img/5.jpg" width="600px" height="400px"></div> <div><img src="img/0.jpg" alt="" class="lazy" data-original="img/6.jpg" width="600px" height="400px"></div> <div><img src="img/0.jpg" alt="" class="lazy" data-original="img/1.jpg" width="600px" height="400px"></div> <div><img src="img/0.jpg" alt="" class="lazy" data-original="img/2.jpg" width="600px" height="400px"></div> <div><img src="img/0.jpg" alt="" class="lazy" data-original="img/3.jpg" width="600px" height="400px"></div> <div><img src="img/0.jpg" alt="" class="lazy" data-original="img/4.jpg" width="600px" height="400px"></div> <div><img src="img/0.jpg" alt="" class="lazy" data-original="img/5.jpg" width="600px" height="400px"></div> <div><img src="img/0.jpg" alt="" class="lazy" data-original="img/6.jpg" width="600px" height="400px"></div> <div><img src="img/0.jpg" alt="" class="lazy" data-original="img/1.jpg" width="600px" height="400px"></div> <div><img src="img/0.jpg" alt="" class="lazy" data-original="img/2.jpg" width="600px" height="400px"></div> <div><img src="img/0.jpg" alt="" class="lazy" data-original="img/3.jpg" width="600px" height="400px"></div> <div><img src="img/0.jpg" alt="" class="lazy" data-original="img/4.jpg" width="600px" height="400px"></div> <div><img src="img/0.jpg" alt="" class="lazy" data-original="img/5.jpg" width="600px" height="400px"></div> <div><img src="img/0.jpg" alt="" class="lazy" data-original="img/6.jpg" width="600px" height="400px"></div> <div><img src="img/0.jpg" alt="" class="lazy" data-original="img/1.jpg" width="600px" height="400px"></div> <div><img src="img/0.jpg" alt="" class="lazy" data-original="img/2.jpg" width="600px" height="400px"></div> <div><img src="img/0.jpg" alt="" class="lazy" data-original="img/3.jpg" width="600px" height="400px"></div> <div><img src="img/0.jpg" alt="" class="lazy" data-original="img/4.jpg" width="600px" height="400px"></div> <div><img src="img/0.jpg" alt="" class="lazy" data-original="img/5.jpg" width="600px" height="400px"></div> <div><img src="img/0.jpg" alt="" class="lazy" data-original="img/6.jpg" width="600px" height="400px"></div> <div><img src="img/0.jpg" alt="" class="lazy" data-original="img/1.jpg" width="600px" height="400px"></div> <div><img src="img/0.jpg" alt="" class="lazy" data-original="img/2.jpg" width="600px" height="400px"></div> <div><img src="img/0.jpg" alt="" class="lazy" data-original="img/3.jpg" width="600px" height="400px"></div> <div><img src="img/0.jpg" alt="" class="lazy" data-original="img/4.jpg" width="600px" height="400px"></div> <div><img src="img/0.jpg" alt="" class="lazy" data-original="img/5.jpg" width="600px" height="400px"></div> <div><img src="img/0.jpg" alt="" class="lazy" data-original="img/6.jpg" width="600px" height="400px"></div> <div><img src="img/0.jpg" alt="" class="lazy" data-original="img/1.jpg" width="600px" height="400px"></div> <div><img src="img/0.jpg" alt="" class="lazy" data-original="img/2.jpg" width="600px" height="400px"></div> <div><img src="img/0.jpg" alt="" class="lazy" data-original="img/3.jpg" width="600px" height="400px"></div> <div><img src="img/0.jpg" alt="" class="lazy" data-original="img/4.jpg" width="600px" height="400px"></div> <div><img src="img/0.jpg" alt="" class="lazy" data-original="img/5.jpg" width="600px" height="400px"></div> <div><img src="img/0.jpg" alt="" class="lazy" data-original="img/6.jpg" width="600px" height="400px"></div> </div> <script src="https://cdn.bootcss.com/jquery/3.2.1/jquery.min.js"></script> <script src="jquery.lazyload.min.js"></script> <script> $("img.lazy").lazyload({ effect: "fadeIn", event: "click" }) </script> </body> </html>
3、Font Awesome 字体图标(一般用fonts文件)
字体图标示例
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"> <title>图标示例</title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="font-awesome/css/font-awesome.css"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="toastr/toastr.css"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="bootstrap-3.3.7-dist/css/bootstrap.min.css"> </head> <body> <button class="btn btn-primary btn-lg"><i class="fa fa-plug" aria-hidden="true"></i>微信</button> <span class="fa-stack fa-lg"> <i class="fa fa-circle-o fa-stack-1x"></i> <i class="fa fa-wechat fa-stack-2x"></i> </span> <script src="jquery-3.2.1.min.js"></script> <script src="toastr/toastr.min.js"></script> <script> toastr.options = { "closeButton": true, "debug": false, "progressBar": false, "positionClass": "toast-top-left", "onclick": null, "showDuration": "300", "hideDuration": "1000", "timeOut": "5000", "extendedTimeOut": "1000", "showEasing": "swing", "hideEasing": "linear", "showMethod": "fadeIn", "hideMethod": "fadeOut" }; toastr.info("Flatlab is an Awesome dashboard build with BS3 ", "Toastr Notification") </script> </body> </html>
4、 Toastr (通知栏)
使用步骤:1下载 2解压找到里面的build 3引入到自己的文件里就行了
- 通知栏的插件
四、用Bootstrap实现的轮廓图
//示例 <!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"> <title>轮播图示例</title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="bootstrap-3.3.7-dist/css/bootstrap.min.css"> </head> <body> <!--<div class="container">--> <!--<div class="row">--> <!--<div class="col-md-12">--> <!--在javascript插件里面的Carousel中找--> <div id="carousel-example-generic" class="carousel slide" data-ride="carousel"> <!-- Indicators --> <ol class="carousel-indicators"> <li data-target="#carousel-example-generic" data-slide-to="0" class="active"></li> <li data-target="#carousel-example-generic" data-slide-to="1"></li> <li data-target="#carousel-example-generic" data-slide-to="2"></li> </ol> <!-- Wrapper for slides --> <div class="carousel-inner" role="listbox"> <div class="item active"> <img src="img/banner_3.jpg" alt="..."> <div class="carousel-caption"> 世情薄,人情恶,雨送黄昏花易落。 </div> </div> <div class="item"> <img src="img/banner_1.jpg" alt="..."> <div class="carousel-caption"> 晓风干,泪痕残,欲笺心情,独语斜阑, 难 难 难。 </div> </div> <div class="item"> <img src="img/banner_2.jpg" alt="..."> <div class="carousel-caption"> 人成各,今非昨。病魂常似秋千索。 </div> </div> </div> <!-- Controls --> <a class="left carousel-control" href="#carousel-example-generic" role="button" data-slide="prev"> <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-chevron-left" aria-hidden="true"></span> <span class="sr-only">Previous</span> </a> <a class="right carousel-control" href="#carousel-example-generic" role="button" data-slide="next"> <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-chevron-right" aria-hidden="true"></span> <span class="sr-only">Next</span> </a> </div> <!--</div>--> <!--</div>--> <!--</div>--> <script src="jquery-3.2.1.min.js"></script> <script src="bootstrap-3.3.7-dist/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script> </body> </html>
五、需要知道的几个插件网址
2、SweetAlert2 (弹出框):
1、找到自定义那一页
2、勾选我用到的组件
3、拉到最后面,点击下载
八、Bootstrap补充:
- modal
和模态框使用的
$("#myModal").modal("show")
- collapse :也是在JavaScript组件中去找,点击按钮有信息出来
- tooltip : 相当于提示信息,就像是一个按钮,指向按钮会有提示信息
tooltip示例
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"> <title>按钮提示</title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="bootstrap-3.3.7-dist/css/bootstrap.min.css"> </head> <body> <!-- HTML to write --> <button type="button" class="btn btn-primary" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="left" title="Tooltip on left">指向我</button> <button type="button" class="btn btn-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Tooltip on bottom">Tooltip on bottom</button> <button type="button" class="btn btn-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="right" title="Tooltip on right">Tooltip on right</button> <!-- Generated markup by the plugin --> <div class="tooltip top" role="tooltip"> <div class="tooltip-arrow"></div> <div class="tooltip-inner"> Some tooltip text! </div> </div> <script src="jquery-3.2.1.min.js"></script> <script src="bootstrap-3.3.7-dist/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script> <script> $('.btn').tooltip(); </script> </body> </html>