网络编程
网络编程
1.1、概述
1.2、网络信的要素
如何实现网络的通信
通信双方的地址:
- ip
- 端口
规则:网络通信的的协议
http TCP/IP
小结:
1.网络编程中有两个主要的问题
- 如何准确的定位到网络上的一台或者多台主机
- 找到主机之后如何进行通信
2.网络编程中的要素
- IP和端口号 IP
- 网络通信协议 UDP和TCP
3.万物皆对象
1.3、IP
IP地址:InetAddress
-
唯一定位一台网络上的计算机
-
127.0.0.1:本机localhost
-
ip地址的分类
-
IP地址分类
- ipv4/ipv6
- 四个字节 127.0.0.1 (localhost)
- ipv6 fe80::2d79:960:796f:7dc0%6 128位 8个无符号整数
- ipv4/ipv6
-
公网(互联网)-私网(局域网)
- 192.168.*.
-
域名:记忆IP问题
package com.kuang.lesson01;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;
//测试IP
public class TestInetAddress {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
//查询本机地址
InetAddress inetAddress1 = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
System.out.println(inetAddress1);
InetAddress inetAddress3 = InetAddress.getByName("localhost");
System.out.println(inetAddress3);
InetAddress inetAddress4 = InetAddress.getLocalHost();
System.out.println(inetAddress4);
//查询网站IP地址
InetAddress inetAddress2 = InetAddress.getByName("www.baidu.com");
System.out.println(inetAddress2);
//常用方法
System.out.println(inetAddress2.getAddress());
System.out.println(inetAddress2.getHostAddress());//IP
System.out.println(inetAddress2.getCanonicalHostName());//规范的名字
System.out.println(inetAddress2.getHostName());//域名
} catch (UnknownHostException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
1.4、端口
端口表示计算机上的一个程序的进程
- 不同的进程有不同的端口号!用来区别软件
- 被规定0~65535
- TCP,UDP
- 端口分类
- 公有端口:0~1023
- HTTPS:443
- FTP:21
- Telent:23
- HTTP:80
- 程序注册端口:1024~49151,分配用户或者程序
- Tomcat:8080
- MySQL:3306
- Oracle:1521
- 动态、私有:49152~65535
netstat -ano #查找所有的端口
netstat -ano|findstr "59000" #查找指定的端口
tasklist|findstr "8696" #查看指定端口的进程
package com.kuang.lesson01;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
public class TestInetSocketAddress {
public static void main(String[] args) {
InetSocketAddress inetSocketAddress1 = new InetSocketAddress("127.0.0.1",8080);
System.out.println(inetSocketAddress1);
InetSocketAddress inetSocketAddress2 = new InetSocketAddress("localhost",8080);
System.out.println(inetSocketAddress2);
System.out.println(inetSocketAddress1.getAddress());
System.out.println(inetSocketAddress1.getHostName());//地址
System.out.println(inetSocketAddress1.getPort());//端口
}
}
1.5、通信协议
协议:约定
网络通信协议:速率,传输码率,代码结构,传输控制.....
大事化小:分层
TCP/IP协议簇
重要:
- TCP:用户传输协议
- UDP:用户数据报协议
出名的协议
- TCP:
- IP:网络互连协议
TCP udp 对比
TCP:打电话
-
连接稳定
-
三次握手
四次挥手
最少需要三次,保持稳定连接 A:你愁啥? B:瞅你咋地? C:干一场! A:我要走了 B:我真的要走了 B:你真的真的要走了吗? A:我真的真的要走了!
-
客户端、服务端
-
传输完成,释放连接,效率低
UDP:发信息
- 不连接、不稳定
- 客户端、服务端:没有明确的界限
- 不管有没有准备好,都可以发给你
- 导弹
- DDOS:洪水攻击!(饱和攻击)
1.6、TCP
客户端
1.连接服务器Socket
2.发送消息
package com.kuang.lesson02;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
//客户端
public class TcpClientDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Socket socket = null;
OutputStream os = null;
try {
//1.要知道服务器的地址 端口号
InetAddress serverIP = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
int port = 9999;
//创建一个socket连接
socket = new Socket(serverIP,port);
//发送消息 IO流
os = socket.getOutputStream();
os.write("你好,欢迎学习狂神学java".getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8)) ;
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
if(os!=null){
try {
os.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if(socket!=null){
try {
socket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}
服务器
1.建立服务的端口 ServerSocket
2.等待用户的连接 accept
3.接受用的消息
package com.kuang.lesson02;
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
//服务端
public class TcpServerDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ServerSocket serverSocket = null;
Socket socket = null;
InputStream is = null;
ByteArrayOutputStream baos = null;
try {
//我得有一个地址
serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9999);
//等待客户端连接过来
while (true){
socket = serverSocket.accept();
//读取客户端的消息
is = socket.getInputStream();
//管道流
baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while((len=is.read(buffer))!=-1){
baos.write(buffer,0,len);//一直往管道外输出
}
System.out.println(baos.toString());
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
//关闭资源
if(baos!=null){
try {
baos.close();//后开先关
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if(is!=null){
try {
is.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if(socket!=null){
try {
socket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if(serverSocket!=null){
try {
serverSocket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}
文件上传
package com.kuang.lesson02;
import java.io.*;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
/**
* 客户端接收文件
*/
public class TcpServerDemo02 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//1.创建服务
ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9000);
//2.监听客户端的连接
Socket socket = serverSocket.accept();//阻塞式监听,会一直等待客户端连接
//3.获取输入流
InputStream is = socket.getInputStream();
//4.文件输出
FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(new File("receive.jpg"));
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len=is.read(buffer))!=-1){
fos.write(buffer,0,len);
}
//通知客户我接受完毕了
OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
os.write("我接受完毕了,你可以断开了".getBytes());
//关闭资源
os.close();
fos.close();
is.close();
socket.close();
serverSocket.close();
}
}
package com.kuang.lesson02;
import java.io.*;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;
public class TcpClientDemo02 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//创建一个Socket连接
Socket socket = new Socket(InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"), 9000);
//创建一个输出流
OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
//读取文件
FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(new File("peng.jpg"));
//写出文件
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len=fis.read(buffer))!=-1){
os.write(buffer,0,len);
}
//通知服务器,我已经传输完了
socket.shutdownOutput();
//确定服务器接受完毕,才能断开连接
InputStream is = socket.getInputStream();
ByteArrayOutputStream bos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
int len2;
byte[] buffer2 = new byte[10240];
while((len2=is.read(buffer2))!=-1){
bos.write(buffer2,0,len2);
}
System.out.println(bos.toString());
//关闭资源
bos.close();
is.close();
fis.close();
os.close();
socket.close();
}
}
Tomcat
服务端
- 自定义
- Tomcat服务器 S : Java后台开发
客户端
-
自定义
-
浏览器 B
1.7、UDP
发短信:不用连接,需要知道对方的地址!
发送端
package com.kuang.lesson03;
import com.sun.xml.internal.ws.api.model.wsdl.WSDLOutput;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.SocketException;
//不需要连接服务器
public class UdpClientDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//1.建立一个socket
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket();
//2.建个包
String mes = "你好呀! 服务器";
//发送给谁
InetAddress localhost = InetAddress.getByName("localhost");
int port = 9090;
//数据、数据的长度起始、发送的对象
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(mes.getBytes(),0,mes.getBytes().length,localhost,port);
//3.发个包
socket.send(packet);
//4.关闭流
socket.close();
}
}
接受端
package com.kuang.lesson03;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.SocketException;
//还是要等待客户端的连接
public class UdpServerDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//开放端口
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(9090);
//接受数据包
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(buffer, 0, buffer.length);
socket.receive(packet);//阻塞接受
System.out.println(packet.getAddress().getHostAddress());
System.out.println(new String(packet.getData(),0,packet.getLength()));
socket.close();
}
}
循环发送消息
package com.kuang.chat;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.net.SocketException;
public class UdpSenderDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(8888);
while (true){
//准备数据: 控制台读取 System.in
BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
String data = reader.readLine();
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(data.getBytes(),data.getBytes().length,new InetSocketAddress("localhost",6666));
socket.send(packet);
if(data.equals("bye")){//本地退出
break;
}
}
socket.close();
}
}
循环接收消息
package com.kuang.chat;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.SocketException;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class UDPReceiveDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(6666);
//BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
while(true){
//准备接受包裹
byte[] container = new byte[1024];//目前不管发送数据大小输出的都是1024字节
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(container,0,container.length);
socket.receive(packet);//阻塞式接收包裹
//断开连接 bye
byte[] data = packet.getData();
String receiveData = new String(data,0, data.length);
System.out.println(receiveData);
if(receiveData.equals("bye")){
break;
}
}
socket.close();
}
}
在线咨询:两个人都可以是发送方,也都可以是接受方
package com.kuang.chat;
public class TalkTeacher {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new Thread(new TalkSend(5555,"localhost",8888)).start();
new Thread(new TalkReceive(9999,"学生")).start();
}
}
package com.kuang.chat;
public class TalkStudent {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new Thread(new TalkSend(7777,"localhost",9999)).start();
new Thread(new TalkReceive(8888,"老师")).start();
}
}
//
// Source code recreated from a .class file by IntelliJ IDEA
// (powered by FernFlower decompiler)
//
package com.kuang.chat;
public class TalkStudent {
public TalkStudent() {
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
(new Thread(new TalkSend(7777, "localhost", 9999))).start();
(new Thread(new TalkReceive(8888, "老师"))).start();
}
}
//
// Source code recreated from a .class file by IntelliJ IDEA
// (powered by FernFlower decompiler)
//
package com.kuang.chat;
public class TalkTeacher {
public TalkTeacher() {
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
(new Thread(new TalkSend(5555, "localhost", 8888))).start();
(new Thread(new TalkReceive(9999, "学生"))).start();
}
}
1.8URL
统一资源定位符:定位资源,定位互联网上的某一个资源
DNS 域名解析 把域名变为IP
协议://IP地址(就是域名):端口/项目名/资源
下载网上资源
package com.kuang.lesson04;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.URL;
import java.net.URLConnection;
public class URLDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
//连接地址
URL url = new URL("https://s1.music.126.net/style/favicon.ico?v20180823");
//连接到这个资源http
HttpURLConnection urlConnection = (HttpURLConnection)url.openConnection();
InputStream inputStream = urlConnection.getInputStream();
FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream("new.ico");
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len=inputStream.read(buffer))!=-1){
fos.write(buffer,0,len);
}
fos.close();
inputStream.close();
urlConnection.disconnect();//断开连接
}
}