DRF框架serializer之主从表字段数据关联
众所周知,前面我们所有的序列化操作只涉及到一张表,而且是主表,那么在序列化的时候从表怎么展示主表的一些信息呢?主表又怎么展示从表信息呢?
一、从表展示主表信息
1.PrimaryKeyRelatedField返回主表的主键值
from .models import Interfaces from projects.models import Projects from rest_framework import serializers class InterfaceModelSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer): projects = serializers.PrimaryKeyRelatedField(help_text='tb_projects外键', label='Tb_projects外键', queryset=Projects.objects.all()) class Meta: model = Interfaces fields = '__all__'
验证结果:
2.StringRelatedField返回主表对应对象的__str__方法的结果
- 注意:只用于获取数据
from .models import Interfaces from projects.models import Projects from rest_framework import serializers class InterfaceModelSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer): projects = serializers.StringRelatedField() class Meta: model = Interfaces fields = '__all__'
验证结果:
3.SlugRelatedField返回主表的某一个字段的值
- 注意:只用于获取数据
- slug_field定义需要返回的字段数据
from .models import Interfaces from projects.models import Projects from rest_framework import serializers class InterfaceModelSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer): projects = serializers.SlugRelatedField(slug_field='name', read_only=True) class Meta: model = Interfaces fields = '__all__'
验证结果:
4.展示主表的详细信息
直接在从表的序列化器类中定义一个主表的序列化器类,因为外键字段类和序列化器类最终都继承了rest_framework.fields.Field的父类,因此可以将序列化器类创建为一个字段的对象,我们可以看看继承关系图
from .models import Interfaces from projects.models import Projects from rest_framework import serializers from projects.serializers import ProjectsModelSerializer class InterfaceModelSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer): projects = ProjectsModelSerializer(label='所属项目信息', help_text='所属项目信息', read_only=True) class Meta: model = Interfaces fields = '__all__'
一、主表展示从表信息
1.关联设置
- 直接在主表的序列化对象中创建从表的序列化器类的对象,并赋值给字段名为“从表模型类名小写_set”的字段名称
- 将“从表模型类名小写_set”的字符名添加到Meta子类的fields属性中
from rest_framework import serializers from rest_framework import validators from .models import Projects from interfaces.serializers import InterfaceModelSerializer def name_is_not_contain_x(value): if 'X' in value.upper(): raise serializers.ValidationError("项目名字段name不能包含x的大小写字符") class ProjectsModelSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer): email = serializers.EmailField(read_only=True, allow_blank=True, allow_null=True) interfaces_set = InterfaceModelSerializer(label='所拥有的从表数据信息', many=True) class Meta: model = Projects fields = ('id', 'name', 'leader', 'programmer', 'tester', 'create_time', 'update_time', 'email', 'interfaces_set') extra_kwargs = { 'name': { 'max_length': 50, 'validators': [validators.UniqueValidator(queryset=Projects.objects.all(), message="项目名字段name必须唯一"), name_is_not_contain_x] }, 'tester': { 'max_length': 200 } }
验证结果:
除了这种方法,也可以使用以下设置
- PrimaryKeyRelatedField
- StringRelatedField # 展示的结果有多条时,设置many=True
- SlugRelatedField
2.修改外键字段名称
- 在从表的模型类对象中,给定义的外键添加一个属性:related_name
from django.db import models class Interfaces(models.Model): projects = models.ForeignKey(to='projects.Projects', on_delete=models.CASCADE, verbose_name='tb_projects外键', help_text='tb_projects外键', related_name='interfaces') name = models.CharField(verbose_name='接口名称', max_length=200, unique=True, help_text='接口名称') tester = models.CharField(verbose_name='测试人员', max_length=50, help_text='测试人员') desc = models.CharField(verbose_name='简要描述', max_length=200, null=True, blank=True, default='', help_text='简要描述') class Meta: db_table = 'tb_interfaces' verbose_name = '接口信息' verbose_name_plural = verbose_name
- 在主表的序列化器类中,将外键字段名称“从表模型类名小写_set”更改为related_name属性的值
- 删除以“_set”结尾的外键字段名称,将修改过的外键字段名称添加到Meta子类的fields属性中
from rest_framework import serializers from rest_framework import validators from .models import Projects from interfaces.serializers import InterfaceModelSerializer def name_is_not_contain_x(value): if 'X' in value.upper(): raise serializers.ValidationError("项目名字段name不能包含x的大小写字符") class ProjectsModelSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer): email = serializers.EmailField(read_only=True, allow_blank=True, allow_null=True) interfaces = InterfaceModelSerializer(label='所拥有的从表数据信息', many=True) class Meta: model = Projects fields = ('id', 'name', 'leader', 'programmer', 'tester', 'create_time', 'update_time', 'email', 'interfaces') extra_kwargs = { 'name': { 'max_length': 50, 'validators': [validators.UniqueValidator(queryset=Projects.objects.all(), message="项目名字段name必须唯一"), name_is_not_contain_x] }, 'tester': { 'max_length': 200 } }
验证结果:
作者:小公瑾
-------------------------------------------
个性签名:不忘初心,方得始终!
如果觉得这篇文章对你有小小的帮助的话,记得在右下角点个“推荐”哦,博主在此感谢!