1-15-2-RAID10 企业级RAID磁盘阵列的搭建（RAID1、RAID5、RAID10）
RAID10的搭建：
有两种方法，
第一种：直接使用四块磁盘，创建级别为10的磁盘阵列
第二种：使用四块磁盘先创建两个RAID1，然后在用RAID1创建RAID0
第一步：添加五个磁盘到虚拟机
开机后，查看一下
第二步：分别对五个磁盘进行分区，结果如下图：
步骤如下：
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Device does not contain a recognized partition table
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x0dc78fe4.
Command (m for help): n #创建磁盘分区，前三步，分区类型、分区编号、分区开始结点使用默认，直接回车
Partition type:
p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
e extended
Select (default p):
Using default response p
Partition number (1-4, default 1):
First sector (2048-41943039, default 2048):
Using default value 2048
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-41943039, default 41943039): +4G #这里我只给了4G，这个大小随意
Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 4 GiB is set
Command (m for help): t #转换磁盘分区标识类型
Selected partition 1
Hex code (type L to list all codes): fd #指定标识类型为RAID
Changed type of partition 'Linux' to 'Linux raid autodetect'
Command (m for help): p #查看分区表，检查转换结果
Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x2b819b67
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 2048 8390655 4194304 fd Linux raid autodetect
Command (m for help): w #保存退出
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
创建一个快照（留作返回，以供第二种方法使用）
第三步：使用第一种方法创建磁盘阵列RAID10
1、检查磁盘是否已被其他RAID使用
[root@localhost ~]# mdadm -E /dev/sd[b-f]1
2、创建RAID10
[root@localhost ~]# mdadm -Cv /dev/md10 -l 10 -n 4 -x 1 /dev/sd[b-f]1
3、查看RAID状态信息
[root@localhost ~]#cat /proc/mdstat
[root@localhost ~]#mdadm –E /dev/md10
可以看出 sdb1和sdd1组成raid1，sdc1和sde1组成raid1，sdf1为热备盘
4、保存RAID配置信息
mdadm –Dvs #查看配置信息
madmd –Dvs >> /etc/mdadm.conf #保存配置信息到配置文件
5、格式化分区，并挂载
mkfs.xfs /dev/md10 #将md10格式化为xfs文件系统
mount /dev/md10 /disk #将磁盘挂载
df –h | tail –1 #检查磁盘大小和挂载状态
4个4G的磁盘组成10阵列，大小应该是4*4G*50%=8G
6、设置开机自动挂载
echo “/dev/md10 /disk xfs defaults 0 0” >> /etc/fstab #设置开机自动挂载
tail –1 !$ #检查设置
umount /disk #卸载磁盘，模拟关机
mount –av #挂载，模拟开机，并查看挂载信息
第四步：快照返回，并使用第二种方法创建RAID10
1、恢复快照
2、创建两个RAID1
3、使用RAID1创建RAID0
4、格式化并挂载
方法见第三步！
5、设置开机自动挂载
方法见第三步！
详情如下：
[root@localhost ~]# mdadm -E /dev/sd[b-f]1 #检查磁盘是否被其他raid占用
mdadm: No md superblock detected on /dev/sdb1.
mdadm: No md superblock detected on /dev/sdc1.
mdadm: No md superblock detected on /dev/sdd1.
mdadm: No md superblock detected on /dev/sde1.
mdadm: No md superblock detected on /dev/sdf1.
[root@localhost ~]# mdadm -Cv /dev/md11 -l 1 -n 2 /dev/sd[b-c]1 #创建第一个raid1
mdadm: Note: this array has metadata at the start and
may not be suitable as a boot device. If you plan to
store '/boot' on this device please ensure that
your boot-loader understands md/v1.x metadata, or use
--metadata=0.90
mdadm: size set to 4190208K
Continue creating array? y
mdadm: Defaulting to version 1.2 metadata
mdadm: array /dev/md11 started.
[root@localhost ~]# mdadm -Cv /dev/md12 -l 1 -n 2 /dev/sd[d-e]1 #创建第二个raid1
mdadm: Note: this array has metadata at the start and
may not be suitable as a boot device. If you plan to
store '/boot' on this device please ensure that
your boot-loader understands md/v1.x metadata, or use
--metadata=0.90
mdadm: size set to 4190208K
Continue creating array? y
mdadm: Defaulting to version 1.2 metadata
mdadm: array /dev/md12 started.
[root@localhost ~]# mdadm -Cv /dev/md10 -l 0 -n 2 /dev/md11 /dev/md12 #使用raid1 创建RAID0
mdadm: chunk size defaults to 512K
mdadm: Defaulting to version 1.2 metadata
mdadm: array /dev/md10 started.
[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [raid1] [raid0] #可以看出，md10就是raid10阵列
md10 : active raid0 md12[1] md11[0]
8376320 blocks super 1.2 512k chunks
md12 : active raid1 sde1[1] sdd1[0]
4190208 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU]
md11 : active raid1 sdc1[1] sdb1[0]
4190208 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU]
unused devices: <none>
[root@localhost ~]# mdadm -D /dev/md10
/dev/md10:
Version : 1.2
Creation Time : Sun Aug 21 09:58:28 2016
Raid Level : raid0
Array Size : 8376320 (7.99 GiB 8.58 GB)
Raid Devices : 2
Total Devices : 2
Persistence : Superblock is persistent
Update Time : Sun Aug 21 09:58:28 2016
State : clean
Active Devices : 2
Working Devices : 2
Failed Devices : 0
Spare Devices : 0
Chunk Size : 512K
Name : localhost.localdomain:10 (local to host localhost.localdomain)
UUID : 1fb05d6a:1ca9303a:31aed030:464e978b
Events : 0
Number Major Minor RaidDevice State
0 9 11 0 active sync /dev/md11
1 9 12 1 active sync /dev/md12
[root@localhost ~]# mdadm -D /dev/md11
/dev/md11:
Version : 1.2
Creation Time : Sun Aug 21 09:57:02 2016
Raid Level : raid1
Array Size : 4190208 (4.00 GiB 4.29 GB)
Used Dev Size : 4190208 (4.00 GiB 4.29 GB)
Raid Devices : 2
Total Devices : 2
Persistence : Superblock is persistent
Update Time : Sun Aug 21 09:58:30 2016
State : active
Active Devices : 2
Working Devices : 2
Failed Devices : 0
Spare Devices : 0
Name : localhost.localdomain:11 (local to host localhost.localdomain)
UUID : 1c1c0749:e0b4153a:355a422d:27a889cd
Events : 18
Number Major Minor RaidDevice State
0 8 17 0 active sync /dev/sdb1
1 8 33 1 active sync /dev/sdc1
[root@localhost ~]# mdadm -D /dev/md12
/dev/md12:
Version : 1.2
Creation Time : Sun Aug 21 09:57:25 2016
Raid Level : raid1
Array Size : 4190208 (4.00 GiB 4.29 GB)
Used Dev Size : 4190208 (4.00 GiB 4.29 GB)
Raid Devices : 2
Total Devices : 2
Persistence : Superblock is persistent
Update Time : Sun Aug 21 09:58:51 2016
State : active
Active Devices : 2
Working Devices : 2
Failed Devices : 0
Spare Devices : 0
Name : localhost.localdomain:12 (local to host localhost.localdomain)
UUID : df176655:f9735e6a:79e4b2c8:25fa8df9
Events : 18
Number Major Minor RaidDevice State
0 8 49 0 active sync /dev/sdd1
1 8 65 1 active sync /dev/sde1
[root@localhost ~]# mdadm -Dvs >> /etc/mdadm.conf #生成配置信息，一般只要有调整就要修改一下配置信息
