nmcli是NetWorkManager软件名的缩写，也是该软件下的一个命令，专门用于管理Linux服务器的网络配置。
在Centos7中已经出现该命令，在Centos8中，官方放弃了network服务，主推Nmcli服务，以下是Nmcli的用法介绍。
查看NetworkManager服务的状态，Linux服务器向我们传递了两个信息：该服务默认开机自启动，默认在激活
[root@x160 ~]# systemctl status NetworkManager
● NetworkManager.service - Network Manager
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/NetworkManager.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
Active: active (running) since Fri 2020-07-24 16:19:26 CST; 12min ago
Docs: man:NetworkManager(8)
Main PID: 766 (NetworkManager)
Tasks: 4
Memory: 10.6M
CGroup: /system.slice/NetworkManager.service
├─ 766 /usr/sbin/NetworkManager --no-daemon
└─2087 /sbin/dhclient -d -q -sf /usr/libexec/nm-dhcp-helper -pf /var/...
Jul 24 16:27:42 x160 NetworkManager[766]: <info> [1595579262.7514] dhcp4 (ens....1
Jul 24 16:27:42 x160 NetworkManager[766]: <info> [1595579262.7514] dhcp4 (ens...00
Jul 24 16:27:42 x160 NetworkManager[766]: <info> [1595579262.7514] dhcp4 (ens...1'
Jul 24 16:27:42 x160 NetworkManager[766]: <info> [1595579262.7514] dhcp4 (ens...1'
Jul 24 16:27:42 x160 NetworkManager[766]: <info> [1595579262.7514] dhcp4 (ens...nd
Jul 24 16:27:42 x160 NetworkManager[766]: <info> [1595579262.7521] device (en...')
Jul 24 16:27:42 x160 NetworkManager[766]: <info> [1595579262.7524] device (en...')
Jul 24 16:27:42 x160 NetworkManager[766]: <info> [1595579262.7525] device (en...')
Jul 24 16:27:42 x160 NetworkManager[766]: <info> [1595579262.7570] device (en...d.
#查看设备状态 [root@x160 ~]# nmcli device status DEVICE TYPE STATE CONNECTION ens33 ethernet connected ens33 virbr0 bridge connected virbr0 docker0 bridge unmanaged -- lo loopback unmanaged -- virbr0-nic tun unmanaged -- #查看网卡连接状态 [root@x160 ~]# nmcli connection show NAME UUID TYPE DEVICE ens33 c96bc909-188e-ec64-3a96-6a90982b08ad ethernet ens33 virbr0 d4be0d7e-3c2f-4559-94bb-a4b7f41b7ba2 bridge virbr0 ens33 52dbb266-a3c8-ddb4-c843-d63dde6075d5 ethernet --
#显示所有连接 [root@x160 ~]# nmcli connection NAME UUID TYPE DEVICE ens33 c96bc909-188e-ec64-3a96-6a90982b08ad ethernet ens33 Wired connection 1 0e9ad4c8-9abb-3d79-96b8-9451abf64bc0 ethernet ens36 virbr0 29ef4522-ef5e-4450-b47c-3e1cdda2f61f bridge virbr0 ens33 52dbb266-a3c8-ddb4-c843-d63dde6075d5 ethernet -- eth1 226b86d6-2ad1-4155-bae3-37344e4cdd5f ethernet -- #这条命令将 NetworkManager 的所有状态都打印出来 [root@x160 ~]# nmcli general status STATE CONNECTIVITY WIFI-HW WIFI WWAN-HW WWAN connected full enabled enabled enabled enabled [root@x160 ~]#
#仅显示当前活动的连接 [root@x160 ~]# nmcli connection show -active NAME UUID TYPE DEVICE ens33 c96bc909-188e-ec64-3a96-6a90982b08ad ethernet ens33 Wired connection 1 0e9ad4c8-9abb-3d79-96b8-9451abf64bc0 ethernet ens36 virbr0 29ef4522-ef5e-4450-b47c-3e1cdda2f61f bridge virbr0 [root@x160 ~]# #列出 NetworkManager 识别出的设备列表及他们的状态 [root@x160 ~]# nmcli device status DEVICE TYPE STATE CONNECTION ens33 ethernet connected ens33 ens36 ethernet connected Wired connection 1 virbr0 bridge connected virbr0 docker0 bridge unmanaged -- lo loopback unmanaged -- virbr0-nic tun unmanaged -- [root@x160 ~]#
#停止某个接口 [root@x160 ~]# nmcli device disconnect ens36 Device 'ens36' successfully disconnected. #启动接口 [root@x160 ~]# nmcli device connect ens36 Device 'ens36' successfully activated with '0e9ad4c8-9abb-3d79-96b8-9451abf64bc0'.
device叫网络接口，是物理设备；connection是连接，偏重于逻辑设置。
多个connection可以应用到同一个device，但同一时间只能启用其中一个connection。这样的好处是针对一个网络接口，我们可以设置多个网络连接，比如静态IP和动态IP，再根据需要up相应connection
修改IP地址等属性：
# nmcli connection modify IFACE [+|-]setting.propertyvalue
修改配置文件执行生效：systemctl restart network 或 nmcli con reload
nmcli命令生效：nmclicon down eth0 ; nmclicon up eth0
个人实践
centos7与之前的操作系统不同之处，
一、centos7的网络管理方式使用NetworkManager工具，传统方式是network服务；
二、centos7网卡的命名规则使用en开头，ens代表热插拔网卡类型，enp代表pci接口的网卡类型，eno代表on-board板载网卡类型；
NetworkManager网络管理2个重要知识点：
device 设备
connection 网络
设备即网络接口，连接是对网络接口的配置。一个网络接口可有多个连接配置，但同时只有一个连接配置生效。
NetworkManager(动态网络管理工具)提供的工具：
nmcli nm-command-line 命令行管理工具
nmtui nm-text-user-interface 文本管理工具
nm-connect-editor 图形化管理工具
[root@x112 ~]# nmcli device DEVICE TYPE STATE CONNECTION eth0 ethernet connected eth0 lo loopback unmanaged -- [root@x112 ~]# nmcli connection NAME UUID TYPE DEVICE eth0 5fb06bd0-0bb0-7ffb-45f1-d6edd65f3e03 802-3-ethernet eth0 [root@x112 ~]# nmcli connection add con-name eth2 ifname eth0 autoconnect yes ipv4.addresses 192.168.0.110/24 gw4 192.168.0.1 type ethernet Connection 'eth2' (4634ec80-1f55-43b4-9f7a-32296c517e8c) successfully added. [root@x112 ~]# nmcli connection NAME UUID TYPE DEVICE eth0 5fb06bd0-0bb0-7ffb-45f1-d6edd65f3e03 802-3-ethernet eth0 eth2 4634ec80-1f55-43b4-9f7a-32296c517e8c 802-3-ethernet --
激活连接 [root@x112 ~]# nmcli connection up eth2 [root@x112 ~]# nmcli connection NAME UUID TYPE DEVICE eth2 4634ec80-1f55-43b4-9f7a-32296c517e8c 802-3-ethernet eth0 eth0 5fb06bd0-0bb0-7ffb-45f1-d6edd65f3e03 802-3-ethernet -- [root@x112 ~]# ip a 1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN qlen 1 link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 ::1/128 scope host valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:4b:06:6b brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 192.168.0.101/24 brd 192.168.0.255 scope global dynamic eth0 valid_lft 7085sec preferred_lft 7085sec inet 192.168.0.110/24 brd 192.168.0.255 scope global secondary eth0 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 fe80::10b9:f353:3cd:f91/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever [root@x112 ~]# cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth2 TYPE=Ethernet PROXY_METHOD=none BROWSER_ONLY=no BOOTPROTO=dhcp IPADDR=192.168.0.110 PREFIX=24 GATEWAY=192.168.0.1 DEFROUTE=yes IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=no IPV6INIT=yes IPV6_AUTOCONF=yes IPV6_DEFROUTE=yes IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL=no IPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE=stable-privacy NAME=eth2 DEVICE=eth0 ONBOOT=yes [root@x112 ~]# cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 DEVICE=eth0 BOOTPROTO=none IPADDR=192.168.0.112 PREFIX=24 BROADCAST=192.168.0.255 DNS1=8.8.8.8 GATEWAY=192.168.0.1 ONBOOT=yes NAME=eth0 修改配置文件执行生效，运行nmcli connection reload;然后运行nmcli connection down eth0;nmcli connection up eth0 [root@x112 ~]# vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth2 [root@x112 ~]# nmcli connection reload [root@x112 ~]# nmcli connection down eth2;nmcli connection up eth2 Connection 'eth2' successfully deactivated (D-Bus active path: /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/2) Connection successfully activated (D-Bus active path: /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/4) [root@x112 ~]# ip a 1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN qlen 1 link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 ::1/128 scope host valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:4b:06:6b brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 192.168.0.110/24 brd 192.168.0.255 scope global eth0 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 fe80::10b9:f353:3cd:f91/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever [root@x112 ~]# nmcli connection NAME UUID TYPE DEVICE eth2 4634ec80-1f55-43b4-9f7a-32296c517e8c 802-3-ethernet eth0 eth0 5fb06bd0-0bb0-7ffb-45f1-d6edd65f3e03 802-3-ethernet --
#设置网卡开机或重启服务自动连接 [root@centos17 ~]# nmcli connection modify ens33 autoconnect yes [root@centos17 ~]# service network restart #设置网卡开机或重启服务后不连接 [root@centos17 ~]# nmcli connection modify ens33 autoconnect no [root@centos17 ~]# service network restart
#单独修改网卡连接信息 [root@centos17 ~]# nmcli connection add con-name ens33 ifname ens33 type ethernet Connection 'default' (2a85a48e-5328-41bd-9d3d-5e1509f8a68b) successfully added. [root@centos17 ~]# nmcli connection modify ens33 ipv4.addresses 192.168.0.105/24 [root@centos17 ~]# nmcli connection modify ens33 ipv4.dns 192.168.0.1 [root@centos17 ~]# nmcli connection modify ens33 ipv4.gateway 192.168.0.1 [root@centos17 ~]# nmcli connection modify ens33 ipv4.method manual [root@centos17 ~]#
为了方便操作，一般都需要安装命令补全功能软件，方便使用tab补全命令 [root@x112 ~]#yum -y install bash-com* bash-completion-2.1-8.el7.noarch [root@x112 ~]#
