C++ string与数值的转换
一、基于C++11标准
头文件:#include <string>
函数:
1.1 数值转string
to_string(val):可以将其他类型转换为string。
1.2 string转数值
stoi(s, p, b):string转int
stol(s, p, b):string转long
stod(s, p, b):string转double
stof(s, p, b):string转float
stold(s, p, b):string转long dluble
stoul(s, p, b), stoll(s, p, b), stoull(s, p, b)等。
备注:返回s的起始子串(表示整数内容的字符串)的数值;b表示转换所用的基数,默认为10(表示十进制);p是size_t的指针,用来保存s中第一个非数值字符的下标,p默认为0,即函数不返回下标。
1 void testTypeConvert() 2 { 3 //int --> string 4 int i = 5; 5 string s = to_string(i); 6 cout << s << endl; 7 //double --> string 8 double d = 3.14; 9 cout << to_string(d) << endl; 10 //long --> string 11 long l = 123234567; 12 cout << to_string(l) << endl; 13 //char --> string 14 char c = 'a'; 15 cout << to_string(c) << endl; //自动转换成int类型的参数 16 //char --> string 17 string cStr; cStr += c; 18 cout << cStr << endl; 19 20 21 s = "123.257"; 22 //string --> int; 23 cout << stoi(s) << endl; 24 //string --> long 25 cout << stol(s) << endl; 26 //string --> float 27 cout << stof(s) << endl; 28 //string --> doubel 29 cout << stod(s) << endl; 30 }
二、C++11之前的版本
C++11标准之前没有提供相应的方法可以调用,就得自己写转换方法了,代码如下:
从其它类型转换为string,定义一个模板类的方法。
从string转换为其它类型,定义多个重载函数。
1 #include <strstream> 2 template<class T> 3 string convertToString(const T val) 4 { 5 string s; 6 std::strstream ss; 7 ss << val; 8 ss >> s; 9 return s; 10 } 11 12 13 int convertStringToInt(const string &s) 14 { 15 int val; 16 std::strstream ss; 17 ss << s; 18 ss >> val; 19 return val; 20 } 21 22 double convertStringToDouble(const string &s) 23 { 24 double val; 25 std::strstream ss; 26 ss << s; 27 ss >> val; 28 return val; 29 } 30 31 long convertStringToLong(const string &s) 32 { 33 long val; 34 std::strstream ss; 35 ss << s; 36 ss >> val; 37 return val; 38 } 39 40 void testConvert() 41 { 42 //convert other type to string 43 cout << "convert other type to string:" << endl; 44 string s = convertToString(44.5); 45 cout << s << endl; 46 int ii = 125; 47 cout << convertToString(ii) << endl; 48 double dd = 3.1415926; 49 cout << convertToString(dd) << endl; 50 51 //convert from string to other type 52 cout << "convert from string to other type:" << endl; 53 int i = convertStringToInt("12.5"); 54 cout << i << endl; 55 double d = convertStringToDouble("12.5"); 56 cout << d << endl; 57 long l = convertStringToLong("1234567"); 58 cout << l << endl; 59 }