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作者：liang墨竹
来源：CSDN
原文：https://blog.csdn.net/oschina_41140683/article/details/81510709
版权声明：本文为博主原创文章，转载请附上博文链接！
hostnamectl set-hostname oracle
1、配置yum源：
cd /etc
mv yum.repos.d yum.repos.d.bak
mkdir yum.repos.d
wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
yum clean all
yum makecache
2、安装依赖包：
yum -y install binutils \
compat-libstdc++-33 \
elfutils-libelf \
elfutils-libelf-devel \
expat \
gcc \
gcc-c++ \
glibc \
glibc-common \
glibc-devel \
glibc-headers \
libaio \
libaio-devel \
libgcc \
libstdc++ \
libstdc++-devel \
make \
pdksh \
sysstat \
unixODBC \
unixODBC-devel
3、检查依赖是否安装完整：
rpm -q \
binutils \
compat-libstdc++-33 \
elfutils-libelf \
elfutils-libelf-devel \
expat \
gcc \
gcc-c++ \
glibc \
glibc-common \
glibc-devel \
glibc-headers \
libaio \
libaio-devel \
libgcc \
libstdc++ \
libstdc++-devel \
make \
pdksh \
sysstat \
unixODBC \
unixODBC-devel | grep "not installed"
通过yum install pdksh -y 安装缺少 package ；直接下载rpm进行安装
wget -O /tmp/pdksh-5.2.14-37.el5_8.1.x86_64.rpm http://vault.centos.org/5.11/os/x86_64/CentOS/pdksh-5.2.14-37.el5_8.1.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh pdksh-5.2.14-37.el5_8.1.x86_64.rpm
再次检查依赖包是否安装完整:
rpm -q \
binutils \
compat-libstdc++-33 \
elfutils-libelf \
elfutils-libelf-devel \
expat \
gcc \
gcc-c++ \
glibc \
glibc-common \
glibc-devel \
glibc-headers \
libaio \
libaio-devel \
libgcc \
libstdc++ \
libstdc++-devel \
make \
pdksh \
sysstat \
unixODBC \
unixODBC-devel | grep "not installed"
4、添加oracle用户组和用户：
groupadd oinstall
groupadd dba
groupadd asmadmin
groupadd asmdba
useradd -g oinstall -G dba,asmdba oracle -d /home/oracle
5、添加完成后，查看oracle用户：
id oracle
6、初始化oracle用户的密码：
passwd oracle
配置hostname（本机IP映射）
vim /etc/hosts
192.168.199.110 oracle
# 测试hostname
ping -c 3 oracle
优化OS内核参数
# kernel.shmmax 参数设置为物理内存的一半
vim /etc/sysctl.conf
fs.aio-max-nr=1048576
fs.file-max=6815744
kernel.shmall=2097152
kernel.shmmni=4096
kernel.shmmax = 536870912
kernel.sem=250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range=9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default=262144
net.core.rmem_max=4194304
net.core.wmem_default=262144
net.core.wmem_max=1048586
使参数生效:
sysctl -p
限制oracle用户的shell权限:
vim /etc/security/limits.conf
#在末尾添加
oracle soft nproc 2047
oracle hard nproc 16384
oracle soft nofile 1024
oracle hard nofile 65536
oracle soft stack 10240
oracle hard stack 10240
vim /etc/pam.d/login
session required /lib64/security/pam_limits.so
session required pam_limits.so
vim /etc/profile
if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then
if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
ulimit -p 16384
ulimit -n 65536
else
ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
fi
fi
--------------------------------------------------------
使之生效：
source /etc/profile
============================================================================20190511
创建oracle安装目录:
mkdir -p /db/app/oracle/product/11.2.0
mkdir /db/app/oracle/oradata
mkdir /db/app/oracle/inventory
mkdir /db/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area
chown -R oracle:oinstall /db/app/oracle
chmod -R 775 /db/app/oracle
配置oracle用户环境变量:
su - oracle ## oracle用户登陆
vim .bash_profile
export ORACLE_HOSTNAME=oracle
export ORACLE_BASE=/db/app/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/
export ORACLE_SID=ORCL
export PATH=.:$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/OPatch:$ORACLE_HOME/jdk/bin:$PATH
export LC_ALL="en_US"
export LANG="en_US"
export NLS_LANG="AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK"
export NLS_DATE_FORMAT="YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS"
## 以上配置完成后，建议重启系统
reboot
解压oracle压缩文件到 /db：
cd /db/
unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip -d /db
unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip -d /db
解压完成后
mkdir /home/oracle/etc/
cp /db/database/response/* /home/oracle/etc/
vim /home/oracle/etc/db_install.rsp
oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY
DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true
UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall
INVENTORY_LOCATION=/db/app/oracle/inventory
SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en,zh_CN
ORACLE_HOSTNAME=oracle
ORACLE_HOME=/db/app/oracle/product/11.2.0
ORACLE_BASE=/db/app/oracle
oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE
oracle.install.db.isCustomInstall=true
oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=dba
oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=dba
开始安装：
su - oracle
./runInstaller -silent -ignorePrereq -responseFile /home/oracle/etc/db_install.rsp
## 安装期间可以使用tail命令监看oracle的安装日志
tail -f /db/app/oracle/inventory/logs/installActions2018-08-11_12-48-29PM.log
安装完成，提示Successfully Setup Software.
使用root用户执行脚本:
su - root
/db/app/oracle/inventory/orainstRoot.sh
/db/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/root.sh
增加或修改oracle的环境变量:
su - oracle
vim ~/.bash_profile
#for oracle
export ORACLE_BASE=/db/app/oracle
export ORACLE_SID=orcl
export ROACLE_PID=ora11g
#export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.AL32UTF8
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/usr/lib
export ORACLE_HOME=/db/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1
export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin
export LANG="zh_CN.UTF-8"
export NLS_LANG="SIMPLIFIED CHINESE_CHINA.AL32UTF8"
export NLS_DATE_FORMAT='yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss'
配置监听程序:
[oracle@oracle ~]$ netca /silent /responsefile /home/oracle/etc/netca.rsp
Parsing command line arguments:
Parameter "silent" = true
Parameter "responsefile" = /home/oracle/etc/netca.rsp
Done parsing command line arguments.
Oracle Net Services Configuration:
Profile configuration complete.
Oracle Net Listener Startup:
Running Listener Control:
/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin/lsnrctl start LISTENER
Listener Control complete.
Listener started successfully.
Listener configuration complete.
Oracle Net Services configuration successful. The exit code is 0
启动监控程序:
[oracle@oracle ~]$ lsnrctl start
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 01-SEP-2016 11:23:31
Copyright (c) 1991, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Starting /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin/tnslsnr: please wait...
TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
System parameter file is /db/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Log messages written to /db/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/docker/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=docker)(PORT=1521)))
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias LISTENER
Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
Start Date 01-SEP-2016 11:23:31
Uptime 0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 0 sec
Trace Level off
Security ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP OFF
Listener Parameter File /db/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File /db/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/docker/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=docker)(PORT=1521)))
The listener supports no services
The command completed successfully
静默dbca建库
编辑应答文件:
[oracle@oracle ~]$ vi /etc/dbca.rsp
[GENERAL]
RESPONSEFILE_VERSION = "11.2.0"
OPERATION_TYPE = "createDatabase"
[CREATEDATABASE]
GDBNAME = "orcl"
SID = "orcl"
TEMPLATENAME = "General_Purpose.dbc"
CHARACTERSET = "AL32UTF8"
建库:
[oracle@oracle ~]$ dbca -silent -responseFile etc/dbca.rsp
Enter SYS user password: oracle
Enter SYSTEM user password: oracle
Copying database files
1% complete
3% complete
11% complete
18% complete
26% complete
37% complete
Creating and starting Oracle instance
40% complete
45% complete
50% complete
55% complete
56% complete
57% complete
60% complete
62% complete
Completing Database Creation
66% complete
70% complete
73% complete
74% complete
85% complete
96% complete
100% complete
Look at the log file Look at the log file "/db/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/orcl11g/orcl11g.log" for further details.
查看输出日志:
[oracle@oracle ~]$ cat /db/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/orcl11g/orcl11g.log
Copying database files
DBCA_PROGRESS : 1%
DBCA_PROGRESS : 3%
DBCA_PROGRESS : 11%
DBCA_PROGRESS : 18%
DBCA_PROGRESS : 26%
DBCA_PROGRESS : 37%
Creating and starting Oracle instance
DBCA_PROGRESS : 40%
DBCA_PROGRESS : 45%
DBCA_PROGRESS : 50%
DBCA_PROGRESS : 55%
DBCA_PROGRESS : 56%
DBCA_PROGRESS : 60%
DBCA_PROGRESS : 62%
Completing Database Creation
DBCA_PROGRESS : 66%
DBCA_PROGRESS : 70%
DBCA_PROGRESS : 73%
DBCA_PROGRESS : 85%
DBCA_PROGRESS : 96%
DBCA_PROGRESS : 100%
Database creation complete. For details check the logfiles at:
/db/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/orcl11g.
Database Information:
Global Database Name:orcl11g.us.oracle.com
System Identifier(SID):orcl
至此完成数据库实例的创建。
删除实例：
[oracle@oracle ~]$ dbca -silent -deleteDatabase -sourcedb orcl
设置Oracle开机启动
vi /db/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/bin/dbstart
ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=$ORACLE_HOME
vi /db/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/bin/dbshut
ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=$ORACLE_HOME
vi /etc/oratab
orcl:/db/app/oracle/product/11.2.0:Y
vi /etc/rc.d/init.d/oracle
#! /bin/bash
# oracle: Start/Stop Oracle Database 11g R2
#
# chkconfig: 345 90 10
# description: The Oracle Database is an Object-Relational Database Management System.
#
# processname: oracle
. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions
LOCKFILE=/var/lock/subsys/oracle
ORACLE_HOME=/db/app/oracle/product/11.2.0
ORACLE_USER=oracle
case "$1" in
'start')
if [ -f $LOCKFILE ]; then
echo $0 already running.
exit 1
fi
echo -n $"Starting Oracle Database:"
su - $ORACLE_USER -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/lsnrctl start"
su - $ORACLE_USER -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbstart $ORACLE_HOME"
su - $ORACLE_USER -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/emctl start dbconsole"
touch $LOCKFILE
;;
'stop')
if [ ! -f $LOCKFILE ]; then
echo $0 already stopping.
exit 1
fi
echo -n $"Stopping Oracle Database:"
su - $ORACLE_USER -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/lsnrctl stop"
su - $ORACLE_USER -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbshut"
su - $ORACLE_USER -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/emctl stop dbconsole"
rm -f $LOCKFILE
;;
'restart')
$0 stop
$0 start
;;
'status')
if [ -f $LOCKFILE ]; then
echo $0 started.
else
echo $0 stopped.
fi
;;
*)
echo "Usage: $0 [start|stop|status]"
exit 1
esac
exit 0
开机启动oracle
systemctl enable oracle
开机启动问题
oracle ORA-12547: TNS:lost contact
cd /db/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/bin/
chmod 6751 oracle
TNS-12555: TNS:permission denied
cd /var/tmp
chown -R oracle:oinstall .oracle
sqlplus / as sysdba
@$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/utlsampl.sql
alter user scott account unlock;
commit;
systemctl stop firewalld.service
systemctl stop firewalld
alter user scott account unlock;
alter user scott identified by tiger;
grant connect to scott;
