MyCAT简易入门
MyCAT是mysql中间件,前身是阿里大名鼎鼎的Cobar,Cobar在开源了一段时间后,不了了之。于是MyCAT扛起了这面大旗,在大数据时代,其重要性愈发彰显。这篇文章主要是MyCAT的入门部署。
一、安装java
因Mycat是用java开发的,所以需要在实验环境下安装java,官方建议jdk1.7及以上版本
Java Oracle官方下载地址为:
http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/archive-139210.html
解压jdk-7u79-linux-x64.tar.gz文件,并配置java的环境变量
tar xvf jdk-7u79-linux-x64.tar.gz
mv jdk1.7.0_79/ /usr/local/
编辑/etc/profile文件
vim /etc/profile 添加如下内容
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/jdk1.7.0_79
export PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH
export CLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar
source /etc/profile --使/etc/profile文件生效
java -version
java version "1.7.0_79"
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.7.0_79-b15)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 24.79-b02, mixed mode)
二、安装MySQL
MySQL官方下载地址如下:
http://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/
里面有各种版本,包括RPM,二进制,源码包。
为了方便起见,我这里选择是RPM包
yum install -y mysql-community-server-5.6.26-2.el5.x86_64.rpm
启动MySQL
/etc/init.d/mysqld start
Starting mysqld (via systemctl): [ OK ]
为root账户创建密码
mysqladmin -u root password "123456"
建议为123456,后面MyCAT配置文件schema.xml中会用到
三、安装MyCAT
创建MyCAT用户并设置密码
useradd mycat
passwd mycat
解压MyCAT文件
tar xvf Mycat-server-1.5-alpha-20151221110028-linux.tar.gz
mv mycat/ /usr/local/
设置mycat目录的属主和属组
chown -R mycat.mycat /usr/local/mycat/
四、测试MyCAT
首先在MySQL上创建三个数据库:db1,db2,db3。
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mysql> create database db1;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> create database db2;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> create database db3;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
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启动mycat服务
cd /usr/local/mycat/bin/
./mycat start
Starting Mycat-server...
查看mycat服务是否启动
ps -ef |grep mycat
root 9640 7257 0 22:47 pts/3 00:00:00 grep --color=auto mycat
并没有启动
查看日志
cd /usr/local/mycat/logs/
cat wrapper.log
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STATUS | wrapper | 2016/01/07 22:44:23 | --> Wrapper Started as Daemon
STATUS | wrapper | 2016/01/07 22:44:23 | Launching a JVM...
ERROR | wrapper | 2016/01/07 22:44:25 | JVM exited while loading the application.
INFO | jvm 1 | 2016/01/07 22:44:25 | Error: Exception thrown by the agent : java.net.MalformedURLException: Local host name unknown: java.net.UnknownHostException: MySQL-Server1: MySQL-Server1: Name or service not known
STATUS | wrapper | 2016/01/07 22:44:29 | Launching a JVM...
ERROR | wrapper | 2016/01/07 22:44:29 | JVM exited while loading the application.
INFO | jvm 2 | 2016/01/07 22:44:29 | Error: Exception thrown by the agent : java.net.MalformedURLException: Local host name unknown: java.net.UnknownHostException: MySQL-Server1: MySQL-Server1: Name or service not known
STATUS | wrapper | 2016/01/07 22:44:34 | Launching a JVM...
ERROR | wrapper | 2016/01/07 22:44:34 | JVM exited while loading the application.
INFO | jvm 3 | 2016/01/07 22:44:34 | Error: Exception thrown by the agent : java.net.MalformedURLException: Local host name unknown: java.net.UnknownHostException: MySQL-Server1: MySQL-Server1: Name or service not known
STATUS | wrapper | 2016/01/07 22:44:38 | Launching a JVM...
ERROR | wrapper | 2016/01/07 22:44:38 | JVM exited while loading the application.
INFO | jvm 4 | 2016/01/07 22:44:38 | Error: Exception thrown by the agent : java.net.MalformedURLException: Local host name unknown: java.net.UnknownHostException: MySQL-Server1: MySQL-Server1: Name or service not known
STATUS | wrapper | 2016/01/07 22:44:42 | Launching a JVM...
ERROR | wrapper | 2016/01/07 22:44:43 | JVM exited while loading the application.
INFO | jvm 5 | 2016/01/07 22:44:43 | Error: Exception thrown by the agent : java.net.MalformedURLException: Local host name unknown: java.net.UnknownHostException: MySQL-Server1: MySQL-Server1: Name or service not known
FATAL | wrapper | 2016/01/07 22:44:43 | There were 5 failed launches in a row, each lasting less than 300 seconds. Giving up.
FATAL | wrapper | 2016/01/07 22:44:43 | There may be a configuration problem: please check the logs.
STATUS | wrapper | 2016/01/07 22:44:43 | <-- Wrapper Stopped
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根据报错信息,怀疑主机名没有绑定
修改hosts文件,绑定主机名
vim /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
192.168.244.144 MySQL-Server1
重新启动mycat服务
cd /usr/local/mycat/bin/
./mycat start
这次mycat正常启动
ps -ef |grep mycat
root 10725 1 0 22:54 ? 00:00:00 /usr/local/mycat/bin/./wrapper-linux-x86-64 /usr/local/mycat/conf/wrapper.conf wrapper.syslog.ident=mycat wrapper.pidfile=/usr/local/mycat/logs/mycat.pid wrapper.daemonize=TRUE wrapper.lockfile=/var/lock/subsys/mycat
root 10881 7257 0 22:55 pts/3 00:00:00 grep --color=auto mycat
下面以Travelrecord为例,来进行插入,查询,路由分析等基本操作。
首先利用mycat连接mysql数据库
mysql -utest -ptest -h127.0.0.1 -P8066 -DTESTDB
其中8066是mycat的监听端口,类似于mysql的3306端口,其中-u,-p,-h分别是用户名,密码和主机,-D是连接的逻辑库。
至于为什么是这些,这个跟配置文件有关。
红色部分表明连接的是mycat。
创建Travelrecord表
create table travelrecord (id bigint not null primary key,user_id varchar(100),traveldate DATE, fee decimal,days int);
插入数据
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mysql> insert into travelrecord(id,user_id,traveldate,fee,days) values(1,'Victor',20160101,100,10);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> insert into travelrecord(id,user_id,traveldate,fee,days) values(5000001,'Job',20160102,100,10);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> insert into travelrecord(id,user_id,traveldate,fee,days) values(10000001,'Slow',20160103,100,10);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
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至于ID为什么取三个值,这个与conf目录下autopartition-long.txt的定义有关,这个文件主要定义auto-sharding-long的规则。
range start-end ,data node index
K=1000,M=10000.
0-500M=0
500M-1000M=1
1000M-1500M=2
我主要是测试在id取不同区间的值时,分片的效果。
下面来看看分片的效果
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mysql> select * from db1.travelrecord;
+----+---------+------------+------+------+
| id | user_id | traveldate | fee | days |
+----+---------+------------+------+------+
| 1 | Victor | 2016-01-01 | 100 | 10 |
+----+---------+------------+------+------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from db2.travelrecord;
+---------+---------+------------+------+------+
| id | user_id | traveldate | fee | days |
+---------+---------+------------+------+------+
| 5000001 | Job | 2016-01-02 | 100 | 10 |
+---------+---------+------------+------+------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from db3.travelrecord;
+----------+---------+------------+------+------+
| id | user_id | traveldate | fee | days |
+----------+---------+------------+------+------+
| 10000001 | Slow | 2016-01-03 | 100 | 10 |
+----------+---------+------------+------+------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
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果然是分配到三个不同的节点上了。
如果想看MyCAT具体会将数据分配到哪个节点上,可通过路由分析。
语法其实蛮简单,就是SQL语句前加上explain语句。
下面根据explain命令查看create语句和insert语句具体会分配到哪些Datanode上。
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mysql> explain create table travelrecord (id bigint not null primary key,user_id varchar(100),traveldate DATE, fee decimal,days int);
+-----------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| DATA_NODE | SQL |
+-----------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| dn1 | create table travelrecord (id bigint not null primary key,user_id varchar(100),traveldate DATE, fee decimal,days int) |
| dn2 | create table travelrecord (id bigint not null primary key,user_id varchar(100),traveldate DATE, fee decimal,days int) |
| dn3 | create table travelrecord (id bigint not null primary key,user_id varchar(100),traveldate DATE, fee decimal,days int) |
+-----------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> explain insert into travelrecord(id,user_id,traveldate,fee,days) values(1,'Victor',20160101,100,10);
+-----------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| DATA_NODE | SQL |
+-----------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| dn1 | insert into travelrecord(id,user_id,traveldate,fee,days) values(1,'Victor',20160101,100,10) |
+-----------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)
mysql> explain insert into travelrecord(id,user_id,traveldate,fee,days) values(5000001,'Job',20160102,100,10);
+-----------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| DATA_NODE | SQL |
+-----------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| dn2 | insert into travelrecord(id,user_id,traveldate,fee,days) values(5000001,'Job',20160102,100,10) |
+-----------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> explain insert into travelrecord(id,user_id,traveldate,fee,days) values(10000001,'Slow',20160103,100,10);
+-----------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| DATA_NODE | SQL |
+-----------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| dn3 | insert into travelrecord(id,user_id,traveldate,fee,days) values(10000001,'Slow',20160103,100,10) |
+-----------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
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总结:
关于MyCAT的配置其实是蛮简单的,最主要的是熟悉各配置文件的规则。以上用户名,密码,如何分库,都是在配置文件中定义的,后续,有时间再一一详表。
关于配置文件,conf目录下主要以下三个需要熟悉。
server.xml是Mycat服务器参数调整和用户授权的配置文件
schema.xml是逻辑库定义和表以及分片定义的配置文件
rule.xml是分片规则的配置文件
分类: MyCAT
标签: Mysql, MyCAT
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posted @ 2016-01-08 12:45 iVictor 阅读(51624) 评论(15) 编辑 收藏
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回复引用 #1楼 2016-12-07 00:23 | 坏~牧羊人
照着试了下,博主写的真好,谢谢分享
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回复引用 #2楼 2017-02-18 12:12 | 青春无语
谢谢分享
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回复引用 #3楼 2017-07-06 14:48 | 小钊
请问下 我用mycat链接mysql的时候一直报这个错:
[root@ ~]# mysql -utest -ptest -h127.0.0.1 -P8066 -DTEST
ERROR 1045 (HY000): Access denied for user 'test' with host '127.0.0.1'
请问下要怎么解决啊
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回复引用 #4楼[楼主] 2017-07-07 11:34 | iVictor
@ 小钊
看看你server.xml文件的内容是啥?
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回复引用 #5楼 2017-07-07 11:35 | 小钊
@ iVictor
已经解决了,谢谢楼主,关键是要配置下 test这个用户就可以了
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回复引用 #6楼 2017-08-22 11:33 | vip65535
来我的分布式群吗?542241455
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回复引用 #7楼 2017-12-26 10:18 | fyihdg
新手注意,要修改这里的配置:
dataHost为真实地址
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回复引用 #8楼 2018-01-24 16:15 | Leohahah
博主有个问题请教下,如果一个库下有很多表,难道要把所有表全部加入schema.xml中才能在mycat的连接中看到吗,我尝试在mysql库中新加表,用mycat看不到,这点有什么办法吗,谢谢
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回复引用 #9楼[楼主] 2018-01-24 17:57 | iVictor
@ Leohahah
在这种情况下,建立库级别的映射就可以了
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回复引用 #10楼 2018-01-24 18:38 | Leohahah
@ fyihdg
没必要的,dataHost只是Mycat的逻辑主机,只要配置了writehost就行
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回复引用 #11楼 2018-01-24 18:39 | Leohahah
@ iVictor
博主,我没get到点,应该怎样设置全库映射呢
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回复引用 #12楼 2018-01-25 12:10 | Leohahah
博主,谢谢,库级别的映射我设置成功了。
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回复引用 #13楼[楼主] 2018-01-26 15:19 | iVictor
@ Leohahah
好久没弄,都忘了,贴出来看看
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回复引用 #14楼 2018-01-26 15:22 | Leohahah
@ iVictor
引用
@Leohahah
好久没弄,都忘了,贴出来看看
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回复引用 #15楼[楼主] 2018-01-26 18:53 | iVictor
@ Leohahah